Medical Terminology Test 2 Chapter 6

Front 1

agglutin/o

Back 1

clumping

Front 2

chrom/o

Back 2

color

Front 3

coagul/o

Back 3

clotting

Front 4

erythr/o

Back 4

red

Front 5

fibrin/o

Back 5

fibers, fibrous

Front 6

granul/o

Back 6

granules

Front 7

hem/o

Back 7

blood

Front 8

hemat/o

Back 8

blood

Front 9

leuk/o

Back 9

white

Front 10

morph/o

Back 10

shape

Front 11

myel/o

Back 11

bone marrow

Front 12

phag/o

Back 12

eat, swallow

Front 13

sanguin/o

Back 13

blood

Front 14

thromb/o

Back 14

clot

Front 15

-apheresis

Back 15

removal, carry away

Front 16

-cyte

Back 16

cell

Front 17

-cytosis

Back 17

more than the normal number of cells

Front 18

-emia

Back 18

blood condition

Front 19

-globin

Back 19

protein

Front 20

-penia

Back 20

abnormal decrease, too few

Front 21

-poiesis

Back 21

formation

Front 22

-stasis

Back 22

standing still

Front 23

Cells that contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in order to transport it to the cells of the body.

Back 23

Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBC)

Front 24

The solid, cellular portion of blood. It consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Back 24

Formed Elements

Front 25

The process of forming blood.

Back 25

Hematopoiesis

Front 26

A group of several different types of cells that provide protection against the invasion of bacteria and other foreign material. They are able to leave the bloodstream and search out the foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, and toxins), where they perform phagocytosis.

Back 26

Leukocytes or White Blood Cells (WBC)

Front 27

The liquid portion of blood containing 90% water. There remaining 10% consists of plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin), inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, and sodium), organic components (glucose, amino acids, cholesterol), and waste products (urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine).

Back 27

Plasma

Front 28

Cells responsible for the coagulation of blood. These are also called thrombocytes and contain no hemoglobin.

Back 28

Platelets

Front 29

A protein that is normally found circulating in the bloodstream. It is abnormal this to be in the urine.

Back 29

Albumin

Front 30

An organic substance found in plasma. It is used by cells to build proteins.

Back 30

Amino Acids

Front 31

An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones, muscles, and nerves.

Back 31

Calcium

Front 32

A waste product of muscle metabolism.

Back 32

Creatinine

Front 33

Lipid molecules transported throughout the body dissolved in the blood.

Back 33

Fats

Front 34

Blood protein that is essential for clotting to take place.

Back 34

Fibrinogen

Front 35

Protein component of blood containing antibodies that help to resist infection.

Back 35

Gamma Globulin

Front 36

One type of protein found dissolved in the plasma.

Back 36

Globulins

Front 37

The form of sugar used by the cells of the body to make energy. It is transported to the cells in the blood.

Back 37

Glucose

Front 38

Proteins that are found in plasma. Includes serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

Back 38

Plasma Proteins

Front 39

An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones and muscles.

Back 39

Potassium

Front 40

Clear sticky fluid that remains after the blood has clotted.

Back 40

Serum

Front 41

An inorganic substance found in plasma.

Back 41

Sodium

Front 42

A waste product of protein metabolism. It diffuses through the tissues in lymph and is returned to the circulatory system for transport to the kidneys.

Back 42

Urea

Front 43

Waste product produced from destruction of worn-out red blood cells; disposed of by the liver.

Back 43

Bilirubin

Front 44

The loss of a cell's nucleus.

Back 44

Enucleated

Front 45

Iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissue.

Back 45

Hemoglobin (Hg)

Front 46

Nongranular leukocyte. This is one of the two types of leukocytes found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes.

Back 46

Agranulocyte

Front 47

A granulocyte white blood cell that releases histamine and heparin in damaged tissues.

Back 47

Basophils

Front 48

A granulocyte white blood cell that destroy parasites and increases during allergic reactions.

Back 48

Eosinophils

Front 49

Granular polymorphonuclear leukocyte. There are three types: neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil.

Back 49

Granulocytes

Front 50

An agranulocyte white blood cell that provides protection through the immune response.

Back 50

Lymphocytes

Front 51

An agranulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis.

Back 51

Monocytes

Front 52

A granulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis. It is also the most numerous of the leukocytes.

Back 52

Neutrophils

Front 53

Disease-bearing organisms.

Back 53

Pathogens

Front 54

Neutrophil component of the blood; has the ability to ingest and destory bacteria.

Back 54

Phagocyte

Front 55

The process of engulfing or ingesting material. Several types of white blood cells function by engulfing bacteria.

Back 55

Phagocytosis

Front 56

Clumping together to form small clusters. Platelets do this to start the clotting process.

