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205 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The determination of the cause of a disease
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Diagnosis
Diagnoses (pl) |
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Pertaining to or establishing a diagnosis
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diagnostic
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to make a diagnosis
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diagnose
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inflammation of the lining of the heart
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endocarditis
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the inside lining of the heart
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endocardium
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to bleed profusely
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hemorrhage
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abnormal sound heard on ascultation of the heart or blood vessels
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murmur
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an abnormally high body temperature
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pyrexia
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a small unit
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atom
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first 2 weeks of the developing embryo
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blastocyst
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the smallest unit capable of independent existence
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cell
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pertaining to a cell
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cellular
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study of the cell
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cytology
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union of a male sperm and a female egg
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fertilization
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pertaining to the care of the whole person in physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions
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holistic
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very small particle consisting of two or more atoms held tightly together
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molecule
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female egg cell
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oocyte
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structure with specific functions in a body system
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organ
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part of a cell having a specialized functions
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organelle
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collection of similar cells
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tissue
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collection of similar cell
Latin meaning- to weave |
tissue
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cell resulting from the union of the sperm and egg
Greek meaning- yolked |
zygote
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source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes
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deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) |
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substance that when dissolved ina suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles
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electrolyte
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chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
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hormone
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within the cell
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intracellular
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thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity
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membrane
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the constantly chaging physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell
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metabolism
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organelle that generates, stores, and releases energy for cell activities
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mitochondrian
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part of a cell having a specialized function
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organelle
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large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components
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steroid
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the buildup of complex substance in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism
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anabolism
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group of organic food compounds that includes sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose
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carbohydrate
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body in the nuclues that contains DNA and genes
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chromosome
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combination of carbohydrate and protein
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glycoprotein
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class of food substances based on amino acids
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protein
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front surface of the body
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anterior
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situated at the side
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collateral
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to bring together different structures into a harmonious function
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coordinate
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shaped like a cross
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cruciate
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tissue that covers surfaces or line cavities
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epithelium
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to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body
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excrete
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transplantation of living tissue
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graft
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structure and function of cells, tissues and organs
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histology
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band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures
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ligament
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a tissue consisting of contractile cells
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muscle
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thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint that is embedded in the patellar tendon. Also called the kneecap
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patella
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to produce a chemical substance in a cell and release it from the cell
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secrete
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bone-forming cell
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osteoblast
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bone-removing cell
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osteoclast
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bone-maintaining cell
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osteocyte
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fibrous band that connects muscle to bone
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tendon
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stability or equilibrium of a system or the bodys internal environment
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homeostasis
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increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element
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hypertrophy
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to bring together into a complete and harmonious whole
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integrate
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structure with specific functions in a body system
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organ
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microorganisms circulating in, and infecting, the blood
(blood poisoning) |
septicemia
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front surface of the body; situated in front
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anterior
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pertaining to or nearer the tail
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caudal
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pertaining to or nearer the head
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cephalic
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pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
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coronal
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situated away from the center of the body
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distal
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pertaining to the back or situated behind
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dorsal
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situated below
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inferior
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pertaining to the back surface of the body; situated behind
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posterior
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lying face-down, flat on your belly
Latin meaning- beding forward |
prone
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situated nearest the center of the body
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proximal
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pertaining to the vertical plane through the body, dividing in into right and left portions
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sagittal
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situated above
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superior
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lying face-up, flat on your spine
Latin- bend backward |
supine
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pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly
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ventral
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pathological change or injury in a tissue
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lesion
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forecasting of the probable course of a disease
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prognosis
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pertaining to the skin
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cutaneous
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black pigment found in skin, hair, retina
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melanin
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spread of a disease from one part of the body to another
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metastasis
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containing fat
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adipose
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major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone
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collagen
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spherical mass of cells containing a cavity or a small cul-de-sac, such as a hair follicle
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follicle
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tissue layer below the dermis
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hypodermis
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within the dermis
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intradermal
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within the muscle
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intramuscular
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any small projection
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papilla
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below the skin
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subcutaneous (same as hypodermic)
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going across or through the skin
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transdermal
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small, itchy swelling of the skin. wheals raised by an injection do not itch
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wheal (also called hives)
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small, itchy swelling of the skin. wheals raised by an injection do not itch
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wheal (also called hives)
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state of hypersensitivity to an allergen
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atopy
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state of hypersensitivity to an allergen
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atopy
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inflammation of the skin
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dermatitis
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inflammation of the skin
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dermatitis
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inflammatory skin disease often with a serous discharge
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eczema
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inflammatory skin disease often with a serous discharge
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eczema
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thicker and less transparent than water
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serous
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thicker and less transparent than water
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serous
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small sac containing liquidl; for example a blister
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vesicle
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small sac containing liquidl; for example a blister
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vesicle
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itching
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pruritus
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itching
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pruritus
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infection of many furuncles in a small area, often on the back of the neck
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carbuncle
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infection of many furuncles in a small area, often on the back of the neck
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carbuncle
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an infected hair follicle that spreads into the tissues around the follicle
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furuncle
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an infected hair follicle that spreads into the tissues around the follicle
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furuncle
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infection of the skin producing thick, yellow crusts
