Medical Terminology; Vocabulary I

Front 1

bowman's capsule

Back 1

enclosing structure that surrounds each glomerulus

Front 2

arteriole

Back 2

small atery

Front 3

calix
calyx

Back 3

cup like collecting regions of the renal pelvis

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cortex

Back 4

outer region

Front 5

creatinine

Back 5

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine; product of muscle metabolism

Front 6

creatinine clearance

Back 6

measure of the efficiency of kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

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electrolyte

Back 7

chemical element that carries electrical charge when dissolved in water

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erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 8

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

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filtration

Back 9

passive process by which some substances pass through a filter or other material

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glomerulus

Back 10

tiny ball of capillaries in the renal cortex

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hilium

Back 11

depression or hollow in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter or leave

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kidney

Back 12

kidney bean shaped organs, located bilaterally of the spine in the lumbar region

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meatus

Back 13

opening or canal

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medulla

Back 14

inner region

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nephron

Back 15

combination of glomerulus and renal tube where absorbition and secretion take place in the kidney

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nitrogenous waste

Back 16

substance secreted in the urine

Front 17

potassium
K+

Back 17

electrolyte important to body processes

Front 18

reabsorbtion

Back 18

process in which renal tubules return materials into the blood stream

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renal artery

Back 19

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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renal pelvis

Back 20

central collecting area of the kidney

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renal tubule

Back 21

microscopic tube in the kidney in which urine is formed after blood filtration

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renal vein

Back 22

blood vessel that carries filtered blood away from the kidney

Front 23

renin

Back 23

an enzymatic hormone sythesized, stored and secreted by the kidney; influences vasoconstriction to raise blood pressure

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sodium
NA+

Back 24

an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine through the kidneys

Front 25

trigone

Back 25

trisngular area of the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits

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urea

Back 26

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 27

ureter

Back 27

tube leading the the kidney to the urinary bladder

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urethra

Back 28

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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uric acid

Back 29

a nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 30

urinary bladder

Back 30

hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Front 31

urination
mitcturition
voiding

Back 31

process of expelling urine

Front 32

adenexa uteri

Back 32

fallopian tube, ovaries and supporting ligaments

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aminion

Back 33

innermost membranous sac surrounding the fetus

Front 34

areola

Back 34

dark pigmented area surronding the nipple

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Bartholin glands

Back 35

small mucous secreting exocrine glands found at the vaginal orifice

Front 36

cervic

Back 36

lower, neck-like portion of the uterus

Front 37

chorion

Back 37

outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the fetus

Front 38

clitoris

Back 38

organ of sensitive tissue anterior of the opening of the female urethra

Front 39

corpus luteum

Back 39

yellow body; empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg

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cul-de-sac

Back 40

region of the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus

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embryo

Back 41

stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

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endometrium

Back 42

inner mucous membrane lining of the uterus

Front 43

estrogen

Back 43

hormone produced by the ovary; promotes female secondary sex traits

Front 44

fallopian tube

Back 44

one of a pair pf ducts through which the ovum travels from the ovaries to the uterus

Front 45

fertilization

Back 45

union of sperm and ovum

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fetus

Back 46

stage in development from 8 weeks to birth

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fimbriae

Back 47

fringe-like projections on the lateral ends of the fallopian tubes

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follicle stimulating hormone
FSH

Back 48

hormone secreted by the pituitary to stimulate maturation of the ovum

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gamete

Back 49

male or female reproductive cell

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genitalia

Back 50

reproductive organs

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gestation

Back 51

period from fertilization of the ovum to birth

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gonad

Back 52

male or female reproductive organ

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gynecology

Back 53

study of the female reproductive organs including breast

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human chorionic gonadtropin
hCG

Back 54

hormone produced by placenta that sustains pregnancy by stimulation of ovaries to produce estrogen and progsterone

