Medical Terminology Ii Chapter 15

Front 1

Bones, muscles, and joints of the body

Back 1

Musculoskeletal system

Front 2

Structural support and protection of internal organs

Back 2

Bones

Front 3

Internal and external movement

Back 3

Muscles

Front 4

Where bones come together/type determined by need for flexibility

Back 4

Joints

Front 5

Bind muscles to bones

Back 5

Tendons

Front 6

Bind bones to bones

Back 6

Ligaments

Front 7

Replacement of cartilage with bone

Back 7

Ossification

Front 8

Cells that produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage

Back 8

Osteoblast

Front 9

Cells that nourish and maintain bone

Back 9

Osteocytes

Front 10

Cells that reabsorb or digest bone (remodels bone)

Back 10

Osteoclast

Front 11

Proper formation of bone depends on sources of

Back 11

Calcium, phosphorous, and vitamin D

Front 12

Enzyme that helps create hard bone

Back 12

Calcium phosphate

Front 13

Necessary for nerve transmittal to muscle, including heart muscle and muscles attached to bones

Back 13

Calcium

Front 14

Calcium level is maintained in the blood by

Back 14

Parathyroid gland

Front 15

Cushions joint and allows it to move smoothly

Back 15

Articular cartilage

Front 16

Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Back 16

Processes

Front 17

Openings or hollow regions help join bones or serve as passageways for nerves and/or vessels

Back 17

Depressions

Front 18

The 6 cranial bones

Back 18

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

Front 19

Condition that occurs if maxillary bones do not separate at birth

Back 19

Cleft palate

Front 20

Air cavities located in facial and cranial bone that lighten the skull and warm and moisten air as it passes into the respiratory system

Back 20

Sinuses

Front 21

Rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur forming the hip joint

Back 21

Acetabulum

Front 22

Outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

Back 22

Acromion

Front 23

Spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone

Back 23

Cancellous bone

Front 24

Flexible, connective tissue

Back 24

Cartilage

Front 25

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

Back 25

Collagen

Front 26

Shaft or mid portion of a long bone

Back 26

Diaphysis

Front 27

Flat, round, plate - like structure

Back 27

Disk

Front 28

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in the immature skeleton

Back 28

Epiphyseal plate

Front 29

Each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate

Back 29

Epiphysis

Front 30

6 facial bones

Back 30

Lacrimal, mandibular, ancillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

Front 31

Soft spot between the skull bones of an infant

Back 31

Fontanelle

Front 32

Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Back 32

Foramen magnum

Front 33

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

Back 33

Haversian canals

Front 34

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint

Back 34

Malleolus

Front 35

Upper portion of the sternum

Back 35

Manubrium

Front 36

Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Back 36

Mastoid process

Front 37

Central, hollowed - out area in the shaft of a long bone

Back 37

Medullary cavity

Front 38

Flared portion of a long bone, between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate

Back 38

Metaphysis

Front 39

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna

Back 39

Olecranon

Front 40

Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

Back 40

Orthopedist

Front 41

Bone tissue

Back 41

Osseous tissue

Front 42

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in vessels and nerve tissue

Back 42

Periosteum

Front 43

Medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation

Back 43

Physiatrist

Front 44

Area of confluence of the two pubic bones

Back 44

Pubic symphysis

Front 45

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

Back 45

Red bone marrow

Front 46

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Back 46

Sella turcica

Front 47

Pole- like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Back 47

Styloid process

Front 48

Immovable joint between bones

Back 48

Suture

Front 49

Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

Back 49

Trabeculae

Front 50

Lower, narrow portion of sternum

Back 50

Xiphoid process

Front 51

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

Back 51

Yellow bone marrow

Front 52

The knuckle- like process at the end of a bone near the joint

Back 52

Condyle

Front 53

Kyph/o

Back 53

Posterior curvature in thoracic region

Front 54

Lamin/o

Back 54

Lamina

Front 55

Lord/o

Back 55

Curve

Front 56

Orth/o

Back 56

Straight

Front 57

Scoli/o

Back 57

Crooked

Front 58

Spondyl/o

Back 58

Vertebra

Front 59

-clast

Back 59

To break

Front 60

-listhesis

Back 60

Slipping

Front 61

-physis

Back 61

To grow

Front 62

-porosis

Back 62

Pore, passage

Front 63

Acetabul/o

Back 63

Acetabulum (hip socket)

Front 64

Calcane/o

Back 64

Calcaneus (heal)

Front 65

Cost/o

Back 65

Ribs

Front 66

Ischi/o

Back 66

Ischium (part of pelvic bone)

Front 67

Olecran/o

Back 67

Olecranon (elbow)

Front 68

Perone/o

Back 68

Fibula

Front 69

Bony growth on surface of bone

Back 69

Exostosis

Front 70

Inflammation secondary to infection

Back 70

Osteomyelitis

Front 71

Congenital abnormality of hindfoot involving the talus

Back 71

Talipes (clubfoot)

Front 72

Decrease in bone density; thinning and weakening of bone

Back 72

Osteoporosis

Front 73

Coming together of two or more bones

Back 73

Joint (articulation)

Front 74

Crescent - shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity; acts as a protective cushion

Back 74

Meniscus

Front 75

Closed sacs of synovial fluid located near a joint

Back 75

Bursae

Front 76

Smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

Back 76

Articular cartilage

Front 77

Space between bones at a synovial joint

Back 77

Synovial cavity

Front 78

A freely moveable joint

Back 78

Synovial joint

Front 79

Ankyl/o

Back 79

Stiff

Front 80

Articul/o

Back 80

Joint

Front 81

Rheumat/o

Back 81

Watery flow

Front 82

-desis

Back 82

To bind, tie together

Front 83

Inflammation of any joint

Back 83

Arthritis

Front 84

Chronic progressive stiffening of joints, mostly spine

Back 84

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 85

Inflammation due to excessive uric acid in the body

Back 85

Gouty arthritis

Front 86

Autoimmune reaction against joint tissue

Back 86

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Front 87

Swelling of medial aspect of joint between big toe and first metatarsal bone

Back 87

Bunion

Front 88

Chronic inflammatory disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs affecting collagen in tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage all over the body

Back 88

Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Front 89

Muscles under voluntary control; move bones as well as face and eyes

Back 89

Striated

Front 90

Muscles controlled involuntarily; move internal organs

Back 90

Smooth

Front 91

Upward movement of the foot

Back 91

Dorsiflexion

Front 92

Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Back 92

Fascia

Front 93

Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves

Back 93

Insertion of a muscle

Front 94

Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

Back 94

Origin of a muscle

Front 95

Bending the sole of the foot downward

Back 95

Plantar flexion

Front 96

Leiomy/o

Back 96

Smooth muscle

Front 97

Plant/o

Back 97

Sole of the foot

Front 98

Rhabdomy/o

Back 98

Skeletal muscle connected to bone

Front 99

-asthenia

Back 99

Lack of strength

Front 100

Group of inherited diseases with progressive muscle weakness and degeneration without nervous system involvement

Back 100

Muscular dystrophy

Front 101

Chronic inflammatory myopathy; may be an autoimmune disorder

Back 101

Polymyositis

Front 102

Anterior curve in the lumbar region

Back 102

Lordosis

Front 103

Soft bones that can easily become deformed

Back 103

Osteomalacia (rickets)