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impetigo
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infection of the skin producing thick, yellow crusts
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impetigo
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skin disease produced by mites
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scabies
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general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different species of fungi
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tinea
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wart caused by a virus
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verruca
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substance that takes away feeling and pain
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anesthetic
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medication against itching
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antipruritic
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Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles
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Acne
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break or tear of any organ or body part
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rupture
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medical name for the armpit
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axilla
axillae (pl) |
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deficient in oxygen
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hypoxic
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excessive collection of fluid in cells and tissues
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edema
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a cut or surgical wound
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incision
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a tear of the skin
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laceration
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large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells
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macrophage
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cell fragment involved in clotting process
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platelet
also called a thrombocyte |
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pertaining to the digestive tract
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alimentary
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treatment of obesity
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bariatric
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tube linking the pharynx and the stomach
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esophagus
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instrument for viewing
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-scope
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the act of swallowing
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deglutition
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waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract
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perstalsis
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to release or give off, as substances produced by cells
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secrete
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protein that induces change in other substances
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enzyme
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to chew
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masticate
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enzyme that dissolves the cell walls of bacteria
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lysozyme
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underneath the tongue
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sublingual
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departure fromt he normal experienced by a patient
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symptom
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white
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leuk/o
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pus
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py/o
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the act of swallowing
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deglutition
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difficulty in swallowing
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dysphagia
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leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off larynx during swallowing
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epiglottis
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backward flow
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reflux
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semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum
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chyme
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the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length
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duodenum
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HCI is the acid of gastric juice
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hydrochloric acid (HCI)
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"upset stomach," epigastric pain, nausea, and gas
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dyspepsia
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relating to the stomach and duodenum
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peptic
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hollow, walled, internal organ
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viscus
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internal organs, particularly in the abdomen
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viscera
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pertaining to the internal organs
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visceral
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thin, hairlike projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity
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villus
villi (pl) |
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formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
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glucogenesis
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the body's principall carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscle
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glycogen
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protein formed by the liver and converted to thrombin in the blood-clotting mechanism
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prothrombin
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dangerously high levels of iron in the body with deposition of iron pigments in tissues
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hemochromatosis
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blood vessel, lymph vessel
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angi/o
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pertaining to liver cells
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hepatocellular
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liver
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hepat/o-root or combining form
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bile
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chol/e- root or combining form
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bile
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gall- root
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a fatty substance with a single fatty acid
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monoglyceride
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substance with two fatty acids
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diglyceride
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substance with three fatty acids
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triglyceride
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simplest form of sugar; for example, glucose
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monosaccharide
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a combination of many saccharides; for example, starch
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polysaccharide
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one
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mono- prefix
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two
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di- prefix
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three
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tri- prefix
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many
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poly- prefix
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hormone produced by duodenum to stimulate pancreatic juice
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secretin
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enzyme that breaks down protein
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trypsin
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a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion and secretes it into the bloodstream
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endocrine gland
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a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts
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exocrine gland
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an acid obtained from the hydrolysis of fats
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fatty acid
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general term for all types of fatty compounds; for example, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids
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lipid
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relating to the abdominal cavity
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celiac
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disease caused by sensitivity to gluten
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celiac disease
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disease with diarrhea, bowel spasms, fever, and dehydration
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dysentery
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inflammation of the stomach and intestines
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gastroenteritis
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any disease of the nervous system
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neuropathy
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a bend in a structure
Latin meaning- bend |
flexure
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spread of a disease from one part of the body to another
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metastasis
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lesion from which a cancer can develop
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precancerous
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the interiour space of a tubelike structure
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lumen
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instrument for examining the inside of a tubular or hollow organ
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endoscope
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artificial opening
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stoma
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pertaining to, or condition caused by, a stroke or epilepsy
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ictal
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record of the electrical activity of the brain
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electroencephalogram
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device used to record the electrical activity of the brain
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electroencephalograph
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pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurologic disorder
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electroneurodiagnostic
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in a state of muscular contraction
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tonic
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pertaining to the division of autonomic nervous system. Calms the body
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parasympathetic
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pertaining to the part of the autonomic nervous system operating at the unconscious level. Arouses the body for action
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sympathetic
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technical term for a nerve cell; consists of the cell body with its dendrites and axons
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neuron
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collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS (central nervous system)
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ganglion
ganglia (pl) |
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single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body
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axon
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branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli
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dendrite
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natural substance in the brain that has the same effect as opium
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dopamine
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material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve
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myelin
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junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell; where electical impulses are transmitted between the cells
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synapse
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single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body
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axon
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branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli
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dendrite
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natural substance in the brain that has the same effect as opium
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dopamine
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material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve
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myelin
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junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell; where electical impulses are transmitted between the cells
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synapse
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a selective mechanism that protects the brain from toxins and infections
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blood-brain barrier (BBB)
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fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds the brain and spinal chord
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cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) |
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regions of the brain and spinal chord occupied by cell bodies and dendrites
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gray matter
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regions of the brain and spinal chord occupied by bundles of axons
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white matter
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process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory
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cognition
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