Medical Termonology Ch7

Front 1

Arteriole

Back 1

Small Artery

Front 2

Calyx or Calix

Back 2

Cup-like collection region of the renal pelvis

Front 3

Catheter

Back 3

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

Front 4

Cortex

Back 4

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the out region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)

Front 5

Creatinine

Back 5

Nitrogenous waste extreted in urine.

Front 6

Creatine Clearance

Back 6

is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood.

Front 7

Electrolyte

Back 7

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary for funtioning of muscles and nerves. The kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (NA+) are electrolytes

Front 8

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 8

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow.-poietin means a substance that forms

Front 9

Filtratation

Back 9

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. In the kidney, blood pressures forces materials through the filter (glomerulus). ABout 180 quarts of fluid are filtered from the blood daily, but the kidney returns 98% to 99% of the water and salts. Only about 1.5 quarts (1500mL) of urine are excreted daily.

Front 10

Glomerular Capsule

Back 10

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of glomerulus

Front 11

Glomerulus

Back 11

Tiny vball of capillaries (microscoping blood vessels) in the kidney.

Front 12

Hilum

Back 12

Despression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Front 13

Kidney

Back 13

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

Front 14

Meatus

Back 14

Opening or canal

Front 15

Medulla

Back 15

Inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)

Front 16

Nephron

Back 16

Combimnnation of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

Front 17

Nitrogenous waste

Back 17

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

Front 18

Potassium (K+)

Back 18

An electrolyte regulated bythe kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses

Front 19

Reabsorption

Back 19

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Front 20

Renal Artery

Back 20

Blood vessel that caries blood to the kidney

Front 21

Renal Pelvis

Back 21

Central collection region in the kidney

Front 22

Renal Tubule

Back 22

Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Front 23

Renal Vein

Back 23

Blood vessel thatcarries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Front 24

Renin

Back 24

Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasocontriction (Narrowing of blood vessels)

Front 25

Sodium (Na+)

Back 25

An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve imulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

Front 26

Trigone

Back 26

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

Front 27

Urea

Back 27

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 28

Ureter

Back 28

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Front 29

Urethra

Back 29

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 30

Uric Acid

Back 30

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Front 31

Urinary Bladder

Back 31

Holllow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Front 32

Urination (VOIDING)

Back 32

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition

Front 33

Glomerulonephritis

Back 33

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

Front 34

Interstitial Nephritis

Back 34

Inflammation of the connective tissue and lies between the renal tubules

Front 35

Nephrolithiasis

Back 35

Kidney stones (renal calculi)

Front 36

Nephrotic Syndrome (nephrosis)

Back 36

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Front 37

Two Important signs of nephrotic syndrome are _____ and _____.

Back 37

Edema
Hypoalbuminemia

Front 38

Polycystic kidney disease

Back 38

Multiple fluid filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Front 39

Pyelonephritis

Back 39

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma (essential and distinctive tissue)

Front 40

Renal cell carcinome (Hypernephroma)

Back 40

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

Front 41

Renal Failure

Back 41

Kidney decrease excretition of wastes as a result of impared filtration function

Front 42

Renal Hypertension

Back 42

High Blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 43

Renal Hypertension is the most common type of ______

Back 43

Secondary hypertension

Front 44

Chronic essential hyper tension causes

Back 44

Arterial and arteriolar damage, portentially resulting in stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or renal failure

Front 45

Wilms tumor

Back 45

Malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in the childhood

Front 46

Bladder cancer

Back 46

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Front 47

Disbetes insipidus

Back 47

Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect

Front 48

Disbetes mellitus

Back 48

Insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body

Front 49

Blood Urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 49

measurement of urea levels in blood

Front 50

Creatinine clearance

Back 50

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

Front 51

CT scan

Back 51

Xray images show multiple cross-sectional and other view of organs and tissues

Front 52

Kidney, urters, and bladder

Back 52

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters and bladder

Front 53

Renal Angiography

Back 53

Xray examination (without contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney.

