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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Things to know about your patient
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Diagnosis
Allergies Current Med list Best time to take each med Swallow-ability Current Diet Current symptoms/status |
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Unpredictable and often severe reactions to a medication
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Adverse Effects
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Predictable effects of a medication
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Side Effects
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Who could be more possible to side and adverse effects
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People on more than 1 med
Children Elderly Patients with asthma |
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MOA
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Mechanism of Action
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What are the six rights for administering drugs
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Right patient
Right Time Right Dose Right Route Right Drug Right Documentation |
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What is the TALLman lettering for?
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To alert you to two similar drugs
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How do you identify your patient?
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Name
Medical Record number DOB |
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When do you avoid PO meds
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Altered LOC
NPO Status Altered GI function Poor Absorption Stomach Irritation |
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Who must approve changes of med administration route
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The Physician
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What are some rights patients have according to JAHCO
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Name of the drug
dose frequency reason refusal |
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What are the advantages to oral medications
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Least Stressful Route
Simple Administration Doesn't Break The Skin Typically Less Expensive |
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Types of Oral Meds
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Pills (tablets/caplets)
Capsules Enterica Coated Effervescent Powders / Tablets Liquids |
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Why are enteric coated tablets / caplets different
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They're supposed to be absorbed in the small intestine
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How much water should you have when you take meds
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60 - 100 mLs
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Things to make sure of when preparing a PO administration
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Asses for potential Aspiration
Only the MD can change Rx Wash Hands / Wear Gloves Sit Patient Upright |
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Guidlines for crushing pills
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Clean mortar & pestle before use
May use pill crusher Crush in package if at all possible |
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Pills not to crush
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Enteric Coated
Slow or Time Released Sublingual Buccal |
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Medications applied to body surfaces or mucous membranes
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Topical Medications
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Types of Topical Medications
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Powder
Cream/Paste Drops Ointment Patch Aerosol / Spray |
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Guidelines for administering topical meds
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Wash hands
Wear Gloves Asses Skin Condition Wash and Dry Area Measure if Applicable Date, Time, & Initial |
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Guidelines for patch medication
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No heating pad over top
No Cutting Remove and Replace Rotate Patch Sites |
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Disadvantages for suppositories
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Be uncomfortable
Incomplete drug absorption May stimulate the vagal nerve |
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When are suppositories used
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Unconscious
Vomiting Unable to Swallow |
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Guidelines for administering rectal suppositories
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Explain procedure
Wash hands Place patient SIMS position Wear Gloves Encourage slow deep breaths Lube & insert past sphincter resistance Encourage to retain 5 min |
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Guidelines for administering vaginal suppositories
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Explain procedure
Wash hands Place patient in LITHOTOMY put on gloves Insert meds to vaginal wall Remain supine for 20 - 30 min Patient may administer |
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What are eye drops commonly used for
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Infections
Patients with glaucoma |
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Guidelines for administering eye drops
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Explain Procedure
Wash hands Put on gloves Wash eyes from inside out Place drops in lower conjunctiva Wait 1 min between each drop |
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How is eye ointment administered
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Thin strip from inside out on lower conjunctiva
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Common uses of ear drops
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Infections
Pain Ear Wax Removal |
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Why are ear drops warmed up/
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to avoid dizziness
to avoid pain |
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Guidelines for administering ear drops
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Explain procedure
Wash hands place the affected ear up Position auricle up & back Wait several minutes before administering drops in opposite ear |
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Common uses of inhalants
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POCD
Asthma |
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Where is it absorbed
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Directly absorbed into the richly vascularized pulmonary bed
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MOA for inhalants
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Opens airway by reducing constriction and inflammation
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What are the 2 commonly inhaled medications
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Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids |
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Inhaler that needs to be shaken and has a gas inside. Must press canister down to inhale
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Metered Dose Inhaler
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guidelines for administering inhalers
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explain procedure
wash hands hold inhaler 1-2" from mouth Exhale>tilt head back>Inhale Hold breath 5 secs or more Wait 20-30 secs then repeat if needed |
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How long do you wait between medications with 2 inhalers
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2 - 5 minutes
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Why are bronchodilators used first?
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They're fast acting compared to other inhaled meds
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Inhalers that don't need to be shaken just clicked and then inhaled very deeply
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Dry Powder Inhalers
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Why do you rinse your mouth after use?
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to prevent thrush
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Administration of medications to specific types of tissues via an invasive procedure
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Parenteral Medication Administration
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Traits of IM (Muscle) injection
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90 Degree angle
Can accommodate 3 mLs Faster absorption rate Lowers risk of tissue damage Elevated risk of nerve damage Elevated risk of meds directly to bloodstream |
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Traits of subcutaneous injection
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45 - 90 Degree angle
Slower rate of absorption Higher discomfort Elevated tissue injury risk |
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Traits of Dermis injection
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5-15 degree angle
Slower rate of absorption Not intended for large volumes |
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Aseptic techniques with injections
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Clean hands before handling
Maintain sterility during prep and admin clean hands before giving meds wear clean gloves during med admin clean hands afterwards |
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Sterile, single-use, disposable equipment under strict guidelines, filled by technique called "aspiration"
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Syringes
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Details about syringes
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Barrel of scored plastic
comes in MM, CC, and Units Plunger |
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single use, stainless steel, OSH standards for "shielding", disposable by strict standards
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Hypodermic Needle
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Parts of a Hypodermic needle
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Hub
Shaft Bevel Length Gauge |
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Tapered tip housed in collar of threads that "lock" onto hub in a turning motion
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luer Lock
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Tapered end fits snugly with pressure and a twist into hub without threads
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Slip-Tip
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What will your choice of syringe depend on?
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Volume of medication
Medication Rx'd Method of Measurement |
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Needle used for thick solutions that is more painful
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Low Gauge
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Needs used for thin solutions that is less painful
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High Gauge
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What should be considered with the length of the right needle
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Long enough to reach inside the targeted tissue and consider client's age / weight
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How long of a needle for muscle
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1 - 1 1/2 inches
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How long of a needle for SubQ tissue
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3/8 - 5/8 inches
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Details of the filter needle
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Filter located in the hub
Used with ampules & vials Use smallest needle if not avail |
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Details of a Vial
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Single / Multi dose plastic/ glass
Houses liquid or powder meds Sealed with secure rubber stopper |
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How much air do you aspirate into the syringe
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An amount equal to the dose
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Where do you pull the medicine into the syringe and why
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Past the desired mark so you can get rid of the excess air
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What do you do with the needle after you withdraw medication
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Replace it with a new neddle for injection into the patient
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What is the rubber top used for
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Sterile seal to keep meds in
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Glass container with a single dose of medicine having a narrow "scored" neck noted by a colored ring
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Ampule
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Things to remember when preparing injections
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Always...
Review Research Check Properly Label |
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Principles when selecting an IM site
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Well developed, relaxed muscle
Free of nerves & blood vessels Avoid scarred, damaged skin Avoid vessels, bony prominences Avoid inflamed areas Avoid flaccid, atrophied muscles |
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What factors influence the kind of shot you give somebody
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Age and Weight of patient
Type of medication Amount of Medication General Condition of patient |