Back 56

Agglutinate

Front 57

Whitish protein formed by the action of thrombin and fibrinogen, which is the basis for the clotting of blood.

Back 57

Fibrin

Front 58

To stop bleeding or the stagnation of the circulating blood.

Back 58

Hemostasis

Front 59

Protein element within the blood that interacts with calcium salts to form thrombin.

Back 59

Prothrombin

Front 60

A clotting enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Back 60

Thrombin

Front 61

Also called platelets. Platelets play a critical part in the blood-clotting process by agglutinating into small clusters and releasing thrombokinase.

Back 61

Thrombocytes

Front 62

Substance released by platelets; reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin.

Back 62

Thromboplastin

Front 63

The major system of blood typing.

Back 63

ABO System

Front 64

The blood of one person is different from another's due to the presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of this is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major type is the Rh factor, consisting of the two types, Rh+ and Rh-.

Back 64

Blood Typing

Front 65

An antigen marker found on erythrocytes of persons with Rh+ blood.

Back 65

Rh factor

Front 66

One of the ABO blood types. A person with this type blood makes anti-B antibodies.

Back 66

Type A

Front 67

One of the ABO blood types. This blood type does not make antibodies against either A nor B blood.

Back 67

Type AB

Front 68

One of the ABO blood types. A person with this blood type will make anti-A antibodies.

Back 68

Type B

Front 69

One of the ABO blood types. A person with no markers on his or her RBCs. This blood type will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Therefore, it is considered the universal donor.

Back 69

Type O

Front 70

Type O blood is this. It has no markers on the RBC surface, it will not trigger a reaction with anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Back 70

Universal Donor

Front 71

A person with type AB blood has no antibodies against the other blood types and therefore, in an emergency, can receive any type of blood.

Back 71

Universal Recipient

Front 72

This person's RBCs do not have the Rh marker and will make antibodies against Rh+ blood.

Back 72

Rh-Negative

Front 73

This person's RBCs have the Rh marker.

Back 73

Rh-Positive

Front 74

Lab test performed before a person receives a blood transfusion; double checks the blood type of both the donor's and recipient's blood.

Back 74

Type and Crossmatch

Front 75

-algia

Back 75

pain

Front 76

-cele

Back 76

hernia, protrusion

Front 77

-cise

Back 77

cut

Front 78

-dynia

Back 78

pain

Front 79

-ectasis

Back 79

dilatation

Front 80

-ectopia

Back 80

displacement

Front 81

-gen

Back 81

that which produces

Front 82

-genesis

Back 82

produces, generates

Front 83

-genic

Back 83

producing

Front 84

-ia

Back 84

state, condition

Front 85

-iasis

Back 85

abnormal condition

Front 86

-ism

Back 86

state of

Front 87

-itis

Back 87

inflammation

Front 88

-logist

Back 88

one who studies

Front 89

-logy

Back 89

study of

Front 90

-lysis

Back 90

destruction

Front 91

-malacia

Back 91

abnormal softening

Front 92

-megaly

Back 92

enlargement, large

Front 93

-oma

Back 93

tumor, mass

Front 94

-osis

Back 94

abnormal condition

Front 95

-pathy

Back 95

disease

Front 96

-plasia

Back 96

development, growth

Front 97

-plasm

Back 97

formation, development

Front 98

-ptosis

Back 98

drooping

Front 99

-rrhage

Back 99

excessive, abnormal flow

Front 100

-rrhea

Back 100

discharge, flow

Front 101

-rrhexis

Back 101

rupture

Front 102

-sclerosis

Back 102

hardening

Front 103

-stenosis

Back 103

narrowing

Front 104

-therapy

Back 104

treatment

Front 105

-trophy

Back 105

nourishment, development

Front 106

-uria

Back 106

condition of the urine

Front 107

Pertaining to

Back 107

-ac
-al
-an
-ar
-ary
-eal
-iac
-ic
-ical
-ile
-ior
-ory
-ose
-ous
-tic

Front 108

The hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process.

Back 108

Blood Clot

Front 109

When a liquid is converted to a gel or a solid, as in blood coagulation.

Back 109

Coagulate

Front 110

A general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood.

Back 110

Dyscrasia

Front 111

The process of forming erythrocytes in the red bone marrow.

Back 111

Erythropoiesis

Front 112

A physisican who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the blood.

Back 112

Hematologist

Front 113

The collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a bruise.

Back 113

Hematoma

Front 114

To stop bleeding or the stagnation of blood flow through the tissues.

Back 114

Hemostasis

Front 115

A transfusion of only the formed elements and without plasma.

Back 115

Packed Cells

Front 116

Refers to the mixture of both plasma and formed elements.