Front 54

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Back 54

Xray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the urters from the bladder

Front 55

Voiding cystourethrogram

Back 55

X ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is boiding

Front 56

Ultrasonography

Back 56

Imaging of urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves

Front 57

Radioisotope scane

Back 57

Image of the kidney after injecting a radioactive substance into the bloodstream

Front 58

Magnetic resonance imaging

Back 58

Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surround structures in three planes of the body

Front 59

Cystoscopy

Back 59

Direct visulation of the urthra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

Front 60

Creattine clearance is a useful inficator of the ______, which normally is 90 to 120 mL/minute

Back 60

Glomerular filtration rate

Front 61

Hemodialysis

Back 61

uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste filled blood from the patient's blood stream, filters it, and treturns the dialyzed blood to the patient's body

Front 62

Atrteriovenous fistula

Back 62

(communication b/t an artery and vein) is created surgically to provide access for hemodialysis

Front 63

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)

Back 63

uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

Front 64

Lithotripsy

Back 64

Urinary tract stones are crushed

Front 65

Renal angioplasty

Back 65

Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Front 66

Renal biopsy

Back 66

Removal of kindye tissue for microscopic examination

Front 67

Extracorporeal Method

Back 67

uses shock waves firected toward the stone from the outside of the body (ESWL=extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)

Front 68

Renal Transplation

Back 68

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Front 69

Urinary Catheterization

Back 69

Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

Front 70

Foley Catheter

Back 70

Indwelling catheter held in place by a balloon inflated with liquid

Front 71

Cali/o, and calic/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 71

1) Calyx (calix)
2) Caliectasis
3) Dilation of calyx

Front 72

Cyst/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 72

1) Urinary Bladder
2) Cystitis
3) Inflammation of the Urinary Bladder

Front 73

Glomerul/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 73

1) glomerulus
2) glomerular cpasule
3) pertaining to the glomerulus

Front 74

Meat/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 74

1) Meatus
2) Meatal Stenosis
3) Narrowing of meatus

Front 75

Nephr/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 75

1) Kidney
2) Paranephric
3) Pertaining to near the kidney

Front 76

Pyel/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 76

1) Renal Pelvis
2) Pyelolithotomy
3) Incision to remove store from the renal plaque

Front 77

Ren/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 77

1) Kidney
2) Renal Ischemia
3) Holding back of blood flow to kidney

Front 78

Trigon/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 78

1) Ureter
2) Uretroplasty
3) SUrgical repair of the ureter

Front 79

Urethro/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 79

1) Urethra
2) Urethritis
3) Inflammation of the urethra

Front 80

Vesic/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 80

1) Urinary Bladder
2) Untravesical
3) Below the Urinary Bladder

Front 81

Albumin/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 81

1) Albumin ( A protein in the blood)
2) Albuminuria
3) Protein in the urine

Front 82

Azot/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 82

1) Nitrogen
2) Azotemia
3) Nitrogen in the blood

Front 83

Bacteri/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 83

1) Bacteria
2) Bacteriuria
3) Bacteria in the urine

Front 84

Dips/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 84

1) Thirst
2) Polydipsia
3) Conidition of increased thirst

Front 85

Kal/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 85

1) Potassium
2) Hyperkalemia
3) Increase of potassium in the blood

Front 86

Ket/o, Keton/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 86

1) Ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
2) Ketosis
3) Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood

Front 87

Lith/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 87

1) Stone
2) Nephrolithiasis
3) Abnormal condition of kidney stones

Front 88

Natr/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 88

1) Sodium
2) Hyponatremia
3) Low sodium in the blood

Front 89

Noct/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 89

1) Night
2) Nocturia
3) Urination at night

Front 90

Oligo/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 90

1) Scanty
2) Oliguria
3) Scanty urination

Front 91

-poietin:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 91

1) substances that forms
2) Erythropoietin
3) Hormones secreted by the kidney, to inc RBC in the bone marrow

Front 92

Py/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 92

1) Pus
2) Pyuria
3) Pus in the urine

Front 93

-tripsy:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 93

1) Crushing
2) Lithotripsy
3) Crushing of stones

Front 94

Ur/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 94

1) Urine (urea)
2) Uremia
3) Urine in the blood

Front 95

Urin/o:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 95

1) Urine.
2) Urinary Incontinence
3) Inability to hold back urine

Front 96

-Uria:
1) Meaning?
2) Example?
3) Definition?

Back 96

1) Urination; urine condition
2) Dysuria
3) Painful urination

Front 97

Enuresis

Back 97

Bed wetting