Front 55

hymen

Back 55

mucous membrane partially or cmpletly covering the opening to the vagina

Front 56

labia

Back 56

lips of the vagina

Front 57

lactiferous ducts

Back 57

tubes that carry milk within the breast

Front 58

luteinizing hormone
LH

Back 58

hormone produced by pituitary stimulating ovulation

Front 59

mammary papilla

Back 59

nipple of the breast

Front 60

menarche

Back 60

beginning of first menstrual preiod in puberty

Front 61

menopause

Back 61

gradual ending of menstruation

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menstruation

Back 62

monthly shedding of uterine lining

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myometrium

Back 63

muscle layer of the uterus

Front 64

neonatology

Back 64

study of the disorders and care of neonates

Front 65

obstetrics

Back 65

area of medicine relating to pregnancy and childbirth

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orifice

Back 66

opening

Front 67

ovarian follicle

Back 67

developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary; only about 400 of these mature in a female lifespan

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ovary

Back 68

one pair of female reproductive organs

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ovulation

Back 69

release of ovum from the ovary

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ovum

Back 70

egg cell

Front 71

parturition

Back 71

act of childbirth

Front 72

perineum

Back 72

region between gonads and the rectum

Front 73

pitutary gland

Back 73

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 74

placenta

Back 74

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall duribg pregnancy

Front 75

pregnancy

Back 75

condition; when female carries embryo and fetus within the uterus

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progesterone

Back 76

hormone produce by corpus luteum in the ovary and placenta of a female

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puberty

Back 77

point of life cycle when reproduction is possible

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uterine serosa

Back 78

outermost layer of uterus

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uterus

Back 79

hollow pear shaped organ in female in which embryo and fetus develop

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vagina

Back 80

muscular mucosa lined canal that leads from the uterus to the exterior of the body

Front 81

parturition

Back 81

act of childbirth

Front 82

perineum

Back 82

region between gonads and the rectum

Front 83

pitutary gland

Back 83

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 84

placenta

Back 84

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall duribg pregnancy

Front 85

pregnancy

Back 85

condition; when female carries embryo and fetus within the uterus

Front 86

progesterone

Back 86

hormone produce by corpus luteum in the ovary and placenta of a female

Front 87

puberty

Back 87

point of life cycle when reproduction is possible

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uterine serosa

Back 88

outermost layer of uterus

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uterus

Back 89

hollow pear shaped organ in female in which embryo and fetus develop

Front 90

vagina

Back 90

muscular mucosa lined canal that leads from the uterus to the exterior of the body

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vulva

Back 91

external female genetalia; labia, hymen, clitoris and vaginal orifice

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zygote

Back 92

fertilized egg cell

Front 93

bulbourethral gland
cowper's gland

Back 93

pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra

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ejaculatory duct

Back 94

tube through which semen enters the mate urethra

Front 95

ejaculation

Back 95

ejection of sperma and fluid from the male urethra

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epididymis

Back 96

pair of long tightly coiled tubes lying on testis; carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

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erectile dysfunction

Back 97

inablity to achieve erection

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flagellum

Back 98

sperm tails

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fraternal twins

Back 99

two infants born form same pregnancy, seperate ovum, seperate sperm

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glans penis

Back 100

sensitive tip of the penis

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identical twins

Back 101

two infants resulting from division of one zygote into distinctly seperate embryos

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impotence

Back 102

inability to achieve erection

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interstitial cells

Back 103

cells that lie between seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone

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parenchyma

Back 104

tissue composed of essential and functional celss of an organ

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prepuce

Back 105

foreskin

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prostate gland

Back 106

exocrine gland at base of urinary bladder

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scrotum

Back 107

external sac that contains the testes

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semen

Back 108

thick white fluid that contains spermatozoa

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seminal vesicle

Back 109

sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens

Front 110

seminiferous tubles

Back 110

produce sperm in the testes

Front 111

spermatozoon

Back 111

sperm cell

Front 112

sterilization

Back 112

any procedure the removes the ability to produce

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stroma

Back 113

supportive, connective tissue- distinguishable of its parenchyma

Front 114

testis

Back 114

male gonad

Front 115

testosterone

Back 115

hormone secreted by interstitial cells in testis, stimulated by LH

Front 116

vas deferens

Back 116

small tube that transports sperm from epididymus into the body and toward the urethra