Medical Vocab: Lesson 12

Front 1

BILI-

Back 1

combining form

bile

bili-rub-in

Front 2

CARDI-

Back 2

combining form

cardia (upper orifice of the stomach)

cardi-o-esophag-eal

Front 3

CEC-

Back 3

combining form

[blind] cecum

cec-um

Front 4

CLY(S)-

Back 4

combining form

rinse out, inject fluid

cly-sis

Front 5

COPR-

Back 5

combining form

excrement, fecal matter

copr-o-lith

Front 6

CREAT-

Back 6

combining form

flesh

pan-creat-ic

Front 7

-DOCH-

Back 7

combining form

duct

chole-doch-al

Front 8

DUODEN-

Back 8

combining form

[12] duodenum

duoden-um

Front 9

ESOPHAG-

Back 9

combining form

esophagus

esophag-ism-us

Front 10

FEC-

Back 10

combining form

[sediment] excrement, fecal matter

fec-es

Front 11

GEUS(T)-

Back 11

combining form

taste

oxy-geus-ia

Front 12

GINGIV-

Back 12

combining form

gum (of the mouth)

gingiv-itis

Front 13

GLOSS-

Back 13

combining form

tongue


glosso-labi-al

Front 14

ILE-

Back 14

combining form

ileum

ile-um

Front 15

JEJUN-

Back 15

combining form

[empty] jejunum

jejunum

Front 16

LIEN-

Back 16

combining form

spleen

lien-o-cel-e

Front 17

LINGU-

Back 17

combining form

tongue

lingu-al

Front 18

OSM-

Back 18

combining form

sense of smell, odor

dys-osm-ia

Front 19

OSPHR-

Back 19

combining form

sense of smell

osphr-esis

Front 20

PEPS-, PEPT-

Back 20

combining form

digest

dys-peps-is

Front 21

PROCT-

Back 21

combining form

anus

proct-o-scopy

Front 22

PYLE-

Back 22

combining form

[gate] portal vein

pyle-thromb-osis

Front 23

PYLOR-

Back 23

combining form

[gate keeper] pylorus

pylor-ic

Front 24

RECT-

Back 24

combining form

[straight] rectum

rect-al

Front 25

SCAT-

Back 25

combining form

excrement, fecal matter

scat-o-logy

Front 26

SIAL-

Back 26

combining form

saliva, salivary duct

sial-o-syrinx

Front 27

SIGM-

Back 27

combining form

[sigma, the greek letter s] sigmoid colon

sigm-oid

Front 28

SPHINCTER-

Back 28

combining form

sphincter muscle

sphincter ani

Front 29

SPLANCHN-

Back 29

combining form

internal organ, viscus

splanchn-a

Front 30

TYPHL-

Back 30

combining form

[blind] cecum

typhl-o-pex-y

Front 31

ZYM-

Back 31

combining form

[leavan] ferment, enzyme, fermentation

en-zym-e

Front 32

metabolism

Back 32

the cells receive digested food, then change it into other compounds for use by the body

Front 33

What are the two processes of metabolism?

Back 33

anabolism and catabolism

Front 34

anabolism

Back 34

the constructive phase of metabolism, is the process by which simple substances are converted into complex substances and then into protoplasm (that is, the converson of nonliving material into living cellular material

Front 35

catabolism

Back 35

the destructive phase of metabolism, is the process by which complex substances are converted into simpler substances; it is usually accompanied by the release of energy.

Front 36

deglutition

Back 36

the process of swallowing food

Front 37

epiglottis

Back 37

a this structure of membranous cartilaage that folds over the larynx during deglutiion to prevent food from entering the larynx amnd moving into the respiratory passage.

Front 38

The upper orifice of the stomach is called

Back 38

the cardia (Greek, kardia-heart) because of its proximity to the heart

Front 39

pyrosis

Back 39

heartburn - disease condition with fever or burning

Front 40

The abdominopelvic cavity is lines with a serous membrance called

Back 40

peritoneum

Front 41

The outer surface of the peritoneum is called

Back 41

the parietal peritoneum (Latin paries, parietis - wall)

Front 42

The inner surface of the peritoneum is called

Back 42

the visceral peritoneum (

Front 43

Inflammation of the peritoneum is called

Back 43

pertonitis, which can originate form inflammation or infection of any of the peritoneal organs.

Front 44

A double fold of the peritoneal membrance is called

Back 44

mesentery

Front 45

Give two examples of mesenteric folds

Back 45

mesogastrium & mesoduadenum

Front 46

There are two other folds of the peritonium that are called by a different name. What is that name?

Back 46

Omenta (plural is Omentum) - these lie between the stomach and two other abdomincal visceral; one, the greater or gastrocolic omentum, is attached to the colon; and the other, the lesser or gastrohepatic omentum, is attached to the liver.

Front 47

The mass of digesting food is called

Back 47

chyme

Front 48

peristalsis

Back 48

the force that propels food throught he digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus

Front 49

duodenum

Back 49

the first of three divisions fo the small intestine

Front 50

jejunum

Back 50

the second of three divisions fo the small intestine

Front 51

ileum

Back 51

the third and last of three divisions fo the small intestine

Front 52

The large intestine consists of what three regions -

Back 52

cecum, colon, and rectum

Front 53

What is the appendix?

