Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
type of cancer with uncontrolled production of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow
|
leukemia
|
|
|
leukemia is a systemic disease, a group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood forming tissues of what?
|
bone marrow
lymph system spleen |
|
|
leukemia is not a solid tumor
t/f |
true
|
|
|
leukemia affects adults ___ greater than children
|
10x
|
|
|
leukemia is the ____ cause of cancer death for men and ____ women
|
5 men
7 women |
|
|
is there a cause for leukemia?
|
no single cause
|
|
|
what does leukemia result from?
|
leukemia is a combination of factors genetic and environmental.
|
|
|
chemical agents, chemothereapeutic agents, virusees, radiation and immune deficiences are all associated with
|
leukemia development
|
|
|
in the pathophysiology of leukemia, bone marrow becomes overcroweded with what?
|
immature, nonfunctioning cells
|
|
|
normal bone marrow production includes
|
RBC, WBC, PLATELETS
|
|
|
What results when normal bone marrow production of RBC and platelets are overcrowded with immature, nonfunctioning cells
|
leukemia
|
|
|
leukemia is a systemic disease affecting what?
|
rbc, wbc, platelets
|
|
|
leukemia is characterized by what symptom in all types
|
fatigue/weakness
|
|
|
bone marrow failure and formation of leukemic infiltrates causes what
|
bone marrow overcrowded by abnormal cells and inadequate production of normal marrow
|
|
|
diagnostic studies for leukemia are
|
CBC
BONE MARROW EXAM CT SCAN LUMBAR PUNCTURE AML-ALL (chromosomal abnormalities) CML - * PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME |
|
|
the goal of treatment is to
|
attain remission, disease control or CURE leukemia
|
|
|
each time there is a relapase, the next remission is more difficult to achieve and maintain
t/f |
true
|
|
|
remission is characterized by what
|
complete
partial molecular |
|
|
55 median age - normal cells, bone marrow expands (pain in long bones, liver spleen) leukoctye > 1000
|
CML CHRONIC MYELEGENOUS LEUKEMIA
|
|
|
Adults median 65 - insuffiencent production of normal B cells
|
AML ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
|
|
|
Occurs in Children age 10 median -causes pain/headache/vomit
|
ALL ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
|
|
|
Risk for NEUTROPENIA, ANEMIA, THROMBOCYOPENIA
|
AML ACUTE MYEOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
|
|
|
B cell Lymph, males age 60, malignant clone of B lymphoctye, ASYMPTOMATICCCCC .... > lymphoctyes
|
CLL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
|
|
|
The KEY exam tool is a
|
needle biopsy/bone marrow
|
|
|
1st stage of chemotherepetuic treatment is called
|
induction therapy
|
|
|
what are the 4 therapies for chemo treatment
|
induction
intensification consolidation maintenance |
|
|
what can be used for treatment?
|
corticosteroids
radiation therapy |
|
|
drugs vary but what is the best mainstay of treatment
|
combination therapy, use of multiple drugs
|
|
|
combination therapy does what
|
decreases drug resistance
minimize drug toxicity interrupt cell growth at multiple points in cell cycle |
|
|
specific targeted therapy in form of what is a new treatment
|
monoclonal antibodies
|
|
|
most common in ADULTS, involves B cell lymphoctyes
|
CLL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
|
|
|
STANDARD treatment for leukemia
|
bone marrow transplatation
|
|
|
bone marrow transplation purges what
|
present marrow of leukemia cells
|
|
|
after conditioning, what is given back to the patient
|
new, healthy marrow
|
|
|
what are the sources of stem cells?
|
the cell bank
|
|
|
a major cause of death in the client with leukemia
|
infection
|
|
|
infection is a major cause of death in client with leukemia, and what is a common complication
|
Sepsis
|
|
|
infection occurs how?
|
skin/respiration or intestinal tracts
auto or cross contamination |
|
|
infection protection includes
|
frequent handwriting
private room air filtration or laminar airflow mask for visitor with Upper respiratory infections |
|
|
infection protection also requires this related to food
|
MINIMAL BACTERIA DIET without uncooked foods.
No fresh fruits or vegetables! |
|
|
monitor daily lab results as well as
|
skin care
respiratory care |
|
|
period of greatest bone marrow supression is known as
|
nadir
|
|
|
interventions for risk injury are
|
bleeding precautions
fatigue blood replacement therapy - RBC , platelets drug therapy energy conservation |
|
|
nursing diagnosis for leukemia =
|
RISK FOR INFECTION RELATED TO DECREASED NEUTROPHILS!
