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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the Urinary System consist of?
What are their functions? |
2 Kidneys: organs that form urine
2 Ureters: transport urine from the kidney to the bladder Urinary Bladder: stores and eliminates urine Urethra: carries urine out of the body |
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What is Erythropoeitin (EPO)?
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hormone that stimulates red bone-marrow production in the bone marrow
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What is Renin?
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Enzyme produced by kidneys that raises blood pressure
Activates angiotensin which constricts the blood vessels |
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What is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
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Hormone released from pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine.
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What is Calyx?
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a cuplike cavityin the pelvis of the kidney
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What is the Glomerular Capsule?
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Also known as Bowman Capsule
The cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood. This fluid is called glomerular filtrate |
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What is Glomerulus?
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The cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule
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What is the Kidney?
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An organ of excretion (root: ren/o, nephr/o); the two kidneys filter the blood and form urine, which contains metabolic waste products and other substances as needed to regulate the water and electrolyte balance and the pH of body fluids
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What is Micturation?
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Urination
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What is the Nephron?
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A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels, the nephron filters the blood and balances composition of urine
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What is the renal pelvis?
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The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney
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What is the renal pyramid?
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A triangular structure in the medulla of the kidney; composed of the loops and collecting ducts of the nephrons
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What is a trigone?
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A triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
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What is tubular reabsorption?
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The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries
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What is Urea?
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The main nitrogenous waste product in the urine
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What is the ureter?
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The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
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What is the urethra?
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The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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What is the urinary bladder?
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The organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys
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What does urine contain?
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The fluid excreted by the kidneys. It consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments. A variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease
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ren/o
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Kidney
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nephr/o
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Kidney
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus
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pyel/o
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renal pelvis
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cali/o,
calic/o |
calyx
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ur/o
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urine, urinary tract
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder
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vesic/o
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urinary bladder
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What is urinary tract infection (UTI)?
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cystitis
organisms such as E Coli enter the urethra more common in women than men, poor toilet habits and urinary stasis are causes Can result from hospital procedures such as catheterization |
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What is Pyelonephritis?
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involves kidney and renal pelvis
signs of condition similar to cystitis are pyuria, bacteriuria, and dysuria |
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What is urethritis?
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inflammation of urethra, generally associated with sexually transmitted infections.
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What is Glomerulonephritis?
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specific disorder that follows immunologic reaction
symptoms are hypertension, edema, and oliguria because of damage to kidney tissue, blood and proteins escape into the nephrons, causing hematuria and proteinuria may lead to CRF and ESRD also causes uremia and acidosis |
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What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
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Glomeruli become overly permeable and allow loss of proteins
marked by proteinuria and hypoproteinemia |
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What is Acute Renal Failure (ARF)?
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exposure to toxins and infections
treated by dialysis or even renal transplantation |
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What is dialysis?
What are the two types? |
movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane
1. hemodialysis - blood is cleansed by a passage over a membrane, then unwanted substances drawn out 2. Peritoneal dialysis - fluid drawn into peritoneal cavity then draw out |
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What are hypo/hypernatremia?
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Hypernatremia - too much sodium in blood
hyponatremia - low sodium in blood |
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder
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vesic/o
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urinary bladder
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What is urinary tract infection (UTI)?
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cystitis
organisms such as E Coli enter the urethra more common in women than men, poor toilet habits and urinary stasis are causes Can result from hospital procedures such as catheterization |
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What is Pyelonephritis?
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involves kidney and renal pelvis
signs of condition similar to cystitis are pyuria, bacteriuria, and dysuria |
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What is urethritis?
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inflammation of urethra, generally associated with sexually transmitted infections.
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What is Glomerulonephritis?
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specific disorder that follows immunologic reaction
symptoms are hypertension, edema, and oliguria because of damage to kidney tissue, blood and proteins escape into the nephrons, causing hematuria and proteinuria may lead to CRF and ESRD also causes uremia and acidosis |
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What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
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Glomeruli become overly permeable and allow loss of proteins
marked by proteinuria and hypoproteinemia |
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What is Acute Renal Failure (ARF)?
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exposure to toxins and infections
treated by dialysis or even renal transplantation |
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What is dialysis?
What are the two types? |
movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane
1. hemodialysis - blood is cleansed by a passage over a membrane, then unwanted substances drawn out 2. Peritoneal dialysis - fluid drawn into peritoneal cavity then draw out |
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What are hypo/hypernatremia?
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Hypernatremia - too much sodium in blood
hyponatremia - low sodium in blood |
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What is urinary lithiasis?
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Stones in the urine
causes great pain (renal colic) and can cause hydronephrosis (accumulation of urine in renal pelvis) |
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What is Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy?
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crushing of stones outside of the body by sound shock waves
surgical procedure for urinary stones |
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What is oliguria?
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removal of small amounts of urine
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What is proteinuria?
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presence of proteins, mainly albumin, in the urine
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What is pyelonephritis?
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Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually as a result of infection
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What is pyuria?
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presence of pus in the urine
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What is Renal Colic?
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Radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of a stone
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What is uremia?
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Presence of toxic levels of nitrogen-containing substances, mainly urea, as a result of renal insufficiency
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What is urinary stasis?
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Stoppage of urinary flow
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What is a cystoscope?
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Instrument to look at the inside of the bladder
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What is examined during urinanalysis?
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color
turbidity pH specific gravity glucose ketones hemoglobin |
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What is ileal conduit?
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Diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an isolated segment of the ileum
used when the bladder is nonfunctional |
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What is aldosterone?
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A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that regulates electrolyte excretion by the kidneys
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What is clearance?
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The volume of plasma that can be cleared of a substance by the kidneys per unit of time; renal plasma clearance
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What is creatine?
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A nitrogen-containing by-product of muscle metabolism. An increase in blood creatinine is a sign of renal failure
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What is Diuresis?
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increased excretion of urine
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What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
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The amount of filtrate formed per minute by the nephrons of both kidneys
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What is the Renal Corpuscle?
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The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus considered as a unit; the filtration device of the kidney
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What is incontinence?
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inability to retain urine
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What is nocturia?
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excessive urination at night
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What is Pitting Edema?
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Edema in which the skin, when pressed firmly with the finger, will maintain the depression produced
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What is polydypsia and Polyuria?
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Polydypsia - increased thirst
Polyuria - increased urination |
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What is Ureterocele?
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A cystlike dilation of the ureter near its opening into the bladder. Usually results from a congenital narrowing of the ureteral opening.
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What is anion gap?
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A measure of electrolyte imbalance
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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Nitrogen in the blood in the form of Urea
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What is Cystometrography?
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A study of bladder function in which the bladder is filled with fluid or air and the pressure exerted by the bladder muscle at varying degrees of filling is measured. The tracing recorded is a cystometrogram.
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What is Protein Electrophoresis (PEP)?
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Laboratory study of the proteins in urine; used to diagnose multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and lymphoid tumor
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What is a Urinometer?
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Device for measuring the specific gravity of urine
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What is an Indwelling Foley Catheter?
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A urinary tract catheter with a balloon at one end that prevents the catheter from leaving the bladder
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What is a Lithotrite?
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Instrument used to crush a stone
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