Back 53

an dead end tube that extends from the cecum with no apparent function

Front 54

liver

Back 54

one of the vital organs of the body that produces bile which is carred through the hepatic ducts to the gallbladder for storage

Front 55

choledocholithiases

Back 55

stones formed from an overconcentration of bile that are carried into the common bile duct and obstruct that passageway

Front 56

jaundice

Back 56

also known as icterus from the Greek ikteros - jaundice is a condition that manifests itself externally by a yellow staining of the skin caused by the deposition of bile pigments

Front 57

cholangitis

Back 57

inflammation of the left or right hepatic ducts

Front 58

Cholangiography is a radiographic examination of the hepatic ducts but this procedure has been replaced by -

Back 58

ultrasonography

Front 59

cholangiotomy

Back 59

surgery to remove stones from the common bile duct

Front 60

Inflammation of the common bile duct is called

Back 60

choledochitis

Front 61

If gallstones or concretions form in the gallbladder it is called

Back 61

cholelithiasis

Front 62

If it becomes necessary to create a passage between the common bile duct and the small intestine, a surgical prcedure called ________________________ is used

Back 62

choledochoenterostomy

Front 63

gastritis

Back 63

inflammation or erosion of the gastric mucosa

Front 64

What is the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Back 64

caused by neuroendocrine tumors, usually in the pancreas, which stimulate the stomach to secrete excessive amounts of dydrochloric acis and pepsin. AKA hypersecretory stat, and can cause PUD.

Front 65

PUD

Back 65

peptic ulcer disease

Front 66

What is the gram-negative bacterium that is etiologically related to most peptic ulcers and also to gastritis?

Back 66

Helicobacter pylori

Front 67

stomachus =

Back 67

gullet

Front 68

ventriculum =

Back 68

stomach

Front 69

transverse septum

Back 69

the membrance that connects the stomach, the spleen, and the liver

Front 70

Pylorus so named by the Greeks because

Back 70

like a gateway, it allows through to the lower parts whatever is to be excreted

Front 71

FYI

Back 71

read indented paragraphs regarding digestive organs p 154

Front 72

salmonella

Back 72

a form of gastroenteritis that is produced by the ingestion of food containing one or more of the Salmonella organisms (named after the american pathologist daniel e Salmon who first isolated the genus of these organisms)

Front 73

diverticula

Back 73

small puches or sacs formed by herniation of the wall of a canal or organ, occurring most frequently in the colon.

Front 74

diverticulosis

Back 74

the condition caused by this ususally found in patients over 40 and usually presents no complications`

Front 75

diverticulitis

Back 75

when the diverticula/pouchings become inflammed and filled with digested wastes

Front 76

colostomy

Back 76

an incision into the intestine to create an opeining to the surface of the abdomen through which fecal matter can be eliminated

Front 77

The pancreas gland is so named because

Back 77

it is entirely constituted of flesh without muscular tissues (Greek-pan meaning entire, all , every and kreas meaning flesh)

Front 78

hiatal hernia

Back 78

the protrusion of anyorgan, usually the stomach, upward through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm, that is, the opening of the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes.

Front 79

colostomy

Back 79

in incision into the intestine to create an opening to the surface of the abdomen through which fecal matter can be eliminated.

Front 80

The Greek noun zyme meant leave (Latin levare meaning raise) -- any substance that causes fermentaion in bread dough, fruit juice, and so forth. Words containing zym- refer to

Back 80

fermentation or to the presence of enzymes

Front 81

enzymes

Back 81

complex proteins, are catalysts, agents that induce chemical changes in other substances without being altered themselves.

Front 82

ptyalin

Back 82

secreted in the salivary glands; hydrolyzes starch

Front 83

pepsin and renin

Back 83

in teh gastric juice, act on protein

Front 84

steapsin

Back 84

present in pancreatic juice; hydrolyzes fat

Front 85

zymogen

Back 85

a substance that develops into an enzyme or ferment

Front 86

zymology

Back 86

the science of fermentation

Front 87

zymolysis

Back 87

refers to the changes produced by an enzyme

Front 88

sphincter

Back 88

from which the sphincter muscles get their name; related to the verb sphingein (bind tight); also sphinx (strangler, destroyer)

Front 89

Sphinx

Back 89

face of a woman, the breast , feet, and tail of a lion, and th wings of a bird. she posed a riddle to the Thebans: What has one voice and becomes four-footed, two-footed, and three-footed?Oedipus found the answer, declaring that man as an infant is four-footed, as an adult is two-footed, and as an old man gains a third foot in a staff.

Front 90

The ____________, which carries blood to the liver, is formed by the union of several veins of the visceral area.

Back 90

portal vein

Front 91

pyle (plural=pylai)

Back 91

gate or entrance

Front 92

pylemphraxis (not typically used)

Back 92

occlusion of the portal vein

Front 93

pylethormbosis

Back 93

portal vein thrombosis, can lead to massive gastrointestinal bleeding.

Front 94

Thermopylae

Back 94

hot gate, so called because of the hot sulphur springs there

Front 95

botulism

Back 95

a form of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Clostridium botulinum

Front 96

botulus (stuffed intestine or sausage)

Back 96

preserved meat