Medical Vocab: Lesson 2

Front 1

amphi-, ampho-

Back 1

Prefix

on both sides, around, both

amphi-bi-ous; ampho-cyt-e

Front 2

ana-

Back 2

Prefix

up, back, against

ana-tomy; ana-gen

Front 3

apo-

Back 3

Prefix

away from

apo-crin-e; apo-pt-osis

Front 4

cata- (cat- before a vowel or b)

Back 4

Prefix

downward, disordered

cata-bol-ism; cat-h-ode

Front 5

dia- (di- before a vowel)

Back 5

Prefix

through, across, apart

dia-cla-sis; di-opt-o-meter

Front 6

eso-

Back 6

Prefix

within, inner, inward

eso-gastr-itis; eso-trop-ia

Front 7

eu-

Back 7

Prefix

good, normal, healthy

eu-thyr-oid; eu-than-asia

Front 8

heter-, hetero-

Back 8

Prefix

different, other, relationship to another

hetero-chrom-ia; heter-esthes-ia

Front 9

homo-, homeo-

Back 9

Prefix

same, likeness

homo-top-ic; homeo-stasis

Front 10

meta- (met- before a vowel or h)

Back 10

Prefix

change, transformation, after, behind

meta-bol-ism; met-encephal-on

Front 11

para- (often par- before a vowel)

Back 11

Prefix

alongside, around, abnormal, beyond

para-thyr-oid; par-acus-ia

Front 12

pro-

Back 12

Prefix

before

pro-drom-al; pro-gnath-ous

Front 13

pros-, prosth-

Back 13

Prefix

in place of

pros-thes-is; prosth-o-dont-ics

Front 14

-al

Back 14

Suffix (a Latin derived adjectival suffix)

pertaining to, located in

bronchi-al; par-enter-al

Front 15

-ase

Back 15

Suffix

forms names of enzymes

amyl-ase; malt-ase

Front 16

-asia, -asis (rare)

Back 16

Abstract noun-forming suffix

state, condition

meta-chrom-asia; xer-asia; blephar-o-chal-asis

Front 17

-ema

Back 17

Abstract noun-forming suffix

state, condition

emphys-ema; eryth-em-at-ous (?)

Front 18

-esis

Back 18

Abstract noun-forming suffix

state, condition, procedure

amni-o-cent-esis; sudor-esis

Front 19

-etic

Back 19

Abstract noun-forming suffix

pertaining to

di-a-phor-etic; sym-path-etic

Front 20

-ics, -tics

Back 20

Noun-forming suffix

science or study of

ger-iatr-ics; therapeu-tics

Front 21

-ism

Back 21

Abstract noun-forming suffix

state, condition, quality

a-stigmat-ism; phot-o-trop-ism

Front 22

-ismus

Back 22

Abstract noun-forming suffix

state, condition; muscular spasm

esophag-ismus; pharyng-ismus

Front 23

-oid, (rarely) -ode, -id

Back 23

Noun and adjective-forming suffix

like or resembling

aden-oid; nemat-ode; lip-id

Front 24

-oma,
-omat; the combining form of nouns ending in -oma
-omata; the plural form

Back 24

Abstract noun-forming suffix

usually tumor, occasionally disease, diseased condition, destructive disease

carcin-oma; carcin-omat-osis; xanth-omat-a

Front 25

-ose

Back 25

Latin-derived adjectival suffix
(used to form names of chemical substances)

full of resembling

vantr-ose; gluc-ose

Front 26

-ous

Back 26

Latin-derived adjectival suffix

pertaining to, characterized by, full of

bili-ous; ven-om-ous

Front 27

-us

Back 27

Latin noun-forming suffix

condition, person (sometimes a malformed fetus)

hypo-thalam-us; tetan-us

Front 28

-ize

Back 28

Commonly used Greek derived suffix

"to make, become, cause to be, subject to, engage in"

hypnot-ize; intern-al-ize

Front 29

-ate, -ide, -ite, -one

Back 29

suffixes used to form names of chemical substances

chlor-ate; brom-ide; nitr-ite; testoster-one

Front 30

ACR-

Back 30

Combining form

[highest point] extremities (particularly the hands and feet)

acr-o-dermat-itis

Front 31

AMBLY-

Back 31

Combining form

dull, faint

ambly-acous-ia

Front 32

CARCIN-

Back 32

Combining form

carcinoma, cancer

carcin-oma

Front 33

-CEL-

combining forms preceded by a hyphen (e.g., -em- are found only following a prefix or another combining form: anemia, leukemia, and so forth)

Back 33

Combining form

hernia, tumor, swelling

hydro-cel-e

Front 34

CHEIR-, CHIR-

Back 34

Combining form

hand

cheir--ospasm; chir-o-pract-ic (?)

