Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
435 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
arteriole
|
small artery
|
|
|
catheter
|
tube for injecting or removing fluids
|
|
|
cortex
|
outer region; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)
|
|
|
hilum
|
depression or pit in that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
|
|
|
kidney
|
1 or 2 bean-shaped organs located behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region
|
|
|
meatus
|
opening or canal
|
|
|
medulla
|
inner region; the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla)
|
|
|
micturition
|
urination; the act of voiding
|
|
|
renal artery
|
carries blood to the kidney
|
|
|
renal pelvis
|
central collecting region in the kidney
|
|
|
renal vein
|
carries blood away from the kidney
|
|
|
trigone
|
triangular area in the bladder where the ureters enter and the urethra exits
|
|
|
ureter
|
tube leading from each kidney to the bladder
|
|
|
urethra
|
tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body
|
|
|
urinary bladder
|
sac that holds urine
|
|
|
urination
|
process of expelling urine; also called micturition
|
|
|
voiding
|
emptying of urine from the urinary bladder; urination or micturition
|
|
|
cali/o, calic/o
|
calyx (calix)
|
|
|
cyst/o
|
urinary bladder
|
|
|
glomerul/o
|
glomerulus (collection of capillaries)
|
|
|
meat/o
|
meatus
|
|
|
nephr/o
|
kidney
|
|
|
pyel/o
|
renal pelvis
|
|
|
ren/o
|
kidney
|
|
|
trigon/o
|
trigone (region of the bladder)
|
|
|
ureter/o
|
ureter
|
|
|
urethr/o
|
urethra
|
|
|
vesic/o
|
urinary bladder
|
|
|
albumin/o
|
albumin (a protein in the blood)
|
|
|
azot/o
|
nitrogen
|
|
|
bacteri/o
|
bacteria
|
|
|
dips/o
|
thirst
|
|
|
ket/o, keton/o
|
ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)
|
|
|
lith/o
|
stone
|
|
|
noct/i
|
night
|
|
|
olig/o
|
scanty
|
|
|
-poietin
|
substance that forms
|
|
|
py/o
|
pus
|
|
|
-tripsy
|
to crush
|
|
|
ur/o
|
urine (urea)
|
|
|
urin/o
|
urine
|
|
|
-uria
|
urination, urine condition
|
|
|
urinary incontinence
|
loss of control of the passage of the urine from the bladder
|
|
|
urinary retention
|
symptom results w/ the blockage to the outflow of urine from the bladder
|
|
|
glomerulonephritis
|
inflammation fo the kidney glomerulus
|
|
|
nephrolithiasis
|
kidney stones (renal calculi)
|
|
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
a group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis)
|
|
|
polycystic kidneys
|
multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) w/in & upon the kidney hereditary cond. usu. remains asymptomatic (w/out symptoms)
|
|
|
pyelonephritis
|
inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla
|
|
|
renal cell carcinoma
(hypernephroma) |
cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
|
|
|
renal failure
|
failure of the kidney to excrete wastes & maintain its filtration function
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
|
|
renal hypertension
|
high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
|
|
|
Wilms tumor
|
malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
|
|
|
bladder cancer
|
malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
|
|
|
diabetes insipidus
|
inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
|
|
|
diabetes mellitus
|
inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin
|
|
|
CT scan
|
X-ray image w/ detailed cross-sectional views of organs and tissues
|
|
|
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
|
X-ray image of the kidneys & ureters after injection of contrast into a vein
(also called excretory urogram) |
|
|
kidneys, ureters, & bladder (KUB)
|
X-ray examination (w/out contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, & bladder
|
|
|
renal angiography
|
X-ray examination (w/ contrast) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney
|
|
|
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
|
X-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injecting contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters
|
|
|
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
|
X-ray record (w/ contrast) of the urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra while the patient is expelling urine
|
|
|
ultrasonography
|
process of imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves
|
|
|
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
|
a magnetic field and radio waves produce images of the kidney and surrounding structures in all three planes of the body
|
|
|
cystoscopy
|
direct visual examination of urinary bladder w/ an endoscope (cystoscope)
|
|
|
dialysis
|
process of seperating nitrogenous waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function
|
|
|
hemodialysis (HD)
|
uses an artificial kidney machine
|
|
|
peritoneal dialysis (PD)
|
uses a peritioneal catheter, fluid is intoduced into the peritoneal cavity
|
|
|
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
|
shock waves crush urinary tract stones, which then pass from the body in urine
|
|
|
renal angioplasty
|
dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries
|
|
|
stents
|
metal meshed tube used to keep the vessel open
|
|
|
renal biopsy
|
removal of kidney tissue w/ microscopic examination by a pathologist
|
|
|
renal transplantation
|
surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient
|
|
|
urinary catherization
|
passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder
|
|
|
ARF
|
acute renal failure
|
|
|
BUN
|
blood urea nitrogen
|
|
|
Cath
|
catheter, catherization
|
|
|
CRF
|
chronic renal failure; progressive loss of kidney function
|
|
|
cysto
|
cystoscopic examination
|
|
|
ESRD
|
end-stage renal disease; see CKD
|
|
|
ESWL
|
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
|
|
|
HD
|
hemodialysis
|
|
|
IVP
|
intravenous pyelogram
|
|
|
KUB
|
kidney, ureter, and bladder
|
|
|
PD
|
peritoneal dialysis
|
|
|
UA
|
urinalysis
|
|
|
UTI
|
urinary tract infection
|
|
|
VCUG
|
voiding cystourethrogram
|
|
|
episiotomy
|
to avoid perineal tear, it is deliberately cut on a slant b/4 delivery
|
|
|
utero-ovarian ligament
|
holds the ovary in place
|
|
|
graafian follicles
|
contains an ovum
|
|
|
corpus luteum
|
empty graafian follicle that secretes estrogen & progesterone after releast of the egg cell (yellow body)
|
|
|
lactation
|
the production of milk
|
|
|
amniotic fluid
|
fluid in the amniotic cavity
|
|
|
afterbirth
|
expelled placenta
|
|
|
amnion
|
innermost membrane around the developing embryo
|
|
|
areola
|
dark-pigmented area around the breast nipple
|
|
|
Bartholin glands
|
small exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice
|
|
|
cervix
|
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
|
|
|
clitoris
|
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the urinary meatus
|
|
|
coitus
|
sexual intercourse; copulation
|
|
|
cul-de-sac
|
region w/in the pelvis, midway b/n the rectum and the uterus
|
|
|
embryo
|
stage in prenatal development from implantation of the fertilized ovum until the 2nd month of pregnancy
|
|
|
endometrium
|
inner mucous membrane lining the uterus
|
|
|
estrogen
|
hormone produced by the ovaries; responsible for promoting female secondary sex characteristics
|
|
|
fallopian tube
|
one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
|
|
|
fertilization
|
union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
|
|
|
fetus
|
embryo from the eighth week after fertilization until birth
|
|
|
fimbriae (plural)
|
finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
|
|
|
gamete
|
male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
|
|
|
genitalia
|
reproductive organs; also called genitals
|
|
|
gestation
|
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth; pregnancy
|
|
|
gonad
|
organ in the male (testis) and female (ovary) that produces gametes
|
|
|
gynecology
|
study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
|
|
|
mammary papilla
|
nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection
|
|
|
menarche
|
