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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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balan/o
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penis
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orch/o
orchid orchi/o |
testis
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prostat/o
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prostate gland
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scrot/o
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scrotum
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urethr/o
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urethra
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vas/o
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vas deferens
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BPH
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benign prostatic hyperplasia - noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland
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cryptorchism
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condition of undescended testis. The testis is not in the scrotal sac at birth.
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hydrocele
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sac of clear fluid in the scrotum.
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prostatic carcinoma
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cancer of the prostate gland
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STD
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sexually transmitted disease
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testicular carcinoma
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malignant tumor of the testis
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Varicocele
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Enlarged, swollen veins near a testicle
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DRE
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digital rectal examination - examination of the prostate gland with finger palpation through the rectum
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PSA
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prostate-specific antigen - measurement of the amt of PSA in the blood. Higher than normal levels are associated with prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer.
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semen analysis
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measurement of the number, shape, and motility of sperm cells.
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orchiopexy
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surgical fixation of an undescended testicle in a young male infant.
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TURP
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transurethral resection of the prostate gland - the removal of portions of the prostate gland with an endoscope inserted into the urethra.
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photoselective vaporization of the prostate
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newer technique that uses a laser to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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vasectomy
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procedure in which the vas deferens on each side is cut, a piece is removed, and the free ends are folded and ligated with sutures. Vasectomy produces sterilization so that sperm are not released with semen.
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GU
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genitourinary
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spondyl/o
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vertebra
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ankylosing spondylitis
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chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine and hip
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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compression of the median nerve as it passes btw the ligament and bones and tendons of the wrist
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gouty arthritis
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inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid
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muscular dystrophy
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an inherited disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers
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Osteoporosis
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decrease in bone density with thinning and weakening of bone
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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chronic inflammation of joints; pain, swelling, and stiffening especially in the small joints of the hands and feet.
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ANA test
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Antinuclear antibody test - test in which a sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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arthrocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint.
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Arthrography
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X-ray imaging of a joint
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Arthroscopy
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visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope
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bone density test
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low energy X-ray are used to image bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to detect areas of bone deficiency
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Bone scan
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Procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected intravenously and its uptake in bones is measured with a special scanning device.
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EMG
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Electromyography - recording of the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate - measurement of the rate at which RBC fall to the bottom of the test tube. High sedimentation associated with inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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muscle biopsy
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the removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination.
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uric acid test
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measurement of the amount of uric acid in a sample of blood. High uric acid levels are associated with gout
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arthroplasty
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surgical repair of a joint.
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chemonucleolysis
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treatment of the herniated disk by injection of chymopapain to dissolve the inner portion of the disk.
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Endoscopic diskectomy
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Surgical removal of a herniated inter-vertebral disk with an endoscope
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Laminectomy
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Surgical removal of a portion of a vertebra to allow visualization and removal of a portion of a protruding disk
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Microscopic diskectomy
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surgical removal of a herniated inter-vertebral disk with an incision that is 1-2 inches long and visualization of the surgical field with an operating microscope
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Vertebroplasty
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surgical repair of vertebrae. Special cement is injected into compressed backbones to strengthen them and to relieve pain.
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ACL
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Anterior cruciate ligament (of the knee)
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C1-C7
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cervical vertebrae
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L1-L5
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Lumbar vertebrae
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Ortho
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Orthopedics
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PT
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Physical therapy
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ROM
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Range of motion
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T1-T12
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Thoracic vertebrae
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AD
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Alzheimer disease - brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity
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CVA
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Cerebrovascular accident - damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of blood supply to brain tissue, or a stroke
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Concussion
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Blunt injury to the brain severe enough to cause loss of consciousness.
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Epilepsy
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chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.
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Glioblastoma
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Malignant brain tumor arising from glial cells
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Hemiplegia
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paralysis that affects the right or left half of the body
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Meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges
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MS
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Multiple sclerosis - destruction of myelin sheath on nerve cells in the central nervous system, with replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue.
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Paraplegia
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Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body.
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Syncope
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fainting, sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate flow of blood to the brain.
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cerebral angiography
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X-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the injection of contrast material into an artery
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CSF analysis
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cerebrospinal fluid analysis - chemical tests, cell counts, culture, and bacterial smears on samples of CSF to detect diseases of the brain.
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EEG
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electroencephalography - the recording of the electrical activity within the brain
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LP
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Lumbar puncture - pressure of CSF is measured and contrast may be injected for imaging after removal of CSF from a space btw the lumbar vertebrae.
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Stereotactic radiosurgery
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Placement in the skull of a stereotactic instrument that locates a target in the brain.
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TENS
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transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - a battery-powered device delivers stimulation to nerves to relieve acute and chronic pain.
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack - temporary interference with blood supply to the brain.
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cyan/o
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blue
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phren/o
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diaphragm
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Asphyxia
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extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness or death.
