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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oss/e or/ i
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bone
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osste/o
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bone
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ost/o
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bone
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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ligament/o
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ligament
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synov(i)/o
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synovial membrane or synovial fluid
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burs/o
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bursa
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-poietic
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pertaining to formation of
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process
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a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as attachments for muscles and tendons
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ankylosis
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loss/ absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, an injury, or a surgical procedure
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ankyl-
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crooked, bent, stiff
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arthralgia
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poin in a joint
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arthrosclerosis
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stiffness of the joints
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boursitis
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inflammation of a bursa (typically caused by repetitive movements)
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chondroma
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show-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
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-oma
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tumor
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chondromalacia
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abnormal softening of the cartilage
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hallux valgus
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bunion, ,abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
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valgus
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bent
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luxation
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dislocation (of bone from its joint)
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synovitis
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inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain
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gouty arthritis
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gout, type of arthritis associated with the formation of uric acid crystals in the joint as the result of hyperunricemia
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theumatoid arthritis
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also known as RA, is an autoimmune disorder. In contrast to osteoarthritis, the symptoms are generalized and usually more severe. In RA, the synovial membranes are inflamed and thicken. Other tissues are also attacked causing the joints to become swollen, painful, and immobile.
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ankylosing spondylitis
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a form of rheumatoid arthritis characterized by progressive stiffening of the spine caused by fusion of the vertebral bodies.
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herniated disk
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also known as a ruptured disk, is a rupture of the intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots
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lumbago
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low back pain
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-ago
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diseased condition
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spondylitis
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inflammation of the vertebrae
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spondyl
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vertebrae
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spondylolisthesis
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forward mvement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebra below it or on the sacrum
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-listhesis
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slipping
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spondylosis
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degenerative condition of the vertebrae
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spina bifida
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congenital defect occurs during early pregnancy in which teh spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord
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-bifida
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split
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kypohosis
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humpback spine
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-kyph
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hump
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lordosis
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swayback spine
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exostosis
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benign growth on the surface of a bone
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Paget's disease or osteitis deformans
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a disease of unknown cause that is characterized by extensive bone destruction followed by abnormal bone repair. As the disease progresses, the bones become deformed and weakened and may bend or break easily.
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piostits
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inflammation of the periosteum
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rickets
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is caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiencies in early childhood, results in demineralized bones and related deformities
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Talipes or clubfoot
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congenital deformity in which the foot may be turned outward or inward
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Ewing's sarcoma, orEwing's family of tumors
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a group of cancers that most frequently affects children or adolescents. A sarcoma is a malignant tumor of connective tissue and in Ewing's sarcoma they usually occur in the diaphyses in the arms and legs and then may spread rapidly to other body sites
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myeloma
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a malignant tumor composed of cells derived from hemopoietic (blood-forming) tissues of the bone marrow. Myeloma is usually progressive, may cause pathologic fractures, and is often fatal
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Vertebral crush fractures, also known as compression fractures of the spine,
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occur when one or more of the vertebrae become so weak that they collapse spontaneously or under minimal stress. This results in pain, loss of height, and development of the spinal curvature known as dowager’s hump. These changes in the spine cause the loss of height, crowding of the internal organs, and reduced lung capacity
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Colles' fracture or fractured wrist
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a fracture of the lower end of the radius. This occurs when a person tries to break a fall by landing on his hands and the trauma causes the weakened bone to break
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osteoporotic hip fracture
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broken hip - can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall. Complications from these fractures may result in death or the loss of function, mobility, and independence
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greenstick fracture
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incompletel fracture
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closed fracture, or simple or complete fracture
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bone is broken but no open wound in the skin
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Open fracture or compound fracture
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bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
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comminuted fracture
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bone is splintered or crushed
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compression fracture
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bone is pressed together
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spiral fracture
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bone has been twisted apart
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stress fracture
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a small crack in bones (from chronic excessive impact)
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fot ambolus
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may form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marroware released into the blood. (An embolus is any foreign matter circulating in the blood that may become lodged and block the blood vessel.)
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Crepitation
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crackling sensation that is felt and heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
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callus
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bulging deposit around the area of the break. the tissue eventually becomes bone
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arthrocentesis
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surgical puncture of the hoint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis
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Bone density testing (BDT)
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several radiation tests to determine bone density
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bone marrow biopsy (BMB)
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performed by inserting a sharp needle into the hipbone or sternum and removing bone marrow cells. This is performed as a diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal. This is also performed to find a donor match for a bone marrow transplant.
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bone scan
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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Dual x-ray absorptionmetry (DXA)
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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Ultrasonic bone density testing (bone sonometer)
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uses sound waves to take measurements of the heel bone. This is a screening test for osteoposoris or other conditions causing a loss of bone mass. If the test indicates risks, more definitive testing is indicated
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NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
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to control pain and reduce inflammation and swelling. eg. Aspirin
drawback: thin blood and attack the stomach lining |
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Acetaminophen
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controls pain without NSAIDs side effects; does not reduce inflammation and swelling
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bone marrow biopsy (BMB)
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performed by inserting a sharp needle into the hipbone or sternum and removing bone marrow cells. This is performed as a diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal. This is also performed to find a donor match for a bone marrow transplant.