Back 116

Whole Blood

Front 117

A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues.

Back 117

Anemia

Front 118

Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant.

Back 118

Aplastic Anemia

Front 119

Condition in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' blood and cause anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. ALSO CALLED HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN.

Back 119

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Front 120

An anemia that develops as the result of the excessive loss of erythrocytes.

Back 120

Hemolytic Anemia

Front 121

-centesis

Back 121

puncture to withdraw fluid

Front 122

-ectomy

Back 122

surgical removal

Front 123

-ostomy

Back 123

surgically create an opening

Front 124

-otomy

Back 124

cutting into

Front 125

-pexy

Back 125

surgical fixation

Front 126

-plasty

Back 126

surgical repair

Front 127

-rrhaphy

Back 127

suture

Front 128

-gram

Back 128

record or picture

Front 129

-graph

Back 129

instrument for recording

Front 130

-graphy

Back 130

process of recording

Front 131

-meter

Back 131

intrument for measuring

Front 132

-metry

Back 132

process of measuring

Front 133

-scope

Back 133

instrument for viewing

Front 134

-scopy

Back 134

process of visually examining

Front 135

a-

Back 135

without, away from

Front 136

an-

Back 136

without

Front 137

ante-

Back 137

before, in front of

Front 138

anti-

Back 138

against

Front 139

auto-

Back 139

self

Front 140

brady-

Back 140

slow

Front 141

dys-

Back 141

painful, difficult

Front 142

endo-

Back 142

within, inner

Front 143

epi-

Back 143

upon, over

Front 144

eu-

Back 144

normal, good

Front 145

hetero-

Back 145

different

Front 146

homo-

Back 146

same

Front 147

hydro-

Back 147

water

Front 148

hyper-

Back 148

over, above

Front 149

hypo-

Back 149

under, below

Front 150

infra-

Back 150

under, beneath, below

Front 151

inter-

Back 151

among, between

Front 152

intra-

Back 152

within, inside

Front 153

macro-

Back 153

large

Front 154

micro-

Back 154

small

Front 155

neo-

Back 155

new

Front 156

pan-

Back 156

all

Front 157

para-

Back 157

beside, beyond, near

Front 158

per-

Back 158

through

Front 159

peri-

Back 159

around

Front 160

post-

Back 160

after

Front 161

pre-

Back 161

before, in front of

Front 162

pseudo-

Back 162

false

Front 163

retro-

Back 163

backward, behind

Front 164

sub-

Back 164

below, under

Front 165

super-

Back 165

above, excess

Front 166

supra-

Back 166

above

Front 167

tachy-

Back 167

rapid, fast

Front 168

trans-

Back 168

through, across

Front 169

ultra-

Back 169

beyond, excess

Front 170

bi-

Back 170

two

Front 171

di-

Back 171

two

Front 172

hemi-

Back 172

half

Front 173

mono-

Back 173

one

Front 174

multi-

Back 174

many

Front 175

nulli-

Back 175

none

Front 176

poly-

Back 176

many

Front 177

quad-

Back 177

four

Front 178

semi-

Back 178

partial, half

Front 179

tri-

Back 179

three

Front 180

uni-

Back 180

one

Front 181

Condition that may develop during pregnancy if the mother is Rh-negative, in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' bloodstream, damaging fetal blood cells. Results in anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Also called erythroblastosis fetalis.

Back 181

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Front 182

Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged. It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males. It appears almost exclusively in males.

Back 182

Hemophilia

Front 183

Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Back 183

Hyperlipidemia

Front 184

Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes.

Back 184

Hypochromic Anemia

Front 185

Anemia that results from having insufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin.

Back 185

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Front 186

Cancer of the WBC-forming red bone marrow; results in a large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in the blood.

Back 186

Leukemia

Front 187

Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.

Back 187

Pernicious Anemia

Front 188

Production of too many RBCs by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels.

Back 188

Polycythemia Vera

Front 189

Having bacteria in the bloodstream. Commonly referred to as blood poisoning.

Back 189

Septicemia

Front 190

A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolytic anemia.

Back 190

Sickle Cell Anemia

Front 191

A genetic disorder in which the person is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.

