Medical Terminology - Reproductive System

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Name for an infant from birth to 28 days of age

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neonate

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Persistent inability to conceive a child

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infertility

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Reproductive cell (spermatozoon in male, ovum in female)

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gamete

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Union of male and female gametes to form a zygote

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fertilization

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Female reproductive cell

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ovum, plural: ova

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Occurring after childbirth

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postpartum

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-partum

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childbirth; labor

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The medical specialty concerned with dx and tx of female reproductive disorders

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Gynecology

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amni/o

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anmiotic sac

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cervic/o

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neck; neck of uterus (cervix uteri)

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colp/o

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vagina

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vagin/o

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vagina

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galact/o

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milk

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lact/o

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milk

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gynec/o

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woman, female

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hyster/o

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uterus (womb)

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uter/o

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uterus (womb)

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mamm/o

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breast

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mast/o

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breast

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men/o

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menses; menstruation

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metr/o

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uterus (womb); measure

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nat/o

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birth

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oophor/o

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ovary

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ovari/o

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ovary

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perine/o

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perineum

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salping/o

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tube (usually fallopian or eustachian)

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vulv/o

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vulva

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episi/o

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vulva

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andr/o

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male

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balan/o

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glans penis

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gonad/o

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gonads, sex gland

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olig/o

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scanty

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orch/o

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testis (plural: testes)

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orchi/o

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testis (plural: testes)

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orchid/o

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testis (plural: testes)

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test/o

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testis (plural: testes)

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prostat/o

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prostate gland

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spermat/o

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spermatozoa, sperm cell

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sperm/i

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spermatozoa, sperm cell

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sperm/o

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spermatozoa, sperm cell

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varic/o

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dilated vein

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vas/o

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vessel; vas deferns; duct

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vesicul/o

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seminal vesicle

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-arche

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beginning

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-cyesis

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pregnancy

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-gravida

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pregnant woman

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-para

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to bear (offspring)

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-salpinx

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tube (usually fallopian or eustachian)

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-tocia

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childbirth, labor

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retro-

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backward, behind

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Vaginal fungal infection characterized by a curdy or cheeselike discharge and extreme itching

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candidiasis

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Inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is usually the result of infection or an STD

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cervicitis

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Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly in the oviducts

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ectopic pregnancy

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Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as pelvis or abdomen

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endometriosis

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Benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue

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fibroid (aka: leiomyoma)

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Abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities

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fistula

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Abnormal duct between the bladder and vagina that results in severe urine loss from the vagina

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vesicovaginal fistula

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Life-threatening disorder that develops after the 20th week of pregnancy; characterized by edema and proteinuria

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pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

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Nonconvulsive form of PIH that, if left untreated, may progress to eclampsia

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preeclampsia

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Convulsive form of PIH that may become life threatening

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eclampsia

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Inability of a woman to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a woman

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sterility

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Staphylococcal infection that occurs in menstruating women, most of whom use vaginal tampons

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toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

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Congenital absence of one or both testes

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anorchism (aka: anorchia)

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Inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms; associated with inadequate hygiene of the prepuce and phimosis

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balanitis

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Failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum

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cryptorchidism

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Congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip

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epispadias

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Congenital defect in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis instead of the tip

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hypospadias

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Inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection

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impotence (aka: erectile dysfunction)

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Stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis

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phimosis

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Any disease affecting the male or female reproductive system that is acquire a a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual

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sexually transmitted disease (STD); aka: venereal disease

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One of the most damaging STDs caused by bacteria causing cervicitis in women and urethritis in men

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chlamydia

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Warts in the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus and is possibly associated with cervical cancer in women

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genital warts

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Contagious bacterial infection commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and, occasionally, the pharynx or rectum

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gonorrhea

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Infectious, chronic STD characterized by lesions that change to a chancre and may involve any organ or tissue

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syphilis

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Protozoal infestation of the vagina, urethra, or prostate and the most common STD affecting men and women although symptoms are more common in women

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trichomoniasis

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Exam of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument

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colposcopy

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Radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium

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hysterosalpingography

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Visual exam of abdominal cavity thru one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus

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laparoscopy

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Radiography of the breasts used to diagnose benign and malignant tumors

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mammography

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Microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample obtained from the cervix and vagina using a swab in order to detect carcinoma

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Papanicolaou (Pap) test

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Exam of the prostate gland by finger palpation through the anal canal and the rectum

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digital rectal examination (DRE)

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Blood test used to screen for prostate cancer in which elevated levels of PSA are associated with prostate enlargement and cancer

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prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

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Procedure in which a suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incompetent cervix

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cerclage

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Surgical procedure that widens the cervical canal of the uterus so that the endometrium can be scraped

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dilation and curettage (D&C)

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Surgical removal of a uterus, a fallopian tube, and an ovary

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hysterosalpingooophorectomy

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Excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

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lumpectomy

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Complete or partial excision of one or both breasts, most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor

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mastectomy

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Reconstruction of a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease

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reconstructive breast surgery

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Sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off

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tubal ligation

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Surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis and usually performed on the male as an infant

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circumcision

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Surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia by inserting a resectoscope into penis and through the urethra to "chip away" at prostatic tissue

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transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

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These treat vaginal fungal infection, such as candidiasis

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antifungals

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These treat symptoms of menopause through hormone replacement therapy

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estrogens

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Synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone, relieve symptoms of menopause, and prevent osteoporosis in women

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hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

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These prevent ovulation in order to avoid pregnancy

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oral contraceptives

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Hormonal preparation used to increase sperm count in infertility cases

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gonadotropins

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Method of birth control that destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus

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spermicides