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Asthma
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Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction.
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Atelectasis
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collapsed lung
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Emphysema
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hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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Hemoptysis
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spitting up of blood
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Hemothorax
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Blood in the pleural cavity
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Pneumoconiosis
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abnormal condition of dust in the lungs.
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Bronchoscopy
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Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope
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Laryngoscopy
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visual examination of the larynx via the placement of a flexible tube through the nose or mouth and into the larynx.
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Pulmonary angiography
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X-ray images are taken of the blood vessels in the lung after the injection of contrast material into a blood vessel.
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PFTs
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Pulmonary function tests - measurement of the ventilation of the lungs.
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Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans
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procedures that show air flow and blood supply to the lungs via the distribution of radioactive material in the lung tissue after it is injected or inhaled.
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Sputum test
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analyze sputum for bacterial content
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Tuberculin test
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agents are applied to the skin with punctures or injection and the reaction is noted
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Endotracheal intubation
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A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway during surgery and for placement on a respirator
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Thoracentesis
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A needle is inserted through the skin btw the ribs and into the pleural space to drain a pleural effusion
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Thoracotomy
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Incision of the chest to remove a lung or a portion of a lung.
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Tracheostomy
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creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway.
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COPD
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CXR
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Chest X-ray
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PE
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Pulmonary embolism - blockage of vessels in the lung by a blood clot
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PFTs
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pulmonary function tests
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SOB
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Shortness of breath
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URI
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Upper respiratory infection
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VATS
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Video-assisted thoracic surgery
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aur/o
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ear
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myring/o
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eardrum
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tympan/o
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eardrum
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ocul/o
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eye
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onych/o
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nail
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phak/o
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lens of the eye
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pil/o
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hair
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trich/o
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hair
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ungu/o
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nail
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alopecia
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absence of hair from areas where it normally grows, baldness.
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cataract
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clouding of the lens of the eye, causing impairment of vision or blindness.
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conjunctivitis
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inflammation of the conjunctiva
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glaucoma
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increase in pressure within the chamber at the front of the eye.
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Melanoma
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malignant tumor of pigmented cells that arises from nevus in the skin.
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Nevus
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pigmented lesion in or on the skin, a mole
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Sty (Stye)
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Pus-filled infection of glands near the eyelid (most often caused by bacteria)
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Tinnitus
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Abnormal noise (ringing, buzzing, roaring) sound in the ears
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Allergy test
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procedure in which allergy-causing substance are placed on the skin and a reaction is noted.
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Bacterial and fungal tests
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procedures in which samples from skin lesions are taken to determine the presence of bacterial infection
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Fluorescein angiography
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fluorescein is injected intravenously and the movement of blood is observed by opthalmoscopy. It is used to detect diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy and also degeneration of the macular area of the retina.
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Opthalmoscopy
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visual examination of the interior of the eye
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Otoscopy
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Visual examination of the interior of the ear
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Skin biopsy
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procedure in which samples of skin lesions are removed and sent to the pathology laboratory for microscopic examination.
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Slit-lamp microscopy
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procedure in which the anterior eye structures are microscopically examined with an instrument called slit lamp
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Tuning fork tests
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procedure in which a vibration source is placed in front of the opening to the ear to test air conduction of sound waves
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ENT
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Ear, Nose, Throat
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PERRLA
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pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation.
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VA
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visual acuity (clarity of vision)
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VF
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visual field
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder
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vesic/o
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urinary bladder
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pyel/o
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renal pelvis
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albuminuria
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abnormal condition of protein in the urine
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Anuria
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Abnormal condition of no urine production
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Dysuria
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painful urination
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Glycosuria
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Abnormal condition of glucose in the urine
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Hematuria
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Abnormal condition of blood in the urine.
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Nephrolithiasis
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Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney
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Uremia
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Condition of high levels of urea in the blood.
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BUN
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Blood urea nitrogen - measures the amount of urea in the blood
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Cystoscopy
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Visual examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope
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KUB
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Kidneys, ureters, bladder - Xray image of the kidneys and urinary tract without the use of contrast.
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RP
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Retrograde pyelogram - contrast material is injected via a catheter into the urethra and bladder and x-ray filmsare taken of the urethra, bladder and ureters.
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VCUG
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Voiding cystourethrogram - X-ray films of the bladder and urethra taken after the bladder is filled with a contrast material and while the patient is expelling.
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Urography
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X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material, pyelography.
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Dialysis
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Waste materials are separated from the blood by a machine
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ESWL
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Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy - Shock waves are beamed into a patient to crush urinary tract stones.
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urinary catheterization
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a catheter is passed through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for short-term or long-term drainage of urine.
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ARF
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Acute renal failure
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CAPD
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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
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CRF
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chronic renal failure
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HD
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Hemodialysis
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RP
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retrograde pyelogram
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UA
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Urinalysis
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