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bone scan
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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antipyretic
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reduces or relieves fever
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Dual x-ray absorptionmetry (DXA)
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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COX-2 inhibitors
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control pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis while greatly reducing the side effects of NSAIDs. These medications are named for the two cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that are associated with arthritic pain and inflammation.
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Ultrasonic bone density testing (bone sonometer)
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uses sound waves to take measurements of the heel bone. This is a screening test for osteoposoris or other conditions causing a loss of bone mass. If the test indicates risks, more definitive testing is indicated
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bone marrow biopsy (BMB)
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performed by inserting a sharp needle into the hipbone or sternum and removing bone marrow cells. This is performed as a diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal. This is also performed to find a donor match for a bone marrow transplant.
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autologous transplant
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originating within an individual
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NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
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to control pain and reduce inflammation and swelling. eg. Aspirin
drawback: thin blood and attack the stomach lining |
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bone scan
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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allogenic
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originating within another
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Dual x-ray absorptionmetry (DXA)
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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Acetaminophen
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controls pain without NSAIDs side effects; does not reduce inflammation and swelling
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antipyretic
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reduces or relieves fever
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Ultrasonic bone density testing (bone sonometer)
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uses sound waves to take measurements of the heel bone. This is a screening test for osteoposoris or other conditions causing a loss of bone mass. If the test indicates risks, more definitive testing is indicated
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NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
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to control pain and reduce inflammation and swelling. eg. Aspirin
drawback: thin blood and attack the stomach lining |
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COX-2 inhibitors
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control pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis while greatly reducing the side effects of NSAIDs. These medications are named for the two cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that are associated with arthritic pain and inflammation.
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Acetaminophen
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controls pain without NSAIDs side effects; does not reduce inflammation and swelling
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autologous transplant
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originating within an individual
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antipyretic
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reduces or relieves fever
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allogenic
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originating within another
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COX-2 inhibitors
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control pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis while greatly reducing the side effects of NSAIDs. These medications are named for the two cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that are associated with arthritic pain and inflammation.
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autologous transplant
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originating within an individual
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allogenic
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originating within another
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bone marrow biopsy (BMB)
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performed by inserting a sharp needle into the hipbone or sternum and removing bone marrow cells. This is performed as a diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal. This is also performed to find a donor match for a bone marrow transplant.
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bone scan
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
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Dual x-ray absorptionmetry (DXA)
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use of nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer and osteomyelitis before these pathologies become visible on traditional radiographs.
|
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Ultrasonic bone density testing (bone sonometer)
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uses sound waves to take measurements of the heel bone. This is a screening test for osteoposoris or other conditions causing a loss of bone mass. If the test indicates risks, more definitive testing is indicated
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NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
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to control pain and reduce inflammation and swelling. eg. Aspirin
drawback: thin blood and attack the stomach lining |
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Acetaminophen
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controls pain without NSAIDs side effects; does not reduce inflammation and swelling
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antipyretic
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reduces or relieves fever
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COX-2 inhibitors
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control pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis while greatly reducing the side effects of NSAIDs. These medications are named for the two cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that are associated with arthritic pain and inflammation.
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autologous transplant
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originating within an individual
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allogenic
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originating within another
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cord blood
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collected immediately after birth, is a rich source of stem cells and has the potential of being an alternative to bone marrow transplants.
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arthroscopic surgery
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the treatment of the interior of a joint, such as the removal of torn cartilage, with the use of an arthroscope and instruments inserted through small incisions.
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arthrodesis, or fusion or surgical ankylosis
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surgical procedure to stiffen a joint or join spinal vertebrae
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arthrolysis
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surgical lossening of an ankylosed joint
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-lysis
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breaking down or destruction
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TKR
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Total knee replacement
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PKR
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partial knee replacement
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THR
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total hip replacement. two components. thigh component (metal shaft fitted into the femur with a metal ball at he top end) ball fits into a blastic lined cup-shaped socket that replaces the acetabulum within the hipbone
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revision surgery
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replacement of a worn or failed implant
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disketomy
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surgical removal of an intervertebral disk
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percutaneous diskectomy
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a thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured disk or to vaporize it with a laser
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laminectomy
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surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra
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spinal fusion
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a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together (fusing) two or more vertebrae. This may be performed with a diskectomy or laminectomy
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bone flap
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craniotomy
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osteoclasis
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surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
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-clasis
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to break
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manipulation
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the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation. Also known as closed reduction, the affected bone is returned to its normal anatomic alignment by application of manually applied forces and then is usually immobilized to maintain the realigned position
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traction
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a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment
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immobilization / stabilization
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holding sturing or fastening the bone in a fixed position with a strapping or a cast
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external fixation
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fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing. When healing is complete the appliance is removed
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internal fixation
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is also known as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), is a fracture treatment procedure in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. This form of fixation is not usually removed after the fracture has healed
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