Medication Administration

Front 1

blood serum concentration of a medication reached and maintained after repeated fixed doses

Back 1

plateau

Front 2

An Effect that is Intended or predicted physiological response

Back 2

Thearapeutic Effects

Front 3

Drugs will cause unintended secondary effects.
-May be harmless or cause injury
-Often stop taking med's

Back 3

Side Effects

Front 4

Something different alwaysis possible, opposite effect then what was intended.
Idiosyncratic Reaction

Back 4

Idiosyncratic Reaction

Front 5

After prolonged intake of high doses of med's, or when drug accumulates in the body, b.c. of the impared metabolism or excretion.

Back 5

Toxic Effects

Front 6

greater effects of 2 drugs combined.
-May be desired: Diurectics & Vasodilaors to lower Bp
-May be undesire:Alcohol & Narcotics

Back 6

Synergistic Effects

Front 7

Drug Dose Response

Back 7

After drug is administered it undergoes
-Absorption
-Distrubution
-Metabolism
-Excretion

Front 8

-Easiest
-Slowest onset of action and more prolonged effect

Back 8

Oral Route

Front 9

Sublingual Application

Back 9

Placed under the tongue

Front 10

Buccal Administration

Back 10

Placing solid medication n mouth against the mucous memebrance of the cheek until it dissolves

Front 11

Exposure to inital dose may cause an immunological response
Drug acts as an antigen which causes antibodies to be produced
Allergic reaction

Back 11

Allergic reaction

Front 12

Raised irregular shaped skin eruptions with varying sizing and shapes eruptions have reddened margins and pale centers.

Back 12

Urticaria

Front 13

Small raised vesicles that are usually reddened often distrubuted over the entire body

Back 13

Rash

Front 14

Itching of the skin accompanies most rashes.

Back 14

Pruritus .

Front 15

inflammation of mucous membrane lining nose causes swelling and clear watery discharge

Back 15

Rhinitis

Front 16

An application to mucous membrane

Back 16

Topical

Hint 16

Ex: Eye gtts,Ear gtts, Nasal spray,Bladder and Rectal installation

Front 17

Respiratory Tract
Large rich surface area for drug absorption.
-Some are designed to have local effects
*bronchodilators

Back 17

Inhallation

Front 18

Parental Routes

Back 18

Injecting Med's into body tissue.
ex;ID,IM,IV,SubQ

Front 19

injection into the dermis just under epidermis

Back 19

Intradermal Route ID

Front 20

injection Into the muscle

Back 20

Intramuscular Route IM

Front 21

injection into the vein

Back 21

Intravenous Route IV

Front 22

injection into the tissue below the dermis of the skin

Back 22

Subcutaneous SUB-Q

Front 23

Allergic Response

Back 23

Common or Mild
Ex: Hives,eczema,rash,pruritus,rhinitis,urticaria,wheezing
-Severe
Ex:Anaphylactic Reaction

Front 24

severe sudden constriction of bronchioali muscles,edema of pharynx & larynx with severe wheezing and shortness of breathe

Back 24

Anaphylactic Reaction

Front 25

Alcohol and opiates are common forms that react to slow metabolism and cause a need for increased dosage.

Back 25

Drug Tolerance

Front 26

One drug modifies the action of another
-May potentiate or diminsh the action other drugs

Back 26

Drug Interaction

Front 27

-For seizure treatment
-Administered by mouth or IV pushin large doses
-Affects rhythms of the heart

Back 27

Dilantin

Front 28

A substance used in the diagnosis treatment cure relief or prevention of diease.

Back 28

Drug

Front 29

Given by the manufacturer who irst developed the drug
ex:aspirin and Tetracycline HCl
-may have different names

Back 29

Generic name

Front 30

Brand Name or proprietary name under which a manufacturer markets a drug

Back 30

Trade name

Front 31

indicates the effect on the body system, systems relieved or desired effects.
-May belong to more than one
ex: Aspirin-analagesic,antiinflammatory,anticlor,antipyretic

Drug Classification

Back 31

Drug classification

Hint 31

ex: Aspirin-analagesic,antiinflammatory,anticlor,antipyretic

Front 32

Does not create a function in a tissue or organ but rather alters physiological functions
-Alters body fluids,cell membrances or interacts with receptor sites.