Back 191

Thalassemia

Front 192

AHF

Back 192

antihemophilic factor

Front 193

ALL

Back 193

acute lymphocytic leukemia

Front 194

AML

Back 194

acute myelogenous leukemia

Front 195

basos

Back 195

basophils

Front 196

BMT

Back 196

bone marrow transplant

Front 197

CBC

Back 197

complete blood count

Front 198

CLL

Back 198

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Front 199

CML

Back 199

chronic myelogenous leukemia

Front 200

diff

Back 200

differential

Front 201

eosins, eos

Back 201

eosinophils

Front 202

ESR, SR, sed rate

Back 202

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Front 203

HCT, Hct, crit

Back 203

hematocrit

Front 204

HDN

Back 204

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Front 205

Hgb, Hb, HGB

Back 205

hemoglobin

Front 206

lymphs

Back 206

lymphocytes

Front 207

MCV

Back 207

mean corpuscular volume

Front 208

monos

Back 208

monocytes

Front 209

PA

Back 209

pernicious anemia

Front 210

PCV

Back 210

packed cell volume

Front 211

PMN, polys

Back 211

polymorphonuclear neutrophil

Front 212

PT, pro-time

Back 212

prothrombin time

Front 213

RBC

Back 213

red blood cell

Front 214

Rh+

Back 214

Rh-positive

Front 215

Rh-

Back 215

Rh-negative

Front 216

SMAC

Back 216

sequential multiple analyzer computer

Front 217

WBC

Back 217

white blood cell

Front 218

Test to measure the amount of time it takes for blood to coagulate.

Back 218

Bleeding Time

Front 219

Sample of blood is incubated in the laboratory to check for bacterial growth. If bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are sensitive to.

Back 219

Blood Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Front 220

Sample of bone marrow is removed by aspiration with a needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia.

Back 220

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Front 221

Blood test that consists of five tests: red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cell differential.

Back 221

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Front 222

Blood test to determine the rate at which mature blood cells settle out of the blood after the addition of an anticoagulant. This is an indicator of the presence of an inflammatory disease.

Back 222

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Front 223

Blood test to measure the volume of red blood cells within the total volume of blood.

Back 223

Hematocrit (HCT,Hct,crit)

Front 224

Incision into a vein in order to remove blood for a diagnostic test. Also called venipuncture.

Back 224

Phlebotomy

Front 225

Blood test to determine the number of platelets in a given volume of blood.

Back 225

Platelet Count

Front 226

A measure of the blood's coagulation abilities by measuring how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated.

Back 226

Prothrombin Time (Pro time, PT)

Front 227

Blood test to determine the number of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.

Back 227

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

Front 228

Examination of a specimen of blood for abnormalities in the shape (morphology) of the erythrocytes. Used to determine diseases like sickle cell anemia.

Back 228

Red Blood Cell Morphology

Front 229

Machine for doing multiple blood chemistry tests automatically.

Back 229

Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC)

Front 230

Blood test to measure the number of leukocytes in a volume of blood.

Back 230

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Front 231

Blood test to determine the number of each variety of leukocytes.

Back 231

White Blood Cell Differential (diff)

Front 232

Procedure for collecting and storing a patient's own blood several weeks prior to the actual need. It can be used to replace blood lost during a surgical procedure.

Back 232

Autologous Transfusion

Front 233

Artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream.

Back 233

Blood Transfusion

Front 234

Patient receives red bone marrow from a donor after the patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy.

Back 234

Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

Front 235

Replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person.

Back 235

Homologous Transfusion

Front 236

Method of removing plasma from the body without depleting the formed elements. Whole blood is removed and the cells and plasma are separated. The cells are returned to the patient along with a donor plasma transfusion.

Back 236

Plasmapheresis

Front 237

Prevents blood clot formation.

Back 237

Anticoagulant

Front 238

Substance that prevents or stops hemorrhaging; a hemostatic agent.

Back 238

Antihemorrhagic

Front 239

Interferes with the action of platelets. Prolongs bleeding time. Commonly referred to as blood thinners.

Back 239

Antiplatelet

Front 240

Substance that increases the number of erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.

Back 240

Hematinic

Front 241

Stops the flow of blood; an antihemorrhagic.

Back 241

Hemostatic

Front 242

Able to dissolve existing blood clots.

Back 242

Thrombolytic

Front 243

aden/o

Back 243

gland

Front 244

adenoid/o

Back 244

adenoids

Front 245

immun/o

Back 245

protection

Front 246

lymph/o

Back 246

lymph

Front 247

lymphaden/o

Back 247

lymph node

Front 248

lymphangi/o

Back 248

lymph vessel

Front 249

splen/o

Back 249

spleen

Front 250

thym/o

Back 250

thymus

Front 251

tonsill/o

Back 251

tonsils

Front 252

tox/o

Back 252

poison

Front 253

-globulin

Back 253

protein

Front 254

-phage

Back 254

eat, swallow

Front 255

lymphangi/o

Back 255

lymph vessel

Front 256

splen/o

Back 256

spleen

Front 257

thym/o

Back 257

thymus

Front 258

tonsill/o

Back 258

tonsils

Front 259

tox/o

Back 259

poison

Front 260

-globulin

Back 260

protein

Front 261

-phage

Back 261

eat, swallow

Front 262

Clear, transparent, colorless fluid found in the lymphatic vessels and teh cisterna chyli.

