Medical Terms Unit 1

Front 1

Abdominocentesis

Back 1

Procedure in which fluid is removed from the abdomin

Front 2

Angiography

Back 2

Radiography of blood or lymph vessels

Front 3

Appendectomy

Back 3

Surgical removal of the appendix

Front 4

Anteriosclerosis

Back 4

Thickening or hardening of the arterial walls

Front 5

Arthralgia

Back 5

Pain in a joint

Front 6

Colostomy

Back 6

An operation where colon is shortened to remove damage

Front 7

Cyanosis

Back 7

Bluish discoloration of the skin

Front 8

Edema

Back 8

Excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities; "dropsy"

Front 9

Endarterial

Back 9

Intima of an artery

Front 10

Eponym

Back 10

Name or noun formed after a persons invention, idea or place

Front 11

Erythrocyte

Back 11

A red blood cell

Front 12

Fistula

Back 12

Abnormal or surgical passage between hollow, tubular organs

Front 13

Gastralgia

Back 13

Abdominal pain; "stomach ache"

Front 14

Gastritis

Back 14

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach

Front 15

Hepatomegaly

Back 15

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

Front 16

Hypotension

Back 16

Abnormally low blood pressure

Front 17

Hypertension

Back 17

Abnormally high blood pressure

Front 18

Interstitial

Back 18

Of forming or occupying interstices

Front 19

Intramuscular

Back 19

Situated, taking place within the muscle

Front 20

Malaise

Back 20

General feeling of discomfort

Front 21

Mycosis

Back 21

Disease caused by fungal infection

Front 22

Erythrocite

Back 22

Red blood cell

Front 23

Fistula

Back 23

Surgical, or abnormal channel between two tubular organs

Front 24

Gastralgia

Back 24

Stomach ache

Front 25

Gastroenteritis

Back 25

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Front 26

Mycosis

Back 26

Funal infection

Front 27

Myelopathy

Back 27

Injury to spinal cord caused by severe compression

Front 28

Myopathy

Back 28

Disease affecting the muscles that control voluntary movement

Front 29

Neurorrhaphy

Back 29

Surgical suturing of divided nerve

Front 30

Poliomyelitis

Back 30

Polio. Caused by polio virus. Infection of central nervous system that can result in permanent paralysis

Front 31

Pyoderma

Back 31

Pus in the skin

Front 32

Pyrosis

Back 32

Heartburn

Front 33

Supination

Back 33

Palms facing outwards

Front 34

Suppuration

Back 34

Discharging of pus from a wound/sore

Front 35

Supracostal

Back 35

Situated above or on the outside of the ribs

Front 36

Tenorrhaphy

Back 36

Suturing of torn tendon

Front 37

Caudal

Back 37

Tailbone

Front 38

Anaplasia

Back 38

Loss of mature or specialized cells or tissue. Malignant tumors

Front 39

Adenoma

Back 39

Non-cancerous tumor

Front 40

Aplasia

Back 40

Organ, tissue or body part that did not develop normally

Front 41

Artresia

Back 41

Orfice or passage abnormally closed or absent

Front 42

Distal

Back 42

Situated away from the body

Front 43

Dorsal

Back 43

Situated at the back

Front 44

Ventral

Back 44

Situated on underbelly

Front 45

Epigastric

Back 45

Upper central region of the abdomin

Front 46

Etiology

Back 46

Cause of a disease or condition

Front 47

Histology

Back 47

Microscopic study ot tissues and organs

Front 48

Hyperplasia

Back 48

Increased cell production in normal tissue / organ

Front 49

Iatrogenic

Back 49

Disease or injury sustained from surgery or medical treatment

Front 50

Idiopathic

Back 50

Disease that appears for seemingly no reason

Front 51

Inguinal

Back 51

Groin

Front 52

Mesentry

Back 52

Fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to wall around stomach, holding it in place

Front 53

Nosocomial

Back 53

Disease picked up in hospital

Front 54

Peritoneum

Back 54

Membrane lining abdominal cavity

Front 55

Proximal

Back 55

Situated nearer the center of the body

Front 56

Retroperitonial

Back 56

Abdominal space located behind the abdominal or peritonial cavity

Front 57

Acetabulum

Back 57

Socket of hip bone

Front 58

Allogenic

Back 58

Taken from different individuals of the same species

Front 59

Ankylosing spondylitis

Back 59

Arthritis of the spine

Front 60

Arthrodesis

Back 60

Surgery that fuses to bones in a diseased joint do the joint no longer moves

Front 61

Subluxation

Back 61

Partial dislocation

Front 62

Spondylosis

Back 62

Painful condition of the spine, degeneration of intervertebral discs

Front 63

Spondylolisthesis

Back 63

Displacement of a vertebrae

Front 64

Spinal stenosis

Back 64

Narrowing of spinal passage, causing pressure and issues with spinal cord

Front 65

Rickets

Back 65

More frequent in children. Softening of the bones which may cause distortion and bow legs. Cause is vitamin D deficiency.

