Medical Terminology Mod4

Front 1

aponeurosis

Back 1

flat fibrous sheet of connective tissue (similar to a tendon, but attaches buscleto bone or OTHER TISSUE)

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-ium

Back 2

tissue

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orthopedic surgeon

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treats injuries and disorders involving bones, joints, muscles, and tendons

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rheumatologist

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treats disorders that involve the inflammation of connective tissues including muscles

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neurologist

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treats the cause of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

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sports medicine

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treats sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles

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fasciitis

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inflammation of a fascie

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tenalgia

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pain in a tendon

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tendinitis

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inflammation of the tendons (caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

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adhesion

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band of fibrous tissue that holds structurs together abnormally (may form in muscles und internal organs as the result of an injury or surgery)

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myolysis

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degeneration of muscle tissue

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polymyositis

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chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles that is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy

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hernia

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protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it

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myocele

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protrusion of a muscle through ts ruptured sheath or fascia

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-cele

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means hernia

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atonic

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lack of normal muscle tone

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dystonia

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condition of abnormal muscle tone

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myotonia

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delayd relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction

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ataxia

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inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement

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tax

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means coordination

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Dystaxia (partial ataxia)

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difficulty in controlling voluntary movement

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Intermittent claudication

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complex of symptoms including cramplike pain of the leg muscles caused by poor circulation and may be an indication of a larger cardiovascular problem

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Spasm / cramp

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sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles

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spasmodic torticollis / wryneck

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a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

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Bradykinesia

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extreme slowness in movement

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brady-

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means slow

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Dyskinesia

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distortion or impairmnt of voluntary movement as in a tic or spasm

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Tardive dyskinesia

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late appearance of dyskinesia as a side effect of long-term treatment with certain antipsychotic drugs

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Myoclonus

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spasm or twitching of a muscle orgroup of muscles

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-clonus

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means violent action

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Nacturnal myoclonus

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jerking of the limbs that may occur normally as a person is falling asleep

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Singultus

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hiccups (myoclonus of the diaphragm)

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Myasthenia

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muscle weakness from any cause

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-asthenia

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means weakness or lack of strength

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Myastheia gravis (MG)

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chronic auntoimmune disease in which there is an abnormality in the neuromuscular function causing episodes of muscle weakness. MG most frequently affects the muscles that control eye movement, eyelids, chewing, swallowing, coughing and facial expression

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Myasthenia

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muscle weakness from cause

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Mscular dystrophy

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a group of inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system.

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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

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only males; appears between 2 and 6, andprogesses slowly; survival beyond 20s is rare

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Becker's muscular dystrophy

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only males; less severe, does not appear until early adolescence or adulthood. the profression is slower with survival well into mid to late adulthood

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Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

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chronic disorderof unknown cause characterized by widespread aching pain, tender joints, and fatigue. no joint deformity, not progressive, not crippling

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Tender points

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abnormal localied areas of soreness, are important diagnostic indicators of FMS. they occur at predictable loctions at teh base of the neck, along the backbone, in front of the hip and elbow, and at the rear of the knee and shoulder

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Repetitive stress disorders

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symptoms caused by repetitive motions that involve muscles, tendons, nerve, and joints. These conditions most commonly occur as workplace or sports injuries

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Ergonomics

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the study of human factors that affect the design and the operation of tools and the work environment

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Overuse injuries

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occur when minor tissue injuries due to overuse are not given time to heal. This type of injury may be caused by factors such as spending hours at the keyboard or by lengthy sports training sessions

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Myofascial damage

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caused by overworking muscles, results in tenderness and swelling of the muscles and their surrounding tissues

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Impingement syndrome

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whn tendons become inflamed and get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

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Cervical rediculopathy

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is nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region (radiculo means nerve root, and pathy means disease). This pressure may be due to muscle spasms due to repetitive motions or can be caused by compression of cervical vertebral disks.

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Epicondylitis

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inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

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Lateral epicondylitis

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outer side; tennis elbow

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Medial epicondylitis

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golfer's elbow

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Heel spurs

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associated with plantar fasciitis; benign bony growths on the dorsal surface of the calcaneus (heel bone). The pain associated with this condition is due to inflammation of the plantar fascia as it rubs against these bony growths

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sprain

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stretched or torn ligament

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strain

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stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment

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Myoparesis

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weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle

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hemiparesis

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slight paralysis of one side of the body

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SCI above C5

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allso affects respiration

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Hemiplegia

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total paralysis of one side of the body (usually associated with a stroke or brain damage)

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Deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

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tested with reflex hammer

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Electroneuromyography / nerve conduction studies

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procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of nerve trunk ccarrying fibers to and from the muscle

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analgesic

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relieves pain

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anticholineric drug

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antispasmodic

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Atropine

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antispasmodic that may be administered preoperatively to relax smooth muscles

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Carpal tunnel release

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surgical enlargement of teh carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve nerve pressure.

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Tenectomy

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surgical removal of a lesion from atendon or tendon sheath

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tenodesis

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to suture the end of a tendon to bone

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-desis

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means to bind or tie together

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tenolysis

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to free a tondom from adhesions

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tenonectomy

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surgical removal of part of a tendon for the purpose of shortening it

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tenotomy

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surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformit caused by abnormal shortenting of a muscle such as strabismus (crossed eyes)