Back 262

Lymph

Front 263

Small organs in the lymphatic system that filter bacteria and other foreign organisms from the body fluids.

Back 263

Lymph Nodes

Front 264

Extensive network of vessels throughout the entire body; conduct lymph from the tissue toward the thoracic cavity.

Back 264

Lymphatic Vessels

Front 265

Organ in the lymphatic system that filters microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood.

Back 265

Spleen

Front 266

An endocrine gland located in the upper mediastinum that assists the body with the immune function and the development of antibodies. As part of the immune response it secretes a hormone, thymosin, that changes lymphocytes to T cells.

Back 266

Thymus Gland

Front 267

The collections of lymphatic tissue located in the pharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose or mouth.

Back 267

Tonsils

Front 268

The smallest lymph vessels; they collect excessive tissue fluid.

Back 268

Lymph Capillaries

Front 269

The two largest vessels in the lymphatic system, the lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct.

Back 269

Lymph Ducts

Front 270

One of the two lymphatic ducts. It drains right arm and the right side of the neck and chest; empties lymph into the right subclavian vein.

Back 270

Right Lymphatic Duct

Front 271

The largest lymph vessel. It drains the entire body except for the right arm, chest wall, and both lungs. It empties lymph into the left subclavian vein.

Back 271

Thoracic Duct

Front 272

A flap-like structure found within the tubular organs such as lymph vessels, veins, and the heart. They function to prevent the backflow of fluid.

Back 272

Valves

Front 273

Commonly referred to as the armpit. There is a collection of lymph nodes in this area that drains each arm.

Back 273

Axillary

Front 274

Pertaining to the neck.

Back 274

Cervical

Front 275

Commonly referred to as the groin. There is a collection of lymph nodes in this region that drain each leg.

Back 275

Inguinal

Front 276

Another name for lymph nodes; small organs composed of lymphatic tissue located along the route of the lymphatic vessels; remove impurities from the lymph and manufacture lymphocytes and antibodies.

Back 276

Lymph Glands

Front 277

There is a collection of lymph nodes located in the central chest area that drain the chest.

Back 277

Mediastinal

Front 278

When cancerous cells migrate away from a tumor site.

Back 278

Metastasized

Front 279

Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.

Back 279

Adenoids

Front 280

Tonsils located on the very posterior section of the tongue as it joins with the pharynx.

Back 280

Lingual Tonsils

Front 281

Tonsils located in the lateral wall of the pharynx close to the mouth.

Back 281

Palatine Tonsils

Front 282

Another term for adenoids. These are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.

Back 282

Pharyngeal Tonsils

Front 283

Medical term for throat. The passageway that conducts air from the nasal cavity to the trachea, and also carries food and drink from the mouth to the esophagus. It is divided into three sections: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Back 283

Pharynx

Front 284

Spread-out blood vessels within the spleen that result in slow-moving blood flow.

Back 284

Blood Sinuses

Front 285

Phagocytic cells that are found in large quantities in the lymph nodes. They engulf foreign particles.

Back 285

Macrophage

Front 286

A lymphocyte active in cellular immunity.

Back 286

T Cells

Front 287

A type of lymphocyte involved with producing cells that physically attack and destroy pathogens.

Back 287

T Lymphocytes

Front 288

Hormone secreted by thymus gland. It causes lymphocytes to change into T-Lymphocytes.

Back 288

Thymosin

Front 289

The protective response of the body to a specific pathogen.

Back 289

Acquired Immunity

Front 290

Immunity developing after direct exposure to a pathogen.

Back 290

Active Acquired Immunity

Front 291

Primitive, single-celled microorganisms that are present everywhere. Some are capable of causing disease in humans.

Back 291

Bacteria

Front 292

Malignant growths in the body.

Back 292

Cancerous Tumor

Front 293

Some of these organisms are capable of causing disease in humans, such as yeast infections or histoplasmosis.

Back 293

Fungi

Front 294

Ability of lymphocytes to respond to specific antigens.

Back 294

Immune Response

Front 295

The body's ability to defend itself against pathogens.

Back 295

Immunity

Front 296

Providing protection against communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. Also called vaccinations.

Back 296

Immunizations

Front 297

Immunity that is not specific to a disease and does not require prior exposure to the pathogen. Also called innate immunity.

Back 297

Natural Immunity

Front 298

Immunity that results when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal. This may take the form of maternal antibodies crossing the placenta to a baby or an antitoxin injection.

Back 298

Passive Acquired Immunity

Front 299

Single-celled organisms that can infect the body.

Back 299

Protozoans

Front 300

Substances poisonous to the body. Many are filtered out of the blood by the kidney.