Front 66

Radiculopathy

Back 66

Pinched nerve

Front 67

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Back 67

Inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness. Usually in shoulders and hips

Front 68

Paget's disease

Back 68

Chronuc disorder that causes bones to grow larger and become weaker than normal

Front 69

Crepitation

Back 69

Crackling/grating sound/sensation due to friction between bone and cartilage

Front 70

Costochondritis

Back 70

Inflammation of the upper costochondral and sternocostal joints

Front 71

Chondromalacia

Back 71

When the cartilage inside a joint softens and breaks down

Front 72

Arthroscopy

Back 72

An instrument which the interior of a joint may be inspected or operated on

Front 73

Autologous

Back 73

Cells or tissues obtained from the same individual

Front 74

Avascular necrosis

Back 74

Disease resulting from temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone

Front 75

Callus

Back 75

Thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue. The bony healing tissue which forms around the ends of a broken bone

Front 76

Fat embolus

Back 76

When 1 or more fat particles enter the bloodstream and block circulation through the blood vessels

Front 77

Hallux valgus

Back 77

Bunion

Front 78

Osteopenia

Back 78

Condition where the protein and mineral content of bone tissue is reduced, but less severely than osteoporosis

Front 79

Osteomyelitis

Back 79

Inflammation of the bone or bone marrow

Front 80

Osteomalacia

Back 80

Softening of the bones usually due to vitamin d deficiency

Front 81

Osteochondroma

Back 81

Overgrowth of cartilage and bone at the end of the bone near the growth plates. Affects long bones of the leg, pelvis and shoulder blade

Front 82

Osteitis

Back 82

Inflammation of bone

Front 83

Myeloma

Back 83

Malignant tumor of the bone marrow

Front 84

Manubrium

Back 84

Upper portion of sternum, which clavicle and forst ribs attach to

Front 85

Malleolus

Back 85

Bony projection with shape likened to hammerhead, on each side of ankle

Front 86

Lumbago

Back 86

Pain in muscles and joints of lower back

Front 87

Lordosis

Back 87

Excessive inward curvature of the spine

Front 88

Laminectomy

Back 88

Surgical operation to remove the back of one or more vertebrae, usually to give access to the spinal cord and relieve pressure on nerves

Front 89

Hematopoietic

Back 89

Process of creating a wide variety of blood and bone marrow cells

Front 90

Hemarthrosis

Back 90

Bleeding into joint spaces

Front 91

Synovectomy

Back 91

Procedure where synovial tissue removed from joint

Front 92

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Back 92

Minimally invasive procedure where bone cement inserted into the compressed and fractured vertebrae to provide mechanical stabilization

Front 93

Pathologic fracture

Back 93

Force or impact didn't cause bone to break, leaves bones weak and brittle

Front 94

Open fracture (compound)

Back 94

Bone breaks through skin

Front 95

Compression Fracture

Back 95

Type of broken bone that cause vertebrae to collapse, making them shorter

Front 96

Lithotomy

Back 96

Surgical incision for removal of a stone

Also:

Examination position in which female is laying on her back with her feet and legs raised in stirrups

Front 97

Xeroderma

Back 97

Various diseases characterized by extreme dry skin

Front 98

Zygote

Back 98

Fertilized ovum

Front 99

Flatus

Back 99

Gas

Front 100

Pyelotomy

Back 100

Surgical incision into the renal pelvis to remove obstructions aka kidney stone

Front 101

Ileum

Back 101

Last and largest portion of the small intestine

Front 102

Ilium

Back 102

Part of the hip bone

Front 103

Erythema

Back 103

Redness

Front 104

Hyperthermia

Back 104

Overheated

Front 105

Communicable disease

Back 105

Illnesses that spread from person to person, from an animal or person, or from a surface or a food

Front 106

Endocrine glands

Back 106

Glands which secrete hormones or other products into the blood

Front 107

Exocrine glands

Back 107

Glands which secret products through ducts opening on to an epithelium (sweat, tears, oil)

Front 108

Hemophilia

Back 108

Ondition where blood clotting ability is severely reduced

Front 109

Hypoplasia

Back 109

Underdeveloped/ incomplete development of a tissue or organ

Front 110

Medial

Back 110

Situated in the middle

Front 111

Superior

Back 111

Uppermost, above, toward the head

Front 112

Inferior

Back 112

Lower most, below, toward the feet

Front 113

Genome

Back 113

Complete set of genetic info of an organism

Front 114

Chromosome

Back 114

Genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA molecules containing body's genes

Front 115

Somatic cell

Back 115

Any cell in body except for gametes (sex cells). Somatic = pertaining to body. Contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.

Front 116

Gamete

Back 116

Sperm/ egg. Sex cells. Only cells that don't contain 46 chromosomes. Each contain 23 single chromosomes.

Front 117

Adenosis

Back 117

Any disease or condition of a gland

Front 118

Vecter borne transmission

Back 118

Insect bite

Front 119

Indirect contact transmission

Back 119

Infected by contaminated surface (wsh hands to prevent)

Front 120

Direct transmission

Back 120

Human to human contact in form of touch or exchange of bodily fluids

Front 121

Communicable disease

Back 121

Transmitted from person to person either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated object

Front 122

Organic disorder

Back 122

Produces symptoms that are detected physically

Front 123

Functional disorder "non-organic"

Back 123

Produces physical symptoms for which no disease/ organic cause can be identified

Front 124

Congenital disorder

Back 124

An abnormal condition existing at birth

Front 125

Osteoclast

Back 125

Cells that breakdown old/damaged bone. Osteoblasts rebuild it

Front 126

Osteoblast

Back 126

Cells that rebuild bone tissue after osteoclasts break it down

Front 127

Periosterum

Back 127

Tough, fibrous tissue forming outermost cover of bone

Front 128

Compact bone

Back 128

Dense, hard and very strong

Front 129

Medullary cavity

Back 129

Central cavity found in shafts of long bones, where red and yellow bone marrow is stored

Front 130

Diaphysis

Back 130

Shaft of a long bone

Front 131

Epiphysis

Back 131

Wider ends of a bone

Front 132

Foramen

Back 132

Opening in a bone

Front 133

A process

Back 133

Normal projection on a bone, serves as attachment for muscle or tendon

Front 134

Fibrous joints

Back 134

Inflexible layers of dense connective tissue

Front 135

Fontanelles

Back 135

Soft spots in skull of newborn

Front 136

Ossicles

Back 136

3 tiny bones in ear

Front 137

Hyoid bone

Back 137

Throat