|
|
|
goals for leukemia are to
|
minimize side effects /complications, feel supported during treatment
|
|
|
the patient with leukemia is recieving busulfan MYLERAN and allopurinol ZYLOPRIM - the nurse tells the patient that the purpose of ALLOPURINOL is to
|
allopurinol prevents hyperuricemia
|
|
|
philadelphia chromosome is found through what - which indicates leukemia
|
CML - Through Biopsy
|
|
|
1st stage , aggresive, decreased bone marrow causing anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
|
induction
|
|
|
more chemo after remission is known as
|
consolidation
|
|
|
major cause of death r/t leukemia =
|
INFECTION
|
|
|
After breast cancer surgery, an accumulation of lymph can occur in the soft tissue of the involved extremity. This is known as
|
lymphedema
|
|
|
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the type of lympocyte that is involved is the
|
B CELL
|
|
|
In Hodgkins lymphoma, the histologic examination will reveal which of the following
|
reed sternberg cells
|
|
|
originates in the bone marrow and lymphatic structures resulting in proliferation of lymphoctyes
|
lymphoma
hodkins vs non hodkins |
|
|
hodgekins occurs what age
|
15-35 years old and >50
UNKNOWN CAUSE |
|
|
marker cells in lymph nody and biopsy specimens indicating lymphoma
|
reed-sterner marker cells
|
|
|
hodgkins lymphoma is characterized by what?
|
large
painless lymph nodes |
|
|
hodgkins lymphoma has large, painless lymph nodes located where
|
NECK , cervical, axillary, inguinal areas
|
|
|
After breast cancer surgery, an accumulation of lymph can occur in the soft tissue of the involved extremity. This is known as
|
lymphedema
|
|
|
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the type of lympocyte that is involved is the
|
B CELL
|
|
|
In Hodgkins lymphoma, the histologic examination will reveal which of the following
|
reed sternberg cells
|
|
|
infection, genetic predisopsed, occupational toxin exposure is known as
|
Epstein-Barr virus EBV
|
|
|
EBV increases with what?
|
HIV infected patients
|
|
|
normal structure of lymph nodes desteroyed by hyperplasia of monocytes/macrophages -
|
hodgkins lymphoma
|
|
|
where does hodgkins arise from
|
arises from single location and spreads
|
|
|
clinical manifestations of hodgkins are
|
WEIGHT LOSS, FATIGUE
WEAKNESS, CHILLS, NIGH SWEATS (B SYMPTOMS), PROGRESSNG TO ANEMIA, SPLENOMEGALY, HEPATOMEGAL, ALCOHOL INDUCED PAIN! |
|
|
B symptoms are also known as
|
night sweats
|
|
|
diagnostic tests for lymphoma include
|
CBC, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow exam, CT, MRI, PET (assess response to therapy)
|
|
|
hodgkins is treated with
|
DEPENDING ON STAGING :
Radiation alone or with chemo, hematopoetic growth factors |
|
|
Clinical stage of hodgekins is determined as A or B and
|
stage 1 and 4
|
|
|
single lymph node stage
|
stage 1
|
|
|
PAIN with ALCOHOL is indicative of
|
hodgkins lymphoma
|
|
|
diffuse disease
|
stage 4
|
|
|
a less systemic tumor is called
|
lymphomas
|
|
|
what marker is indicative of hodgkins
|
REED STERNBERG MARKER
|
|
|
when does treatment begin for lymphomas?
|
once disease is staged
|
|
|
chemo for hodgkins consists of
|
ABVD regimen :
adriamycin bleomycin vinblastine dacarbazine |
|
|
Radiation therapy - RN care is primarily based on managing problems related to disease such as
|
pain
panyctopenia psychosocial considerations |
|
|
what involves lymphocytes arrested in various stages of development affecting ALL AGES.
|
NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA
|
|
|
where does non - hodgkins arise from
|
Arises from altered B or T lymphoctyes (B-CELL LYMPHOMAS - 90$)
|
|
|
The spread of non-hodgkins is
|
very unpredicatible, disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis
|
|
|
NON-HODGKINS is the ____ most common cancer for men and ____ for women
|
6 men
5 women |
|
|
NON HODGKINS IS THE ____ CAUSE OF DEATH FOR BOTH MEN AND WOMEN
|
6TH
|
|
|
what is the most common HEMATOLOGICAL CANCER
|
NON-HDOGKINS LYMPHOMA
|
|
|
the cause of non-hodkins is
|
unknown
|
|
|
Non -Hodgins can arise from
|
exposure to radiation or chemical, autoimmune disease, viral inffection, immuneosupressive drugs
|
|
|
a patient that uses Immunosupressant Drugs is most likely to get
|
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
|
|
|
painless, enlarged lymph nodes - cervical axiallary, inguinal, femoral, enlarged spleen, extranodal sites
|
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma
|
|
|
diagnostics for Non Hodgkins Lymphoma
|
CBC
Lymph node biopsy bone marrow exam CT MRI PET |
|
|
diagnostic staging for non hodgkins is
|
low to high
|
|
|
how do you treat non hodgkins
|
radiation therapy
and single or multi agent chemo |
|
|
assess all organ functioning and problems related to both
|
chemo and radiation therapy
|
|
|
tbe RN specialist provides an educational session to the RN staff regarding characateristics of Hodgkins disease - the RN determines thatfurther teaching is needed if the nursing staff member states that which of the following is characteristic of HODGKINS DISEASE
|
OCCURS MOST OFTEN IN OLDER PATIENTS....HODKINS IS MOST OFTEN FOUND IN 15-35 YEAR OLDS.
|