Back 300

Toxins

Front 301

Providing protection against communicable diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease. Also called immunization.

Back 301

Vaccination

Front 302

A group of infectious particles that can cause disease.

Back 302

Viruses

Front 303

Protein material produced in the body as a response to the invasion of a foreign substance.

Back 303

Antibody

Front 304

The production of antibodies by B cells in response to an antigen.

Back 304

Antibody-Mediated Immunity or Humoral Immunity

Front 305

Combination of the antigen with its specific antibody to increase susceptibility to phagocytosis and immunity.

Back 305

Antigen-Antibody Reaction

Front 306

Substance that is capable of inducing the formation of an antibody.

Back 306

Antigen

Front 307

Common name for B Lymphocytes, responds to foreign antigens by producing protective antibodies.

Back 307

B Cells

Front 308

The humoral immunity cells, which respond to foreign antigens by producing protective antibodies.

Back 308

B Lymphocytes

Front 309

Immunity that results from the activation of sensitized T lymphocytes. The immune response causes antigens to be destroyed by the direct action of cells. Also called cellular immunity.

Back 309

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Front 310

This process results in the production of T cells and natural killer, NK, cells that directly attach to foreign cells. This immune response fights invasion by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and cancer. Also called cell-mediated immunity.

Back 310

Cellular Immunity

Front 311

Pertaining to poisoning cells.

Back 311

Cytotoxic

Front 312

T cells that can kill by entrapping foreign cells, tumor cells, and bacteria. Also called T8 cells.

Back 312

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Front 313

Occurs when a person, either a patient or health care worker, acquires a pathogen from another patient or health care worker.

Back 313

Cross-Infection

Front 314

An infection acquired as a result of hospital exposure.

Back 314

Nosocomial Infection

Front 315

Federal agency that issued mandatory guidelines to ensure that all employees at risk of exposure to body fluids are provided with personal protective equipment.

Back 315

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Front 316

An infection that occurs when a person becomes infected again with the same pathogen that originally brought him or her to the hospital.

Back 316

Reinfection

Front 317

Infection that occurs when a person becomes infected in a different part of the body by a pathogen from another part of his or her own body, such as intestinal bacteria spreading to the urethra.

Back 317

Self-innoculation

Front 318

An antigen that causes an allergic reaction.

Back 318

Allergen

Front 319

A physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies.

Back 319

Allergist

Front 320

Hypersensitivity to a common substance in the environment or to a medication.

Back 320

Allergy

Front 321

Severe, potentially life-threatening, allergic reaction to an antigen.

Back 321

Anaphylaxis

Front 322

Abnormal

Back 322

Atypical

Front 323

A disease that results from the body's immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens.

Back 323

Autoimmune Disease

Front 324

Virus that is believed to be the cause of infectious mononucleosis.

Back 324

Epstein-Barr Virus

Front 325

Appearance of wheals as part of an allergic reaction.

Back 325

Hives

Front 326

Virus that causes AIDS; also known as a retrovirus.

Back 326

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Front 327

Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens.

Back 327

Immunocompromised

Front 328

Antibodies secreted by the B cells. They assist in protecting the body and its surfaces from the invasion of bacteria.

Back 328

Immunoglobulins

Front 329

A physician who specializes in treating infectious disease and other disorders of the immune system.

Back 329

Immunologist

Front 330

The tissues responses to injury from pathogens or physical agents. Characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch.

Back 330

Inflammation

Front 331

Edema appearing in the extremities due to an obstruction of the lymph flow through the lymphatic vessels.

Back 331

Lymphedema

Front 332

Infectious diseases that are associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore a lowered resistance to infections and parasits. May be the results of HIV infection.

Back 332

Opportunisitic Infections

Front 333

Virus, such as HIV, in which the virus copies itself using the host's DNA.

Back 333

Retrovirus

Front 334

The severe itching associated with hives, usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions.

Back 334

Urticaria

Front 335

Disease that involves a defect in the cell-mediated immunity system. A syndrome of opportunistic infections that occur in the final stages of infection with the HIV. This virus attacks the T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, which reduces the person's ability to fight infection.

Back 335

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Front 336

Early stage of AIDS. There is a positive test for the virus but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia.

Back 336

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

Front 337

Life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction.

Back 337

Anaphylactic

Front 338

Inflammation, obstruction, and destruction of the lymph vessels that result in enlarged tissues due to edema.

Back 338

Elephantiasis

Front 339

Serious complication of bone marrow transplant(graft). Immune cells from the donor bone marrow attack the recipient's (host's) tissues.

Back 339

graft vs. host disease (GVHD)

Front 340

Cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in the lymph nodes.