Back 32

Drug

Front 33

Study of how drugs enter the body, reach their site of action are metablized and exit the body

Back 33

Pharmacokinetics

Front 34

Passage of drug molecules into the blood
-most drugs enter systemic circulation to exert therapeutic effects except topicals

Back 34

Absorption

Hint 34

Factors-
-Route of admistion
-Ability to dissolve
-Conditions at site of absorption

Front 35

after drug is absprbed it is sent to the tissues and organs and ultimately to the specific site of action

Back 35

Distrubition

Hint 35

Factors
-physical & chemical properties of drugs

Front 36

After drug reaches its site of action it is broken down into an inactive form that is more easily excreted aka Biotransformation

Back 36

Metabolism

Front 37

after metabolism drugs exit the body trhough the kidneys,liver,bowels,lungs & exocrine glands chemical makeup of drug determines the organ of excretion

Back 37

Excretion

Front 38

Time it takes for a medication to reach highest effective concentration

Back 38

Peak

Front 39

Time it takes after medication is administrated for it to produce a response

Back 39

Onset

Front 40

Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next schedule dose.
Trough

Back 40

Trough

Front 41

time during which the med's is present in concentration great enough to produce a response.

Back 41

Duration

Front 42

The 6 Rightsof Medication Administration

Back 42

-Medication
-Dose
-Client
-Route
-Time
-Documentation

Front 43

A type of order that is carried out until MD cancels it or until the prescribed number of days elapse.

Back 43

Standing Orders

Front 44

MD may order drug on a when necessary basis. Nurse decides need
MD sets max intervals for time administration.
PRN Orders

Back 44

PRN Orders

Front 45

One time order
One dose
eg; pre operative order
Single Orders

Back 45

Single Orders

Front 46

Single dose of medication to be given immediately and only once

Back 46

Stat Orders

Hint 46

up to an hour to give the meds

Front 47

Components of a Drug order

Back 47

-Clients full name
-Date order is written
-Drug name
-Dosage
-Route of administration
-Time and frequency
-Signature of MD or NP

Front 48

Injection technique

Back 48

Nurse needs to know the volume to be administered.
-drug characteristics & viscosity
-location of anatomical structures underlying injection site.

Front 49

Technique Failure

Back 49

-Nerve or bone damage
no aspiration- vein or artery
too large of volume-pain and local tissue damage

Front 50

Subcutaneous Site

Back 50

-Vascular and easily accessible
-Sites require rotation
-abdominal wall best for Heparin

Front 51

Heparin

Back 51

Anticoagulant
-used to treat or prevent clots in the veins, arteries, lungs, or heart.
-stops clots from forming or getting bigger.

Front 52

Sub Q Amount

Back 52

only small doses 0.5 to 1ml of fluid
medication can collect within the tissue causing sterile abscess' hardened painful lumps under the skin.

Front 53

Sub Q Needle

Back 53

25 guage - 5/8 inch needle
@ 45 degree but not always

Obese pts pinch tissue and make sure needle is long enough. preferred need length 1/2 inch width of skin fold.

Front 54

Sub Q Sites

Back 54

Abdomen
-Lateral upper arm
-Deltoid
Upper Back below Scapula
-Ventrogluteal
-Vastus Lateralis

Front 55

IM Amount

Back 55

well developed client can tolerate 3 ml of fluid in large muscles

Child & Elderly - less than 2ml

Front 56

IM Sites

Back 56

-Rectus Femoris
-Vastus Lateralis
-Ventrogluteal-best site bc no vessels
-Dorsogluteal
Deltoid -small amounts only

Front 57

IM Factors

Back 57

Assess site before injecting
-look for hardened lesions
-free of infection
-Bruising,abrasion
-check underlying bones, nerves,major blood vessels

Front 58

Z track technique

Back 58

-New needle after drawing up drug
-add 0.2 ml air lock
-pull skin 1 to 1 1/2 in to side
-apirate and inject
-withdrawl needle
-release skin & seal needle track

Front 59

Vistaril

Back 59

AKA Hydroxyzine
Antihistamine
-treat allergy symptoms, anxiety and tension

Front 60

ID Sites

Back 60

used for allergy testing
-inner forearmor upper back

Front 61

ID Syringes

Back 61

-come in sizes 1-50 ml
-2-3 ml for IM or SUBQ
-More than 5ml for injection(uncommon)
insulin -100units/1ml
TB-1ml

