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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What color is G+?
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Purple/Blue
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What color is G-?
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Red/Pink
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Steps of the Gram Stain and associated color?
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Crystal violet - Purple/Blue
Gram's Iodine - Purple/Blue Alcohol- Purple/Blue G+; Colorless G- Safranin - Purple/Blue: G+; Red/Pink G+ |
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Color of AFB?
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Red
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Color of Non AFB?
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Blue
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All cocci are G+ except?
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Neisseria and Moraxella
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What are all spore formers?
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G+
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What is the AFB? and partially AFB?
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Mycobacterium
Nocardia All other bacteria are Non-AFB except Legionella micdadei |
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What are the Acid Fast protazoans?
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Cryptosporidium and Isopora have acid fast oocytes
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What are the bacterial ribosomal components?
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70s
30s 50s (23s and 5s) |
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What are the bacteria with superantigens?
Mechanism of SuperAg? |
S.aureus: TSST-1
S.pyogenes: Scarlet fever-strain SPE toxin causes toxic shock like syndrome Bind directly to MHCII and TCR instead of individual peptide presentation on MHCII to CD4 resulting in large T (non-specific) cell stimulation - large release of cytokines |
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What are the ADP ribosylating A-B toxins?
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C. diptheria: Inactivates EF-2 (similar to Pseudomonas exotoxin A)
Vibrio: ADP ribosylation of G-alpha keeping it on continously stimulates adenylyl cyclase - loss of Cl and water into lumen E.coli: Heat labile toxin stimulaes adenylate cyclase (cholera-like); Heat stable toxin stimulates Guanylase cyclase B. pertussis: ADP ribosylates Gi subunit tuning of the inhbitor; inhibits chemokine receptors causing lymphocytosis |
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Toxins that increase cAMP?
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Cholera
Anthrax (M) E. coli Pertussis |
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Mechansim of C. tetani toxin?
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Blocks the inhibitory NT glycine
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Mechansim of C. botulinum toxin?
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Blocks the release of Ach
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Bacteria that do not Gram stain well?
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These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color
Treponema (too thin)- Dark field microscopy Rickettsia (Intracel) - Geimsa Mycoplasma (no cell wall) Mycobacterium (high lipid content) Legionella (primarily intracellular) - Silver stain Chlamydia (Intracellular) - Geimsa |
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Fermentation pattern of Neisseria?
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MeninGococci ferment Maltose and Glucose
Gonococci ferment Glucose |
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Which bacteria produce pigments?
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S.aurea - Gold
Serratia marcescens - Red Pseudomonas - Bluish-green |
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Bacteria that have IgA protease?
Fxn? |
S. pneumo
Neisseria Menin and Gonorr H. influ |
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Defintion of conjugation?
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DNA transfer from one bacteria to another
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Definition of Transduction?
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DNA transferred by a virus from 1 cell to another
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Definition of Transformation?
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Purified DNA taken up by a cell - can be eukaryotic in this case as well as prokaryotic
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What are the obliagte aerobes?
Why? |
Nagging Pest Must Breath
Nocardia Pseudomonas Mycobacterium Bacillus Use oxygen-dependent system to generate ATP |
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Obligate anaerobes?
Why? |
Clostridium
Bacteroides Acintomyces They lack catalse and SODand thus suseptible to oxidative damage |
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What is the general clinical presentation characteristic of obligate anaerobes?
What Abx is ineffective at Tx |
Foul-smelling (short chain fatty acids), produce gas in tissue (co2 and H2), difficult to culture
Can Tx with aminoglycosides b/c requires O to enter bacterial cell |
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What are the obligate intracellular pathogens?
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Rickettsia
Chlamydia Can't make own ATP |
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What are the Facultative intracellular pathogens?
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Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Legionella, Fracisella, Listeria, Yersinia |
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What are examples of encapsulated bacteria?
What is necessary for an immune response |
S. peumo, H.influ, Neisseria Mening, Klebsellia
IgG2 is necessary for immune response |
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Alhpa hemolytic bacteria?
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S. pneumo (Catalse -, optochin sensitive)
Viridan |
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Beta hemolytic bacteria?
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GAS (bacitracin sensitive)
GBS S.aurea (Coagulase +) Listeria (tumbuling motilty, menigitis in newborn / pregnant, unpast milk) E.coli |