Back 340

Hodgkin's disease (also called Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Front 341

Form of skin cancer frequently seen in patients with AIDS. It consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.

Back 341

Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 342

Inflammation of the lymph nodes. Referred to as swollen glands.

Back 342

Lymphadenitis

Front 343

Cancerous tumor of the lymphatic tissue.

Back 343

Malignant Lymphoma

Front 344

Acute infectious disease with a large number of atypical lymphocytes. Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Abnormal liver function may occur.

Back 344

Mononucleosis

Front 345

Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Back 345

non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)

Front 346

Infection of the tissues between the tonsils and the pharynx. Also called a quinsy sore throat.

Back 346

Peritonsillar abscess

Front 347

Pneumonia common in AIDS patients that is caused by infection with an opportunistic parasite.

Back 347

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Front 348

Disease of unknown cause that forms fibrous lesions.

Back 348

Sarcoidosis

Front 349

Disease seen in children born with a nonfunctioning immune system.

Back 349

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDS)

Front 350

A blood test for an antibody to the AIDS virus.

Back 350

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Front 351

X-ray taken of the lymph vessels after the injection of dye into the foot. The lymph flow through the chest is traced.

Back 351

Lymphangiography

Front 352

Test for infectious mononucleosis.

Back 352

Monospot

Front 353

Form of allergy testing in which the body is exposed to an allergen through a light scratch in the skin.

Back 353

Scratch Test

Front 354

Test used as a backup to the ELISA blood test to detect the presence of the antibody to HIV in the blood.

Back 354

Western blot

Front 355

Giving a patient an injection of immunoglobulins or antibodies in order to treat a disease.

Back 355

Immunotherapy

Front 356

Excision of a lymph node.

Back 356

Lymphadenectomy

Front 357

Blocks the effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergic reaction.

Back 357

Antihistamine

Front 358

Reduces the body's inflammatory reaction.

Back 358

Anti-inflammatory

Front 359

Weakens a viral infection in the body.

Back 359

Antiviral

Front 360

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties.

Back 360

Corticosteroids

Front 361

Blocks certain actions of the immune sytem. Required to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ.

Back 361

Immunosuppressants

Front 362

Produces contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries.

Back 362

Vasoconstrictors

Front 363

AIDS

Back 363

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Front 364

ARC

Back 364

AIDS-related complex

Front 365

CD4

Back 365

type of T cell affected by HIV infection

Front 366

EBV

Back 366

Epstein-Barr Virus

Front 367

ELISA

Back 367

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Front 368

GVHD

Back 368

graft vs. host disease

Front 369

HD

Back 369

Hodgkin's disease

Front 370

HIV

Back 370

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Front 371

Ig

Back 371

immunoglobulins (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)

Front 372

KS

Back 372

Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 373

lymphs

Back 373

lymphocyte

Front 374

mono

Back 374

mononucleosis

Front 375

NHL

Back 375

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 376

NK

Back 376

Natural Killer cells

Front 377

PCP

Back 377

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Front 378

SCIDS

Back 378

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

Front 379

adenoid/o

Back 379

adenoids

Front 380

alveol/o

Back 380

alveolus; air sac

Front 381

anthrac/o

Back 381

coal

Front 382

atel/o

Back 382

incomplete

Front 383

bronch/o

Back 383

bronchus

Front 384

bronchiol/o

Back 384

bronchiole

Front 385

coni/o

Back 385

dust

Front 386

diaphragmat/o

Back 386

diaphragm

Front 387

epiglott/o

Back 387

epiglottis

Front 388

laryng/o

Back 388

larynx

Front 389

lob/o

Back 389

lobe

Front 390

nas/o

Back 390

nose

Front 391

orth/o

Back 391

straight, upright

Front 392

ox/o

Back 392

oxygen

Front 393

pharyng/o

Back 393

pharynx

Front 394

pleur/o

Back 394

pleura

Front 395

pneum/o

Back 395

lung, air

Front 396

pneumon/o

Back 396

lung, air

Front 397

pulmon/o

Back 397

lung

Front 398

rhin/o

Back 398

nose

Front 399

sinus/o

Back 399

sinus, cavity

Front 400

spir/o

Back 400

breathing

Front 401

steth/o

Back 401

chest

Front 402

tonsill/o

Back 402

tonsils

Front 403

trache/o

Back 403

trachea, windpipe

Front 404

thorac/o

Back 404

chest

Front 405

-capnia

Back 405

carbon dioxide

Front 406

-ectasis

Back 406

dilated, expansion

Front 407

-osmia

Back 407

smell

Front 408

-phonia

Back 408

voice

Front 409

-pnea

Back 409

breathing

Front 410

-ptysis

Back 410

spitting

Front 411

-thorax

Back 411

chest

Front 412

Flow of air into the lungs.