Front 35

CHOL(E)-

Back 35

Combining form

bile, gall

chol-o-lith

Front 36

CHOL(I)-, COLON-

Back 36

Combining form

colon

colon-o-scope

Front 37

CYAN-

Back 37

Combining form

blue

cyan-otic

Front 38

CYST(I)-, -CYSTIS

Back 38

Combining form

bladder, cyst

cyst-itis

Front 39

DIPLO-

Back 39

Combining form

double, twin

diplo-bacill-us

Front 40

ENTER-

Back 40

Combining form

(small) intestine

enter-alg-ia

Front 41

ERG-

Back 41

Combining form

action, work

erg-o-meter

Front 42

GASTR-

Back 42

Combining form

stomach

gastr-ectomy

Front 43

HEM-, HEMAT-, -EM-

Back 43

Combining form

blood

hem-o-rrhage

Front 44

HEPAR-, HEPAT-

Back 44

Combining form

liver

hepat-itis

Front 45

LIP-

Back 45

Combining form

fat

lip-o-suction

Front 46

MACR-

Back 46

Combining form

(abnormally) large or long

macr-o-pod-ia

Front 47

MEGA-, MEGAL-

Back 47

Combining form

(abnormally) large or long

mega-colon

Front 48

MELAN-

Back 48

Combining form

dark, black

melan-in

Front 49

MICR-

Back 49

Combining form

(abnormally) small

micr-obe

Front 50

NYCT-

Back 50

Combining form

night

nyct-alg-ia

Front 51

ODYN-

Back 51

Combining form

pain

odyn-o-phag-ia

Front 52

ONC-

Back 52

Combining form

tumor

onc-o-logist

Front 53

PACHY-

Back 53

Combining form

thick

pachy-derm-a

Front 54

PSEUD-

Back 54

Combining form

false

pseud-arthr-itis

Front 55

PY-

Back 55

Combining form

pus

py-em-ia

Front 56

SARC-

Back 56

Combining form

flesh, soft tissue

sarc-o-lysis

Front 57

SPASM-

Back 57

Combining form

spasm, involuntary muscular contraction

neuro-spasm

Front 58

SPLEN-

Back 58

Combining form

spleen

splen-o-megal-ia

Front 59

STOM-, STOMAT-

Back 59

Combining form

mouth, opening

stomat-o-dyn-ia

Front 60

Nouns of the third declension

Back 60

are somewhat different from those of the first and second in that this class of nouns usually has two combining forms: one formed from the nominative singular (the dictionary form) and the other from a case other than the nominative. For this reason, greek dictionaries and vocabularies cite the genitive singular, which usually ends in -os, along with the nominative case of these nouns. The combining form is found by dropping the ending -os. Sometimes the base of the genitive case is the same as the nominative case: cheir, cheiros (hand), and there is only one combining form.

Front 61

-xxx-

Back 61

combining forms preceded by a hyphen (e.g., -em- are found only following a prefix or another combining form: anemia, leukemia, and so forth)

Front 62

cyst(i) refers to.....

Back 62

urinary bladder

Front 63

cholecyst refers to.....

Back 63

the gallbladder

Front 64

-stom(y)

Back 64

indicates a surgical procedure

Front 65

anastomosis

Back 65

the formation of a passage between any two normally distinct spaces or organs

Front 66

enteroenterostomy

Back 66

is the creation of a communication between two noncontiguous segments of the intestine

Front 67

colostomy

Back 67

the formation of a more or less permanent passage between the colon and the surface of the abdomen; this opening is called a stoma; the plural of stoma is stomata, or less preferably, stomas

Front 68

The word element to which the suffix -oma is affixed indicates either the location of the growth or its nature - give examples

Back 68

hepatoma - tumor of the liver
nephroma - tumor of a kidney
cholangioma - a tumor of the bile ducts
hemangioma - a tumor of the blood vessels
hematoma - a swelling that contains blood when ruptured blood vessels flood the nearby tissues
melanoma - a malignant tumor composed of cells of melanin, the substance that giives pigmentation to hair, skin, & other tissue.

Front 69

oncology

Back 69

the branch of medicine dealing with tumors

Front 70

Generally the form -cele is used as a suffixed elemenet of a word, usually means hernia, the protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it: examples

Back 70

gastrocele - hernia of the stomach
cystocele - hernia of the bladder
rectocele - hernia of the rectum in to the vagina

Front 71

Sometimes the word inding in -cele indicates a swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid: examples

Back 71

urocele - an accumulation of urine in the scrotal sac
hydrocele - accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike structure such as the scrotum in a newborn male child
galactocele - a milk-filled tumor caused by obstruction of a milk duct
keloid - a wscarlike growth of tissue ont he skin (kel- is an alternate form of cel-)

Front 72

The term cyst refers to either a cyst or the bladder.

Back 72

cystalgia - pain in the bladder
cholesystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecyst = gallbladder)

Front 73

Words beginning with, ending in or containing coli- refer to the colon bacillus E coli, named after the German physician theodor Escherich: examples

Back 73

colinephritis - inflammation of the kidney caused by the presence of E coli.

Front 74

Some words beginning with, ending in or containing -gaster refer to embryonic sructures: examples

Back 74

archigaster, epigaster

Front 75

You should always think critically about the Etymological Meaning.

Back 75

Be sure to read the etymological notes about -stomosis and -stomy. The -sis and -y on the end indicate a surgical procedure not a state or condition. Keep in mind that most noun-forming suffixes can mean state, condition, process or procedure. You should pick the one that is most appropriate and use it in the Etymological Meaning. Often you can tell which is most appropriate once you look at the dictionary meaning of the word. Every time you use a noun-forming suffix think critically about which definition you need. For example, with colostomy you want to give the meaning procedure for the noun-forming suffix -y.

Front 76

microbe - noun of the third declension

Back 76

The b in microbe is the only surviving part of the Greek noun bios. The final -e is an English noun-forming suffix.

Front 77

gaster-

Back 77

another form of gastr-