Medical Terminology Part 1

Front 1

Atrium

Back 1

Upper chambers of the heart

Front 2

Endocardium

Back 2

the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Underlies myocardium

Front 3

Myocardium

Back 3

The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.

Front 4

Pericardium

Back 4

the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels

Front 5

Ventricle

Back 5

Lower chambers of the heart.

Front 6

Aortic Valve

Back 6

that guarding the entrance to the aorta from the left ventricle

Front 7

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Back 7

that between the left atrium and left ventricle, usually having two cusps (anterior and posterior).

Front 8

Pulmonary (semilunar) valve

Back 8

that at the entrance of the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle

Front 9

Tricuspid Valve

Back 9

that guarding the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle

Front 10

Arteries

Back 10

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues, and organs of the body

Front 11

Capillaries

Back 11

The smallest arteries which, in the lung, are located next to the alveoli so that they can pick up oxygen from inhaled air.

Front 12

Venules

Back 12

small blood vessels that merge with the veins and return blood from other tissues to the heart

Front 13

Veins

Back 13

vessel in which blood flows toward the heart, in the systemic circulation carrying blood that has given up most of its oxygen

Front 14

Systemic Circulation

Back 14

the general circulation, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues, and returning venous blood to the right atrium

Front 15

Coronary Circulation

Back 15

is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle

Front 16

Pulmonary Circulation

Back 16

the flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, and back through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium

Front 17

Diastole

Back 17

The normal rhythmically occurring relaxation and dilatation of the heart chambers, especially the ventricles, during which they fill with blood.

Front 18

Systole

Back 18

the contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially of the ventricles.systol´ic

Front 19

Hypotension

Back 19

low blood pressure.

Front 20

Hypertension (HTN)

Back 20

High blood pressure

Front 21

Normotension

Back 21

Normal blood pressure

Front 22

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Back 22

cluster of hundreds of cells located in the right atrial wall of the heart near the opening of the superior vena cava. It constitutes a knot of modified heart muscle that generates impulses, which travel swiftly throughout the muscle fibers of both atria, causing them to contract.

Front 23

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Back 23

Highly specialized area of the heart muscle which transmits electrical impulses

Front 24

Bundle of His

Back 24

a band of atypical cardiac muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles of the heart, occurring as a trunk and two bundle branches; it propagates the atrial contraction rhythm to the ventricles, and its interruption produces heart block. The term is sometimes used specifically to denote only the trunk of the bundle

Front 25

Purkinje Fibers

Back 25

modified cardiac muscle fibers composed of Purkinje cells, occurring as an interlaced network in the subendothelial tissue and constituting the terminal ramifications of the cardiac conducting system.

Front 26

Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)

Back 26

considered to be present if the heart rate is in the normal range, the P waves are normal on the ECG, and the rate does not vary significantly

Front 27

Arteriosclerosis

Back 27

a stiffening of arteries

Front 28

Atherosclerosis

Back 28

is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol

Front 29

Thrombus

Back 29

blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis

Front 30

Embolus

Back 30

Something that travels through the bloodstream, lodges in a blood vessel and blocks it

Front 31

Stenosis

Back 31

abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.

Front 32

Occlusion

Back 32

the term is often used to refer to blood vessels, arteries or veins which have become totally blocked to any blood flow

Front 33

Ischemia

Back 33

restriction in blood supply, generally due to factors in the blood vessels, with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue

Front 34

Infarct

Back 34

the process of tissue death (necrosis) caused by blockage of the tissue's blood supply

Front 35

Angina Pectoris

Back 35

is severe chest pain[1] due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle,

Front 36

Aneurysm

Back 36

is a localized, blood-filled dilation (balloon-like bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall.

Front 37

Claudication

Back 37

cramping pains in the legs (usually the calf muscles, but may be in the thigh muscles) caused by poor circulation of the blood in the arteries to the leg muscles during exercise

Front 38

Diaphoresis

Back 38

excessive sweating commonly associated with shock and other medical emergency conditions

Front 39

Palpitation

Back 39

abnormality of heartbeat that causes a conscious awareness of its beating, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency

Front 40

Vegetation

Back 40

abnormal growth

Front 41

Arrhythmia

Back 41

any of a large and heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart. The heart beat may be too fast or too slow, and may be regular or irregular

Front 42

Bradycardia

Back 42

Slow heart beat

Front 43

Fibrillation

Back 43

rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers

Front 44

Flutter

Back 44

Abnormal heart rhythm

Front 45

Heart Block

Back 45

disease in the electrical system of the heart

Front 46

Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

Back 46

relatively common event where the heartbeat is initiated by the heart ventricles rather than by the sinoatrial node, the normal heartbeat initiator

Front 47

Tachycardia

Back 47

Fast heart beat

Front 48

Bacterial endocarditis

Back 48

Inflammation of the endocardium caused by infection of bacteria

Front 49

Cardiac tamponade

Back 49

an emergency condition in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium (the sac in which the heart is enclosed

Front 50

Cardiomyopathy

Back 50

which literally means "heart muscle disease," is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason