Medical Terminology Final

Front 1

-Stenosis

Back 1

An abnormal narrowing, Suffix

Front 2

-Ologist

Back 2

specialist, Suffix

Front 3

-ostomy

Back 3

Surgical creation of an artificial opening, suffix

Front 4

-rrhaphy

Back 4

Surgical Suturing, Suffix

Front 5

Abduction

Back 5

Movement away from the body

Front 6

ACE Inhibitor

Back 6

A group of pharmaceuticals used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure; **remember what ACE stands for**

Front 7

"ACE" from the term ACE inhibitor

Back 7

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Front 8

Acetabulum

Back 8

-Part of the skeletal system; the part of the hip that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
-it is a large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis

Front 9

-commonly called "hip socket"

Back 9

Acetabulum

Front 10

Actinic Keratosis

Back 10

Pre-cancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin; looks like a red, scaly patch and feels like sandpaper.
**Keratosis means...??? Remember this!

Front 11

Keratosis

Back 11

Any growth of the skin like a wart, bump, etc.
-A localized horny overgrowth of the upper layer of skin such as a callus or wart

Front 12

Acute Renal Failure

Back 12

Sudden onset of one of the kidneys not functioning... often temporary, but can be fatal if not reversed promptly.

Front 13

Acyclovir

Back 13

Type of anti-viral drug.
Provides temporary means of immunity, but not a cure.

Front 14

Adenoma

Back 14

Benign tumor that arises in, or resembles glandular tissue

Front 15

Adrenal Medulla

Back 15

Middle (bottom) portion of the adrenal gland.
-secretes epenephrine and norepinephrine, two hormones important in stress response and which help liver to release glucose and limit release of insulin

Front 16

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Back 16

One of the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, it's function is to stimulate the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex.
**hint** remember what "tropic" means

Front 17

Aldosteronism

Back 17

-Type of endocrine disorder that is due to an electrolyte imbalance.
-caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone

Front 18

Alzheimer's disease

Back 18

Group of nervous disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, language.
-marked by progressive deterioration affecting both memory and reasoning

Front 19

Amenorrhea

Back 19

Abnormal absence of a mentstrual period for 3 months or more.
This condition is normal in females before puberty, during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, and after menopause.

Front 20

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 20

-rapidly progressing neurological disorder that attacks the nerves responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
-"lou gehrig's disease
-NOT a type of muscular dystrophy (these diseases are purely muscular without affecting nervous system)
-symptoms: progressive weakening, paralysis, death

*** hint *** trophic = trophy

Front 21

Anastomosis

Back 21

1. Surgical connection between 2 hollow or tubular structures

2. any type of network i.e. bloodvessels in lymph or cardiac system

Hint 21

***can have TWO meanings!!!***

Front 22

Anatomic Position

Back 22

Body stands straight and erect, arms at sides, palms turned toward front

Front 23

Androgens

Back 23

Group of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; influence sex-characteristics, but normally their production is minimal

Front 24

Aneurysm

Back 24

Localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.
-Rupture can be fatal because of the loss of blood
-Are named for the artery involved such as: aortic aneurysms

Front 25

Anoxia

Back 25

-Absence of oxygen from the body's gases, tissues, or blood.
-if continued for more than 4-6 minutes, irreversible brain damage can occur

Front 26

Anthracosis

Back 26

"black lung"
-known as coal miner's pneumoconiosis
-caused by coal dust in the lungs

Front 27

Anthrac/a

Back 27

Word part meaning "coal"

Front 28

Antiangiogenesis

Back 28

Form of treatment that stops blood flow to a malignant tumor which is making it's own blood supply

Front 29

Angiogenesis

Back 29

Process by which a malignant tumor supports it's own growth by creating it's own blood supply

Front 30

Anti-arrhythmic

Back 30

medicine administered to control irregularities of the heart

Front 31

Anuria

Back 31

-Absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Front 32

Anxiety Disorders

Back 32

Mental conditions characterized by excessive irrational fear of everyday situations
-fear that is out of proportion to the real danger

Front 33

Anxiolytic Drug

Back 33

Administered temporarily to relieve anxiety, reduce tension; tranquilizer
"anti-anxiety drug"

Front 34

Aphonia

Back 34

Loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

Front 35

Apnea

Back 35

Absence of spontaneous respiration
*opposite of eupnea

Front 36

Arachnophobia

Back 36

Abnormal fear of spiders

Front 37

Aterionecrosis

Back 37

Tissue death of an artery

Front 38

Arthrolysis

Back 38

Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

Front 39

Athroplasty

Back 39

Surgical repair of a joint

Front 40

Athr/o

Back 40

Joint

Front 41

Ascending tract

Back 41

Tract of nerves carrying impulses TOWARD the brain

Front 42

"tract" - referring to nervous system

Back 42

Bundle/group of nerves within the brain or spinal cord

Front 43

Ascites

Back 43

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
**symptom of liver cirrhosis

Front 44

Astigmatism

Back 44

Condition where the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea

Front 45

Atelectasis

Back 45

Collapse of all or part of a lung by:
1. blockage of air passage
2. very shallow breathing

Front 46

Atel/-

Back 46

word part meaning "incomplete", generally "incomplete or imperfect development"

Front 47

-ectasis

Back 47

suffix meaning "stretching" or "enlargement"

Front 48

Ather/o

Back 48

word part meaning "plaque" or "fatty substance"
-example of usage: Atheroma means a fatty deposit on the wall of an artery

Front 49

Atresia

Back 49

Absence of a normal opening, or failure of a structure to be tubular.
-Example: An "esophageal atresia" is when the esophagus ends in a pouch rather than opening into the stomach.

Front 50

Atrial fibrillation

Back 50

An arrhythmia where atria's contractions are replaced with irregular twitching of the heart muscle wall.
-Results in uncontrollable quivering of the atria

Front 51

Atrophy

Back 51

-Wearing away or weakness of body tissues and structures
-caused by disease or disuse

Front 52

-trophy

Back 52

Suffix meaning "development" or "nourishment"

Front 53

Autism

Back 53

Group of conditions in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships
-compulsively follows repetitive routines
-frequently has poor communication skills

Front 54

Autologous

Back 54

-coming from self; originating from within the individual
-example "an autologous bone marrow transplant" is when the person receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested

Front 55

Automated external defibrillator

Back 55

(AED)
-a device designed to be used by non-professionals when defibrillation is necessary
-device automatically tests the electrical rhythms of the heart and if necessary will shock the heart

Front 56

Benign

Back 56

Not cancer. Not malignant. A benign tumor does not invade surrounding tissue or spread to other parts of the body

Front 57

Bolus

Back 57

mass of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed

Front 58

Botulism

Back 58

Known as "food poisoning"; rare and serious.
-caused by a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum
-one of the most poisonous toxins known to man
-symptoms: paralysis, death

Front 59

Bradycardia

Back 59

Abnormally slow resting heartrate; generally if >60 beats per min.

Front 60

Brainstem

Back 60

Stalk-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord
-made up of: Pons, Medulla, Midbrain
-function: controls functions necessary for survival (breathing, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure), and for being awake/alert.

Front 61

Bruxism

Back 61

Grinding or gnashing of teeth;
-involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth usually occurring during sleep
-associated with stress

Front 62

Bulimia

Back 62

-continuous excessive hunger

Front 63

nervosa

Back 63

nervous condition

Front 64

Calcitonin

Back 64

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland; works with parathyroid hormone to control calcium blood and tissue levels.
-Decreases Calcium blood levels by moving it into the bones/teeth

Front 65

Capillaries

Back 65

type of blood vessel that is only one epithelial cell in thickness (only a tunica intima); smallest blood vessel in the body.
-role is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the tissues of the body through vast networks of vascular beds
-Slow flow of blood to allow plasma to flow into tissues for oxygen/nutrient exchange
-oxygen rich blood enters from arterioles, exits through venules

Front 66

Carcinoma

Back 66

An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
-Basically, skin cancer

Front 67

Three types of Carcinomas

Back 67

1. basal cell carcinoma - spreads through basal cells of the epidermis; most common and least harmful
2. squamous cell carcinoma - originates in squamous cells, quickly spreads to other body systems.
3. malignant melanoma - "melanoma" - occurs in skin's melanocytes, most serious type of skin cancer

Front 68

Cardiorrhexis

Back 68

Rupture of the cardiac muscle

Front 69

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Back 69

occurs when tendens that pass through wrist are inflamed and swollen, creating pressure on median nerve - causes pain and burning

Front 70

Catabolism

Back 70

The type of metabolism that involves the breaking down of nutrients or body cells into smaller molecules - release of energy and CO2

Front 71

Caudal

Back 71

Toward the lower part of the body, toward the feet, tail, etc.

Front 72

Causalgia

Back 72

persistent severe burning pain caused by the slightest touch; usually follows injury to a sensory nerve

Front 73

caus/o

Back 73

word part meanin "burning"

Front 74

Cerebrum

Back 74

largest, uppermost part of the brain, consists of 4 lobes
-functions: controls highest levels of thought, processes sensations and controls all voluntary muscle activity

Front 75

Cervical dysplasia

Back 75

this is the growth of abnormal cells which can be detected by a pap smear.
-without early detection, these cells can become malignant
**also known as Precancerous lesions in the cervix,

Front 76

Cheyne stokes respiration

Back 76

Alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea

**(no breathing/shallow breathing followed by rapid, deep breathing)

Front 77

Cholangiography

Back 77

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium; the test is used to identify obstructions in the liver or bile ducts the slow or block the flow of bile

Front 78

Cholecystalgia

Back 78

pain in the gallbladder

Front 79

cholecyst/o

Back 79

word part meaning "gallbladder"

Front 80

choleang/o

Back 80

word part meaning "bile duct"

Front 81

Chorionic villus sampling

Back 81

Examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi, which are minute, vascular projections on the chorion.
-test is done between the 8th and 10th weeks of pregnancy to search for genetic abnormalities

Front 82

Chorion

Back 82

thin outer membrane that encloses embryo - contributes to formation of placenta

Front 83

Choroid

Back 83

In the eyeball: opaque middle layer with blood vessels.
supplies blood to eye; it is the vascular layer between the sclera and retina

Front 84

Chondroplasty

Back 84

Surgical repair of damaged cartilage

Front 85

Chronic bronchitis

Back 85

Airways have become inflamed and thickened, there is an increase in number and size of mucus-producing cells.
-results in excess mucus-formation; causes coughing and difficulty getting air in and out of lungs

Front 86

Closed reduction

Back 86

attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation
-also known as manipulation
-affected bone is returned to its normal anatomic alignment by manually applied forces and then immobilized

Front 87

Cochlear implant

Back 87

implanted electronic device that helps give a deaf person a useful auditory understanding of the environment and/or hearing; can help them understand speech.
-external speech processor captures sounds, converts them into digital signals; electrodes receive signals and stimulate the auditory nerve.

Front 88

Colostrum

Back 88

Milk mother first produces immediately after giving birth - protein rich, low fat, with anti-bodies

Front 89

Colposcopy

Back 89

direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina.
-performed using a binocular magnifier known as a colposcope

Front 90

Comminuted fracture

Back 90

Where the bone is splintered or crushed

Front 91

Complement

Back 91

Group of proteins that circulate in blood in their inactive form until activated by contact with a non-specific antigen;
-role is to mark the foreign invader and attract phagocytes to destroy antigens
*opsinization
*attract inflammation
*cause cytolysis

Front 92

Congestive Heart Failure

Back 92

Chronic condition in which heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives; decreased pumping causes congestion.
*left-sided failure causes pulmonary edema
*right-sided failure causes fluid build up in feet/leg, other organs

Front 93

Conization

Back 93

surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix; performed as a diagnostic procedure or to remove abnormal tissue

Front 94

Contracture

Back 94

Scarring causes this...
definition: permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous ones.

Front 95

Convergence

Back 95

is the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other (being cross eyed); this is the effort to maintain single, binocular vision as an object gets closer

Front 96

Cortex

Back 96

the outer layer of an organ or other structure, as distinguished from its inner substance

Front 97

Cortisone

Back 97

the synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids;
administered to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant

Front 98

Costochondritis

Back 98

Inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum

Front 99

Cretinism

Back 99

Endocrine disorder caused by the underproduction of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism);
This is the congenital form - treatment must start soon after birth of physical/mental underdevelopment will occur

Front 100

Crohn's disease

Back 100

Chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, most often in the ileum and colon.
-generally penetrates EVERY tissue in affected area, resulting in scaring and thickening of the walls
*"crohn's colitis" = crohn's affecting the colon, "regional" ileitis = crohn's affecting the ileum.

Front 101

Cryosurgery

Back 101

-destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells such as warts or tumors through the application of liquid nitrogen ("freezing" off warts)

Front 102

Cry/o

Back 102

Word part meaning "cold"

Front 103

Cryptorchidism

Back 103

known as an undescended testicle
-this is the developmental failure of one or both testicles to descend into their normal position in the scrotum

Front 104

Crypt/o

Back 104

word part meaning "hidden"

Front 105

Orchid/o

Back 105

word part meaning "testicle"

Front 106

ism

Back 106

word part meaning 'abnormal condition'

Front 107

Cushing's syndrome

Back 107

Endocrine disorder caused by excessive amount of cortisol (adrenal cortex hormone).
Symptoms: rounded "moon" face
Caused by: body's overproduction of hormone, or by taking glucocorticoid medications to treat inflammatory diseases like asthma

Front 108

Cyst

Back 108

abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material. Term can also refer to a sac or versicle anywhere on the body, but most common kind is the sebaceous cyst.

Front 109

Cystic fibrosis

Back 109

genetic disorder of the lungs and pancreas where both organs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

Front 110

Deep vein thrombosis

Back 110

condition of having a thrombus attached to a wall of a deep vein - danger is that the thrombus will break loose and travel to lung or brain where it can be fatal

Front 111

Thrombus vs. Embolus

Back 111

Thrombus = blood clot attached to the interior wall of artery, vein
Embolus = foreign object such as a blood clot that is CIRCULATING in the blood - can be a thrombus that has broken off the artery wall...

Front 112

Dementia

Back 112

slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, judgment; often includes personality changes

Front 113

Dermatoplasty

Back 113

A skin graft;
-replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body

Front 114

Diabetes type I

Back 114

Type of Diabetes Mellitus, autoimmune deficiency; body does not make enough insulin.

Front 115

Diverticulum

Back 115

pockets in the lining of the colon

Front 116

Dorsiflexion

Back 116

toes facing upward

Front 117

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

Back 117

low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density - results are more accurate than utrasonic bone density testing

Front 118

Ductal carcinomas in situ

Back 118

breast cancer at it's earliest stage before cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.

Front 119

Dura mater

Back 119

thick outermost covering of the meninges; inner surface of cranium is lined with this

Front 120

Dwarfism

Back 120

Condition that happens when not enough growth hormone is produced before puberty
Abnormally short stature. Some forms are hereditary

Front 121

Dysmenorrhea

Back 121

Painful caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period

Front 122

Dysphagia

Back 122

difficulty in swallowing

Front 123

-phagia

Back 123

suffix meaning "eating" or "swallowing"

Front 124

Dysthymia

Back 124

low-grade chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than severe depression, but are present on majority of days for 2 or more years.

Front 125

thym

Back 125

word part meaning "mind" or "thymus"... yay two completely different meanings

Front 126

Dystonia

Back 126

abnormal muscle tone causing impairment of muscle movement

Front 127

Dysuria

Back 127

difficult or painful urination

Front 128

Eclampsia

Back 128

more serious form of preclampsia (pregnancy-induced-hypertension), characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma. treatment = delivery of child.

Front 129

Electromyography

Back 129

diagnostic test that measures electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
-examination is testing for impaired muscle strength

Front 130

elevation

Back 130

medical term of reference - raises a body part

Front 131

embolus

Back 131

foreign matter circulating in blood

Front 132

empyema

Back 132

collection of pus in a body cavity; example being "empyema of the pleural cavity"

Front 133

py/o

Back 133

word part meaning pus

Front 134

encephalitis

Back 134

Inflammation of the brain, can be caused by a viral infection such as rabies

Front 135

encephal/o

Back 135

word part meaning "brain"

Front 136

End-stage renal failure

Back 136

refers to the last stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss in the function of both kidneys. Without dialysis or a kidney transplant, this condition is fatal.

Front 137

Endocervicitis

Back 137

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix

Front 138

Episiotomy

Back 138

surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal

Front 139

episi/

Back 139

word part meaning "vulva"

Front 140

Epispadias

Back 140

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening -
In both male and female

Front 141

Dysplasia

Back 141

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, organs

Front 142

Equilibrium

Back 142

state of balance

Front 143

esophagastroduodenoscopy

Back 143

endoscopic procedure allowing direct examination of the upper GI tract including esophagus, stomach and upper duodenum

Front 144

eustachian tubes

Back 144

also known as auditory tubes
-narrow tubes that lead from middle ear to the nasal cavity and throat
-equalize pressure in ear with atmosphere

Front 145

exotropia

Back 145

disorder of eyes where they point in different directions with an outward deviation;
known as "walleye"

Front 146

factitious disorders

Back 146

condition in which an individual acts as if they act as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not really sick; visible symptoms are self-induced and motivation is to receive attention and sympathy

Front 147

Fascioplasty

Back 147

surgical repair of the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Front 148

FESS

Back 148

stands for "functional endoscopic sinus surgery"
-a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

Front 149

Fibrocystic breast disease

Back 149

presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts; occurs more frequently in older women

Front 150

Fibrous Dysplasia

Back 150

bone disorder of unknown origin that destroys bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue. leads to deformity and brittleness

Front 151

Fimbriae

Back 151

fringed, finger-like extensions of the infundibulum into the fallopian tube near the ovary

Front 152

fissure

Back 152

groove or crack-like sore of the skin, grooves in the skull, basically anywhere in the body

Front 153

flexion

Back 153

decreases an angle as in bending a joint - muscle movement

Front 154

Foramen

Back 154

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

Front 155

Fovea centralis

Back 155

the part in the retina that is the pit in the middle of the macula; color vision is best here because of the high concentration of cones

Front 156

Frontal lobe

Back 156

part of cerebrum - this is the lobe that controls skilled motor functions, memory and behavior

Front 157

functional

Back 157

-as a disorder this is one that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Front 158

Furuncle

Back 158

A (boil) is a skin infection caused by a staphylococal bacteria involving an entire hair follicle and nearby skin tissue.

Front 159

Gangrene

Back 159

tissue death (necrosis) caused by loss of circulation to affected tissues, then followed by bacterial invasion causing putrefaction - if this infection enters bloodstream, it is fatal.

Front 160

Gastralgia

Back 160

stomach pain

Front 161

Genital Herpes

Back 161

caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2
symptoms: itching, burning before appearance of lesions; there is currently no cure

Front 162

Genome

Back 162

mapping of an organism's genetic code;
-All of the genetic information, the entire genetic complement, all of the hereditary material possessed by an organism

Front 163

Geriatrician

Back 163

doctor specializing in aging, geriatrics

Front 164

gingivitis

Back 164

inflammation of the gingiva; the gingiva = gums

Front 165

glandular

Back 165

pertaining to a gland, pertaining to the endocrine system;
relating to or affecting or functioning as a gland; "glandular malfunctions

Front 166

gouty arthritis

Back 166

type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints; also known as "gout"
-condition develops when excess uric acid forms crystals in joints of feet and legs

Front 167

Grave's Disease

Back 167

Endocrine disorder involving hypersecretion of thyroid hormone;
-characterized by:
1. goiter
2. exophthalmos

Front 168

goiter

Back 168

abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland

Front 169

exophthalmos

Back 169

abnormal protrusion of eyeball out of the orbit

Front 170

Growth hormone

Back 170

secreted by anterior pituitary: responsible for growth of tissues, bone, muscle
-is a somatotropic hormone

Front 171

freakin a

Back 171

fml

Front 172

halitosis

Back 172

bad breath
-caused by dental diseases or gastric disorders

Front 173

hallucination

Back 173

sensory perception experienced in absence of external stimulation

Front 174

hematologist

Back 174

physician specializing in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissue

Front 175

hemiplegia

Back 175

total paralysis only on one side of the body

Front 176

hemi-

Back 176

word part meanin "half"

Front 177

-plegia

Back 177

suffix meaning "paralysis"

Front 178

-paresis

Back 178

suffix meaning "incomplete or partial paralysis"

Front 179

Hemoglobin

Back 179

iron carrying pigment of erythrocytes

Front 180

hermorrhagic stroke

Back 180

also known as a "bleed"
-occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks, or when an aneurysm in brain ruptures
-less common than ischemic strokes and is often fatal

Front 181

poop

Back 181

schedule

Front 182

heparin

Back 182

anti-coagulant that is released in response to injury

Front 183

hepatorrhagia

Back 183

hemorrhage into or from the liver

Front 184

hiatal hernia

Back 184

is a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm.

Front 185

hirsutism

Back 185

is excessive and increased hair growth on female humans in locations where the occurrence of terminal hair is only normal for a male

Front 186

Histology

Back 186

study of the body's tissues

Front 187

hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 187

malignancy concerning lymphatic tissues but is different in that it HAS lg. cancerous cells called reed sternburger cells

Front 188

Holter-Monitor

Back 188

portable electrocardiograph worn by a patient over a period of 24 hours

Front 189

Homeostasis

Back 189

process by which body maintains a constant environment

Front 190

hypercapnia

Back 190

abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in blood

Front 191

hyperhidrosis

Back 191

condition of sweating in one area or over the whole body

Front 192

hyperproteinurea

Back 192

excessive amounts of protein in urine

Front 193

hypochondriac

Back 193

means the region on left and right sides of the body that are covered by the lower ribs,
person exhibiting "hypochondriasis" (the irrational fear of having illness inappropriate to symptoms)

Front 194

hypokinesia

Back 194

abnormally decreased muscle function or activity

Front 195

ileum

Back 195

last and longest portion of sm. intestine

Front 196

ilium

Back 196

forms the back and sides of the pubic bone (hip bone)

Front 197

immunodeficiency

Back 197

when the immune system response is weakened, reduced, absent or not functioning properly (compromised in some way)
Ex. AIDS is caused by the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) - this infection kills cells of the immune system

Front 198

inflammation

Back 198

localized response to infection.
Cardinal signs:
redness, swelling, heat, pain

Front 199

Influenza

Back 199

acute, highly infections viral respiratory infection that is spread through respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during colder months

Front 200

insulin

Back 200

hormone secreted by the pancreas; main role is to reduce blood glucose levels

Front 201

Inter

Back 201

Word part meaning "between" or "among"

Front 202

Internal respiration

Back 202

exchange of gases within the cells of body organs, cells, tissues

Front 203

Interstitial Cystitis

Back 203

chronic inflammation within walls of the bladder. difference between this disorder and normal cyctitis is that it is WITHIN the walls, and it does not respond to normal treatment

Front 204

jaundice

Back 204

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes.
this condition is caused by too much bilirubin in the blood

Front 205

Koilonychia

Back 205

also known as "spoon nail"
-this is a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like a bowl or spoon
-often an indication of iron-deficiency anemia

Front 206

KUB

Back 206

Acronym standing for "Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder"
- this is a radiographic study of these structures WITHOUT the use of a contrast medium

Front 207

Kyphosis

Back 207

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
--also known as humpback, associated with aging

Front 208

Kyph/o

Back 208

word part meaning "hump"

Front 209

Laceration

Back 209

torn of jagged wound

Front 210

Lacrimal Ducts

Back 210

passageway that drains lacrimal fluid (tears) onto the nose

Front 211

laryngoplegia

Back 211

literally means paralysis of the larynx.

Front 212

Laser retinopexy

Back 212

treatment used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment

Front 213

-pexy

Back 213

word part meaning "surgical fixation"

Front 214

lateral

Back 214

medical term of direction meaning toward the side

Front 215

leuk/o

Back 215

word part meaning white

Front 216

leukopenia

Back 216

deficient amount of leukocytes in blood - any disorder caused by this

Front 217

hepat/o

Back 217

word part meaning liver.
accessory gland in the digestive system. has digestive and metabolism functions.

Front 218

lunula

Back 218

half-moon shaped region at every nail root. active site of nail where new keratin cells form

Front 219

lupus erythematosus

Back 219

autoimmune disorder charcterized by a red, scaly rash on face and upper trunk. Also attacks the connective tissue especially the joints.

Front 220

Luteinizing hormone

Back 220

hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary that stimulates the testes and the ovaries to produce their hormones, primarly progesterone and testoterone

Front 221

Lymphangioma

Back 221

*benign tumor formed by abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a CONGENITAL malformation of the lymphatic system

Front 222

Lymphoma

Back 222

general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissue

Front 223

macula

Back 223

very middle of the retina, clearly defined yellow area of sharpest vision
***fovea centralis is in very center of macula

Front 224

Macular degeneration

Back 224

gradually progressive degeneration in which macula (at center of retina) is damaged resulting in the loss of central vision, but not in total blindness...

Front 225

Malignant melanoma

Back 225

type of carcinoma that is the fastest spreading, but the most rare;
occurs in the melanocytes of the skin

Front 226

manubrium

Back 226

bony structure the forms the upper portion of the sternum

Front 227

xyphoid process

Back 227

structure made of cartilage forming the lower portion of sternum

Front 228

mastopexy

Back 228

surgical fixation of the breast;
fixes sagging breasts through mammoplasty into a more elevated position

Front 229

medial

Back 229

term of reference meaning toward the middle

Front 230

mediastinum

Back 230

cavity between the lungs!!!!!!!! contains pericardial cavity too...

Front 231

Megaloblastic anemia

Back 231

blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.
-condition usually results from a deficiency of folic acid

Front 232

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Back 232

Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocyte production, and therefore melanin in skin

Front 233

Meniere's disease

Back 233

rare, chronic disease in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently producing attacks of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus

Front 234

Tinnitus

Back 234

ringing, buzzing sound in one or both ears - often associated with hearing loss

Front 235

Metastasis

Back 235

new cancer site resulting from the cancer metastasizing (moving)...

Front 236

Midsagittal Plane

Back 236

Cut directly down the center of the mid-line

Front 237

Multiparious

Back 237

means my momma

hahahaha just kidding

is a woman who has given birth two or more times

Front 238

Multiple Sclerosis

Back 238

progessive autoimmune disorder charcterized by inflammation that causes demylination of the myelin sheith

Front 239

Muscle Tissue

Back 239

My/o
Connective tissue that is either smooth, cardiac or skeletal...

Front 240

Myc/o

Back 240

I thinkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk fungus?
YESSSSSSSSSSS

Front 241

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Back 241

"pre-leukemia"
-a group of bone marrow disorders that are charcterized by insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction...

Hint 241

Myelo = spinal cord or bone marrow
dys = bad, difficult
-plast = ?
ic = pertaining to

Front 242

Myelopathy

Back 242

disease of the spinal cord/bone marrow

Front 243

myocardial

Back 243

heart muscle

Front 244

myocardial infarction

Back 244

heart attack; occlusion of one or more coronary arteries -
- tissue death of part of heart muscle - results in angina

Front 245

myocele

Back 245

herniation of a muscle through a tear in fascia surrounding it

Front 246

myoparesis

Back 246

weakness or slight muscularl paralysis

Front 247

myopia

Back 247

near-sightedness!
*remember that "opia" means "vision condition"

Front 248

myorrhexis

Back 248

rupture of a muscle

Front 249

myosarcoma

Back 249

malignant tumor derived from muscle

Front 250

sarcoma

Back 250

malignant tumor derived from connective tissue

Front 251

myotonia

Back 251

muscle tone

Front 252

myringotomy

Back 252

surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes

Front 253

myring/o

Back 253

word part meaning ear drum

tympan/o also means this...

Front 254

Myexedema

Back 254

adult hypo-thyroidism

Front 255

Nasopharyngeal

Back 255

area corresponding to nasopharynx

Front 256

Nebulizer

Back 256

what people use to inhale their inhaler medicine from...
-pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into vapor, then inhale it

Front 257

Nephrolithiasis

Back 257

presence of stones in the kidney

Front 258

Nephrolysis

Back 258

freeing a kidney from adhesions, can also describe a pathological condition of attack against renal cells

Front 259

Nephropyosis

Back 259

Suppuration of the kidney (formation of discharge or pus in the kidney)

Front 260

Neur/o

Back 260

nerves

Front 261

Neuritis

Back 261

inflammation of a nerve

Front 262

Neurogenic bladder

Back 262

urinary problem caused by interference of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of urination

Front 263

Neurorrhaphy

Back 263

surgically suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

Front 264

neutrophils

Back 264

most abundant leukocyte, granular and involved with phagacytosis

Front 265

nocturia

Back 265

excessive urination at night

Front 266

nosocomial infection

Back 266

disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Front 267

Nyctalopia

Back 267

Night blindness

Front 268

Nyctal

Back 268

word part meaning "night"

Front 269

oblique

Back 269

slanted sideways

Front 270

oophorectomy

Back 270

surgical removal of the ovary

Front 271

origin

Back 271

point of attachment for a muscle that doesn't move much

Front 272

oropharynx

Back 272

part of pharynx associated with the mouth region

Front 273

orthopedic surgeon

Back 273

doctor who specializes in treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, muscles

Front 274

OS

Back 274

stands for left eye (Occulus sinister)

Front 275

Osteomyelitis

Back 275

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Front 276

osterorrhaphy

Back 276

surgical suturing or wiring together of bone

Front 277

ot/o

Back 277

word part for "ear"

Front 278

otopyorrhea

Back 278

pus discharge from the ear

Front 279

otosclerosis

Back 279

anklyosis (fusing together) of the bones in the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss

Front 280

Palpation

Back 280

examination technique where you use hands to feel body parts to find out texture, size, consistency, and location

Front 281

pandemic

Back 281

outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area

Front 282

panic attack

Back 282

anxiety disorder characterized by a group of intense emotional feelings that include apprehension, fearfulness and terror.
-feelings are accompanied by physical symptoms

Front 283

patella

Back 283

knee bone

Front 284

pediculosis capitis

Back 284

head lice infestation

Front 285

pelvic cavity

Back 285

body cavity which contains pelvic organs, generally reproductive organs and urinary organs

Front 286

perimetrium

Back 286

tough outer layer of the uterus

Front 287

perinatal

Back 287

time surrounding (during) birth

Front 288

persistent vegetative state

Back 288

type of coma in which patient exhibits alternating sleep/wake cycles, but appears to be unconscious even when awake due to severe brain damage

Front 289

pertussis

Back 289

whooping cough
-contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of spasm-like coughs, followed by breathlessness and noisy inspiration

Front 290

pharyngotomy

Back 290

surgical incision into the pharynx

Front 291

phenylketonuria

Back 291

PKU
genetic disorder where essential digestive enzyme phenylalanin hydroxylase is missing
-without early detection, this can cause mental retardation

Front 292

physiology

Back 292

study of the functions of body systems

Front 293

pineal gland

Back 293

gland of endocrine and nervous system - secretes melatonin

Front 294

pituitary gland

Back 294

two-lobed gland hanging from infundibulum below the hypothalamus;
primary function is to control activity of other glands

Front 295

pituitary gland: anterior lobe

Back 295

the anterior lobe of the pituitary:
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Thyroid Stim. hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Follicle stim. hormone
Leutinizing hormone
Melanocyte stim. hormone

Front 296

Placenta Previa

Back 296

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of uterus - painless sudden onset of bleeding in 3rd trimester

Front 297

Pleural Effusion

Back 297

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural space
-promotes feeling of breathlessness because lungs cannot fully expand

Front 298

Polymyositis

Back 298

muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Front 299

Polyphagia

Back 299

excessive hunger

Front 300

Posterior

Back 300

toward the back

Front 301

premature menopause

Back 301

condition where the ovaries stop functioning before age 40.
symptoms: bloating, mood swings, headaches, swelling

Front 302

presbycusis

Back 302

gradual loss of hearing associated with old age

Front 303

-cusis

Back 303

word part meaning "hearing'

Front 304

priapism

Back 304

painful erection lasting 4+ hours
-caused by medications, blood-related disease

Front 305

primary bone cancer

Back 305

cancer originating in the bone

Front 306

Proctopexy

Back 306

surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

Front 307

Pronation

Back 307

term of reference meaning to face downward

Front 308

prostate gland

Back 308

male gland, part of reproductive system - surrounds the urethra

Front 309

pruitus vulvae

Back 309

severe itching of vaginal genitalia

Front 310

psoriasis

Back 310

common skin disorder characterized by red papules covered with slivery scales - on elbows, knews, scalp, back or butt

Front 311

pterygium

Back 311

benign growth on cornea that can become larger to distort vision

Front 312

pulmonary circulation

Back 312

flow of blood between the heart and lungs

Front 313

pulse oximeter

Back 313

external moniter placed on earlobe or finger to measure oxygen saturation in blood - normal reading = 95-100% saturation

Front 314

purpura

Back 314

appearance of multiple purple discolorations underneath the skin. larger than 2 mm

Front 315

pyelitis

Back 315

Inflammation of renal pelvis

Front 316

pyel/o

Back 316

word part meaning "renal pelvis"

Front 317

pyelonephritis

Back 317

inflammation of both kidneys and renal pelvis

Front 318

pyloric sphincter

Back 318

the hole/tube between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine

Front 319

Pyr/o

Back 319

word part meaning "fever' or 'fire"

Front 320

Pyromania

Back 320

disorder characterized by repeated, deliberate fire setting

Front 321

radiograph

Back 321

same as an x-ray;
uses x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and abnormalities

Front 322

recessive genes

Back 322

has to be inherited by both parents in order to have the condition - sickle cell anemia is recessive

Front 323

red bone marrow

Back 323

where blood cells are manufactured - is hemopoetic

Front 324

regurgitation

Back 324

bolus of food comes up the esophagus

Front 325

rhinophyma

Back 325

a bulbous nose - usually occuring in older men, characterized by hyperplasia (overgrowth) of nose tissue

Front 326

rhytidectomy

Back 326

also known as a "face lift";
this is the surgical removal of excess skin, fat around face to eliminate wrinkles "rhytid" means "wrinkle"

Front 327

Rickettsia

Back 327

small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks and mites
- cause of rocky mountain spotted fever

Front 328

Salpingitis

Back 328

inflammation of fallopian or eustachian tube

Front 329

sarcoma

Back 329

malignancy of connective tissue

Front 330

sciatica

Back 330

inflammation of sciatic nerve

Front 331

Scotoma

Back 331

"blind spot"

Front 332

second degree burn

Back 332

burn characterized by blisters and damage to epidermis and dermis

Front 333

sedative

Back 333

medicine that sedates, depresses central nervous system - causes this without making person sleep

Front 334

septicemia

Back 334

"blood poisoning"
systemic condition caused by spread of microorganisms and toxins in circulating blood

Front 335

sigmoid colon

Back 335

last part of colon before rectum

Front 336

Sign

Back 336

manifest, can be measured when diagnosing an illness - is objective evidence

Front 337

spasmodic toricollis

Back 337

"wry-neck"
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull head toward affected side

Front 338

spina bifida

Back 338

congenital defect;
occurs during pregnancy when spinal canal fails to close completely around spinal cord

Front 339

spleen

Back 339

part of the lymph system - filters blood
word part = splen/o

Front 340

staphylococcus aureus

Back 340

bacteria (grape-shaped) that commonly affects wounds causing problems like toxic shock syndrom

Front 341

Stomatomycosis

Back 341

disease of the mouth due to a fungus

Front 342

Stomat/o

Back 342

word part meaning "mouth or oral cavity"

Front 343

Strawberry hemangioma

Back 343

soft, raised dark-reddish-purple birthmark;
often resolve by age 5 without treatment

Front 344

Streptococci

Back 344

Bacteria that form in chains, many are harmless, but some cause meningitis, necrotizing fascitis, etc.

Front 345

stress incontinence

Back 345

inability to control bladder during physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing

Front 346

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Back 346

bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera

Front 347

subluxation

Back 347

partial displacement of a bone from it's joint

Front 348

suffix

Back 348

end part of a word, generally refers to the procedure, condition, disorder or disease

Front 349

superior plane

Back 349

when body is divided by a transverse cut, the superior plane is the division toward the head

Front 350

suprapubic

Back 350

place just above the pubic bone

Front 351

systolic pressure

Back 351

point in time in cardiac cycle when ventricle is contracting...time of highest pressure

Front 352

T cells

Back 352

type of lymphocyte; made up of either helper or cytotoxic, mature in the thymus; play a huge role in immunity by killing infected cells on contact

Front 353

tarsorrhaphy

Back 353

partial surgical suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids
***********tars/o can mean eyelid!!!!

Front 354

Tenodesis

Back 354

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Front 355

Tenotomy

Back 355

surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle

Front 356

Testosterone

Back 356

male hormone secreted by testes

Front 357

Tetany

Back 357

condition of periodic painful muscle spasms and tremors

Front 358

Thrombocytes

Back 358

platelets; clotting factor

Front 359

thymus

Back 359

thym/o (remember "thym/o" can also mean "brain)

Front 360

thyroid cartilage

Back 360

what the larynx is made of mostly

Front 361

thyroid storm

Back 361

rare life-threatening condition caused by hyperthyroidism:
fever, chest pain, papitations, fatigue

Front 362

tinea pedis

Back 362

athlete's foot
fungal infection commonly developing between toes

Front 363

Yeast

Back 363

Type of fungus known as "candidiasis" - caused by a pathogenic yeast candida albicans

Front 364

Tissue Plasminogen

Back 364

thrombolytic activator (anti-coagulant) that is administered to patients having a heart attack or stroke - prevents damaging blood clots

Front 365

Torsion

Back 365

sharp pain in scrotum caused by twisting of the vas deferens

Front 366

toxoplasmosis

Back 366

parasite commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with feces

Front 367

triceps

Back 367

muscle branched in three divisions; forms posterior upper arm

Front 368

tuberculosis

Back 368

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis - usually attacks the lungs, and sometimes other parts of the body

Front 369

thymosin

Back 369

hormone secreted from thymus - plays role in immune function

Front 370

tympanometry

Back 370

the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear
**-metry means "to measure"

Front 371

uremia

Back 371

is a toxic condition in which kidney function is compromised and there is urea in the blood

Front 372

ureterectasis

Back 372

distention of a ureter

Front 373

ureteroplasty

Back 373

surgical repair of a ureter

Front 374

urethral meatus

Back 374

the external opening of the urethra

Front 375

urethrostenosis

Back 375

narrowing of the urethra, common with men

Front 376

varicella

Back 376

"chicken pox"
caused by herpes virus "varicella zoster"

Front 377

vascular surgeon

Back 377

surgeon who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management and surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels

Front 378

Ventilator

Back 378

mechanical device for artificial ventilation of lungs - replaces natural breathing function

Front 379

ventricular fibrillation

Back 379

rapid irregular and useless contractions of the ventricles;
V-fib
cause of many sudden cardiac deaths

Front 380

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 380

Abnormal opening between the vagina and the bladder allowing constant flow of urine from bladder into vagina

Front 381

viral

Back 381

pertaining to a virus

Front 382

visceral pleura

Back 382

pleural membrane that covers the lungs

Front 383

visual field testing

Back 383

"perimetry"
a test performed to determine losses in peripheral vision

Front 384

Vitiligo

Back 384

skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes - characterized by irregular patches of white skin

Front 385

Volvulus

Back 385

twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction

Front 386

Western Blot Test

Back 386

blood test that produces results to test for HIV - is more accurate than the ELISA test

Front 387

Wheal

Back 387

a "welt"
a small bump on skin that itches
Can be symptom of an allergic reaction

Front 388

Yellow bone marrow

Back 388

functions as fat storage area, located in the medullary cavity

Front 389

xiphoid process

Back 389

lower cartilage part of the sternum

Front 390

zygote

Back 390

first cell formed at union of sperm and egg at fertilization