Front 62

Parts of a Needle

Back 62

-Hub
Must remain sterile
-shaft
-bevel

Front 63

Needle Size

Back 63

according to size of pt.
-weight & tissue injected

General
-1 to 1 1/2 in -IM
-3/8 to 5/8 in - Sub Q

Front 64

Needle Gauge

Back 64

-Smaller the gauge the larger the needle diameter
*16 -18 blood products
*19-23 IM depends on viscosity
*25 SubQ
*26 ID

Front 65

vacuum packed and will need to be inserted equal amounts of air before withrawled from container

Back 65

Amples and Vials

Front 66

Insulin

Back 66

Mixed
NPH-Cloudy addition of a protein which slows absorption
Regular-clear

Front 67

Insulin mixed

Back 67

Must be given with in 5 mins of prep time bc binding will occur and reduce the effectiveness of the short acting insulin

Always draw up short acting insulin first so it will not become contaminated with long lasting insulin and slow down reaction time.

Front 68

Contraindications for Oral Route

Back 68

Liver or Renal function
ability to swallow/cough/gag
vomitting or nausea
bowel inflammation

Front 69

Preparing medication

Back 69

-One client at a time
-select correct med
-compare label with MAR
-check calcuation dose
-double check with another nurse if needed
-narcotics ( check Count)
-take meds to client at correct time within 30mins before/after
-2 identifiers, clients name and Identification number on MAR print out and ID Bracelet.
ask pt to state name for 3rd identifier.
-evaluate clients response to meds on onset peak and duration.

Front 70

pill crushing device

Back 70

mortar and pestle

Front 71

nasal instillation

Back 71

effective for treating sinus infections
-severe nose bleeds are treating with packing and epinephrine to reduce blood flow

Front 72

-artificial tears and vasoconstrictors
ex Visine & Murine

Back 72

Eye Instillation

Front 73

Intraocular Administration

Back 73

medication delivered that resembles a contact lens
ex pilocarpine

Front 74

Nasal installation drops into the ethmoid or sphenoid sinus

Back 74

lay supine and Tilt head back
use pillow or head over the edge of the bed

Front 75

Nasal installation drops into the frontal and maxillary sinus

Back 75

lay lateral with head tilted to the side
use pillow or head over the edge of the bed

Front 76

POsition of body for ophthalmic installation

Back 76

supine or sit back in chair with head hyperextended

Front 77

Eye drops installation

Back 77

-Have pt look at ceiling
dominant hand resting on clients forehead hold med dropper 1-2cm 1/ inch-3/4 inch from conj. sac
-have pt closes eyes after
-apply pressure from 30-60 sec
(only for systemic effect)

Front 78

eye oinment installation

Back 78

have pt look at ceiling
-apply ointment from inner to outer canthus
-have pt close eye and rub lid lightly in circular motionswith cotton ball
-if rubbing is not contraindicated

Front 79

vaginal installation

Back 79

oval shaped suppositories foams,jellies or creams

Front 80

Rectal installation

Back 80

thinner and more bullet shaped suppositories
-promotes defecation or systemic effects
-somes times enema used first then suppository

Front 81

albuterol

Back 81

a beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilator

Front 82

-Lacks major nerves and blood vessels
-Rapid drug absorption
-used in infants immunizations

Back 82

Vastus Lateralis

Front 83

-Deep site away from major nerves andblood vessels
-less chance of contamination from incontinence
-easily identified by bony prominent landmarks
-perferred site for meds that are in larger volume

Back 83

Ventrogluteal

Front 84

-Easily accessible but not well developed in all pt.
-small amounts of medications
-not used in children or infants
-recommended site for hepB and rabies.

Back 84

Deltoid

Front 85

Back 85

Intramuscular injection site

Front 86

Back 86

Vastus Lateralis injection

Hint 86

use mid third of injection of the thigh

Front 87

Back 87

Deltoid injection

Hint 87

-1-2 inchs below acromion process(3 fingers below)
-not well developed in
many adult, risk of potential injury
-SMALL INJECTION VOLUME

Front 88

Back 88

Do not use this site due to risk of hitting sciatic nerve.