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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the Three main reasons Medications are used.
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Prevent, Diagnose, or Treat Disease.
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How many names does a medication typicall have?
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Three
Chemical Name - Rarely Used Generic Name - Example Acetaminophen Trade/Brand/Propritery Name - Tylenol |
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Define Pharmacokinetics
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How medications enter the body, reach their site or action, are metabolized and exit the body.
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Name the Order or Enforcement
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Federal Law is most important.
Can be further narrowed by State/Local. Can be further narrowed by Facility |
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Define Absorption
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The Passage of Medication molecules into the blood from its site of administration.
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Where are Acidid Medications Absorbed?
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In the Stomach.
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Where are Basic Medications absorbed?
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Not in the stomach due to the HCl, but are absorbed after reaching the small intestine.
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Are Lipid Soluable Medications absorbed well?
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Yes, they readily cross the cell membrane because of the Phosopholipid Bi Layer.
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What is MedWatch?
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A Voluntary report made to the FDA about possible problems with medications or treatments.
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Define the Phases of Pharmacokinetics.
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Absorbption
Distribution Metabolism Excretion |
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What is Protein Binding?
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The degree to which medications bind to serum proteins such as albumin. When bound, they don't exert any parmacological activity.
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Where are medications metabolized?
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Most biotransformation occurs in the liver, but also some in the lungs, kidneys, blood and intestines.
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Define Excretion
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After medications are metabolized, they exit the body through the kidneys, liver, bowel, lungs, and exocrine glands.
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Why are DB & C Important post operatively?
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They help clear the anesthetic gasses from the lungs more rapidly.
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List the types of Medication Action
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Therapeutic Effects
Side Effects Adverse Effects Toxic Effects Idiosyncratic Reactions Allergic Reactions |
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Define Toxic Effect
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They may develope after a prolonged intake of a medication, or when the medication accmulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism of excretion. Might be lethel.
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What is an idiosyncratic reaction?
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An unpredictable effect. For example, Benadryl normally causes drowsiness, but idiosyncratic rection is agitation.
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Define Parenteral Medication Administartion.
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Injecting medication into body dissues.
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Define Intradermal (ID)
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Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis.
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Define Subcutaneous (Sub-Q)
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Injection into tissues jusb below the dermis of the skin.
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Define Intrathecal.
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Meds administered into the subarachnoid space or into one of the ventricles of the brain.
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Define Intraosseous
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Medication adminsitered directly into bone marrow.
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Define transdermal disk or patch.
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Disks with medicated ointment that can be applied for between 24-72 Hours.
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Define the basic Dosage Calculation Formula.
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Dose Ordered
____________ X Amount on Hand = Amount to Administer Dose on Hand |
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Six "Rights" of Medications:
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Medication
Dose Client Route Time Documentation |
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Describe the components of a complete Medication Order
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Cleints Full Name
Date Order Written Medication Name Dose Route of administration Time and Freq Signature of physician, nurse practitioner or Physician Assistant |
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Define Polyharmacy
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A client is taking many medication, prescried or not in an attempt to treat several disorders simultaneously.
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What actions do you take when a client declines a medication?
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Withhold the Meds
Document your actions Notify the prescriber |
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How long should an Inhaled medication be held in the lungs?
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About 10 seconds
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Dow do you breath out after an inhaled medication?
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Through the nose, or pursed lips.
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What is the head placement for Ethmoid or Sphenoid sinus.
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Head tipped back over bed, or a pillow.
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What is the had of the position for administration to the Maxillary or Frontal sinuses?
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Over the side of the bed, but tilted to the side.
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What is an MDI?
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Metered Dose Inhaler
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How can you differentiate between a syringe intended for oral use, and one inteneded for parenteral use?
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Oral syringes dont have a luerlock hub, but do have a cap.
Parenteral have a luerlock hub that is used to securely attach a needle. |
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Define the parts of a partenteral syringe.
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Notice the Luerlock syringe hub
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When using a prefilled, single dose syringe, and it contains more than the ordered dose, what action should the nurse take?
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Discard the extra amount BEFORE injecting the patient.
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What type of ysringe is used for U-100 insulin?
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ONLY a U-100 Insulin Syringe.
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In a U-100 Insulin Syringe 100U=____ mL?
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100U = 1 mL
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What are the calibrations used in a 1ml syringe?
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0.01mL
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What is another name for a 1ml syringe?
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A TB Syringe.
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How many Ounces are there in 30mL?
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One Ounce
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Can you interchange droppers between medications? Why or Why not.
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No.
Each dropper has a specific size opening at the time and delivers a different amount. This is often due to the consitency or viscosity of the medication being delivered. |
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How many times do you use a prefilled syringe?
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Only Once.
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You have an order for 1.5ml of a medication and it arrives in a 3ml prefilled syringe. What is the nurses action?
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Discard 1.5ml of the medication, leaving the ordered 1.5ml before injecting the patient.
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What type of syringes can be used to deliver insulin?
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Only insulin syringes should be used to deliver insulin.
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When aligning the plunger in a syringe to a callibration, what is used as the marker?
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The Top Ring of the black rubber tip.
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Are all syringes marked in mL?
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No, some use cc, which are interchangable.
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Name the seven parts of a drug order.
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Patient Name
Drug to be delivered Dosage Route Frequency and special instructions Date and time order written Signature of person writing order |
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Which of the seven parts of a drug order is optional?
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None, if 1 is missing, it is considered incomplete.
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Differentiate between a Crystaloid and Suspension form of a medication.
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Crystaloid is a clear solution. Suspension is solid particles in liquid that separate when held in a container.
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