Back 412

Inhalation or inspiration

Front 413

Flow of air out of the lungs.

Back 413

Exhalation or expiration

Front 414

Very small hairs that line the opening of the nose as well as most of the airways.

Back 414

Cilia

Front 415

Lack of carbon dioxide

Back 415

Acapnia

Front 416

Excision of adenoids

Back 416

Adenoidectomy

Front 417

Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in teh nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.

Back 417

Adenoids

Front 418

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia.

Back 418

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Front 419

They tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. Gas exchange takes place here.

Back 419

Alveoli

Front 420

Loss of the sense of smell.

Back 420

Anosmia

Front 421

Lack of oxygen.

Back 421

Anoxia

Front 422

A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung. Also called black lung or miner's lung.

Back 422

Anthracosis

Front 423

Destroys or prohibits the growth of microorganisms.

Back 423

Antibiotic

Front 424

Acts to control allergic symptoms by counteracting histamine.

Back 424

Antihistamine

Front 425

Controls or relieves coughing.

Back 425

Antitussive

Front 426

Directional term meaning tip or summit.

Back 426

Apex

Front 427

No voice.

Back 427

Aphonia

Front 428

The condition of not breathing.

Back 428

Apnea

Front 429

Lab test that measures the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in the blood, and the pH.

Back 429

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)

Front 430

A type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs; may lead to the development of lung cancer.

Back 430

Asbestosis

Front 431

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected soon.

Back 431

Asphyxia

Front 432

Disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respirations.

Back 432

Asthma

Front 433

Condition in which lung tissue collapses, which prevents the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Back 433

Atelectasis

Front 434

Another name for the eustachian tube connecting the middle ear and pharynx.

Back 434

Auditory Tube

Front 435

Listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope.

Back 435

Auscultation

Front 436

Directional term meaning bottom or lower part.

Back 436

Base

Front 437

Slow breathing

Back 437

Bradypnea

Front 438

An organ of the respiratory system that carries air into each lung.

Back 438

Bronchial tubes

Front 439

Results from a dilation of a bronchus or the bronchi that can be the result of infection. A major symptom is a large amount of purulent (pus-filled) sputum.

Back 439

Bronchiectasis

Front 440

The narrowest air tubes in the lungs.

Back 440

Bronchioles

Front 441

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that often occurs after other childhood infections such as measles.

Back 441

Bronchitis

Front 442

Dilates or opens the bronchi to improve breathing.

Back 442

Bronchodilator

Front 443

Malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi. Usually associated with smoking.

Back 443

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Front 444

An x-ray record of the lungs and bronchial tubes.

Back 444

Bronchogram

Front 445

Process of taking an x-ray of the lung after a radiopaque substance has been placed into the trachea or bronchial tree.

Back 445

Bronchography

Front 446

Surgical repair of a bronchial defect.

Back 446

Bronchoplasty

Front 447

An instrument to view inside the bronchus.

Back 447

Bronchoscope

Front 448

Using the bronchoscope to visualize the bronchi.

Back 448

Bronchoscopy

Front 449

An involuntary muscle spasm in the bronchi.

Back 449

Bronchospasm

Front 450

The distal end of the trachea splits into a left and right main bronchi as it enters each lung.

Back 450

Bronchus

Front 451

A waste product of cellular energy production. It is removed from the cells by the blood and eliminated from the body by the lungs.

Back 451

Carbon dioxide

Front 452

Taking a radiographic picture of the lungs and heart from the back and sides.

Back 452

Chest X-Ray

Front 453

Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods (10 to 60 seconds) of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing.

Back 453

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Front 454

The amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing.

Back 454

Tidal Volume (TV)

Front 455

The air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration. Also called complemental air.

Back 455

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Front 456

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration. Also called supplemental air.

Back 456

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Front 457

The air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.

Back 457

Residual Volume (RV)

Front 458

The volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale.

Back 458

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Front 459

The air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation.

Back 459

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Front 460

The total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.

Back 460

Vital Capacity (VC)

Front 461

The volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation.

Back 461

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Front 462

Placing a tube through the mouth, through the glottis, and into the trachea to create a patent airway.

Back 462

Endotracheal Intubation

Front 463

Nosebleed

Back 463

Epistaxis

Front 464

Coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum.

Back 464

Hemoptysis

Front 465

To breathe both fast(tachypnea) and deep(hyperpnea).

Back 465

Hyperventilation

Front 466

To breathe slow(bradypnea) and shallow(hypopnea).

Back 466

Hypoventilation

Front 467

A physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of internal organs.

Back 467

Internist

Front 468

Two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into the nose; one prong is inserted into each nares.

Back 468

Nasal Canula