beginning of the first menstrual period during puberty
|
|
|
menopause
|
gradual ending of menstruation
|
|
|
menstruation
|
monthly shedding of the uterine lining
|
|
|
menses
|
the normal flow of blood & tissue that occurs during menstruation
|
|
|
myometrium
|
muscle layer lining the uterus
|
|
|
neonatology
|
branch of medicine that concentrates on the care of the newborn (neonate)
|
|
|
obstetrics
|
branch of medicine concerned w/ pregnancy & childbirth
|
|
|
orifice
|
an opening
|
|
|
ovary
|
one of a pair of female organs (gonads)on each side of the pelvis; almond shaped, size of lg walnuts,& produce egg cells (ova) and hormones
|
|
|
ovulation
|
release of the ovum from the ovary
|
|
|
ovum (plural: ova)
|
egg cell; female gamete
|
|
|
parturition
|
act of giving birth
|
|
|
perineum
|
in females, the area b/n the anus and the vagina
|
|
|
placenta
|
vascular organ that develops during pregnancy in the uterine wall, its a cmcn b/n maternal & fetal bloodstreams
|
|
|
pregnancy
|
growth & developmental process in a woman from fertilization through embryonic & fetal periods to birth; gestation
|
|
|
progesterone
|
hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
|
|
|
puberty
|
period of life when the ability to reproduce begins; secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
|
|
|
uterine serosa
|
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
|
|
|
uterus
|
female organ where embryo develops and from which menstruation occurs
|
|
|
fundus
|
upper portion of uterus
|
|
|
corpus
|
middle portion of the uterus
|
|
|
cervix
|
lower neck portion of the uterus
|
|
|
vagina
|
tube extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
|
|
|
vulva
|
external genitalia of the female; includes the labia, hymen, and clitoris
|
|
|
amni/o
|
amnion
|
|
|
cervic/o
|
cervix, neck
|
|
|
chori/o, chorion/o
|
chorion
|
|
|
colp/o
|
vagina
|
|
|
culd/o
|
cul-de-sac
|
|
|
episi/o
|
vulva
|
|
|
galact/o
|
milk
|
|
|
gynec/o
|
woman, female
|
|
|
gynecomastia
|
enlargement of one or both breasts in a male; often occurs w/ relation to drugs
|
|
|
hyster/o
|
uterus,womb
|
|
|
lact/o
|
milk
|
|
|
mamm/o
|
breast
|
|
|
mast/o
|
breast
|
|
|
men/o
|
menses, menstruation
|
|
|
metr/o, metri/o
|
uterus
|
|
|
my/o
|
muscle
|
|
|
myom/o
|
muscle tumor
|
|
|
nat/i
|
birth
|
|
|
obstetr/o
|
midwife
|
|
|
o/o, ov/o, ovul/o
|
egg
|
|
|
oophor/o, ovari/o
|
ovary
|
|
|
perine/o
|
perineum
|
|
|
phor/o
|
to bear
|
|
|
salping/o
|
fallopian tubes
|
|
|
uter/o
|
uterus
|
|
|
vagin/o
|
vagina
|
|
|
vulv/o
|
vulva
|
|
|
-arche
|
beginning
|
|
|
-cyesis
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
-gravida
|
pregnancy
|
|
|
-parous
|
to bear, bring forth
|
|
|
-rrhea
|
discharge
|
|
|
-salpinx
|
uterine tube
|
|
|
-tocia
|
labor, birth
|
|
|
-version
|
act of turning
|
|
|
dys-
|
painful
|
|
|
endo-
|
within
|
|
|
in-
|
in
|
|
|
intra-
|
within
|
|
|
multi-
|
many
|
|
|
nulli-
|
no, not, none
|
|
|
pre-
|
before
|
|
|
primi-
|
first
|
|
|
retro-
|
backward
|
|
|
carcinoma of the cervix
|
malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
|
|
|
cervicitis
|
inflammation of the cervix
|
|
|
carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)
|
malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
|
|
|
endometriosis
|
endometrial tissue is found in abnormal locations, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, supporting ligaments, or small intestine
|
|
|
cervicitis
|
inflammation of the cervix
|
|
|
carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)
|
malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
|
|
|
endometriosis
|
endometrial tissue is found in abnormal locations, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, supporting ligaments, or small intestine
|
|
|
fibroids
|
benign tumors in the uterus
|
|
|
ovarian carcinoma
|
malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma0
|
|
|
ovarian cystss
|
collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
|
|
|
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
|
inflammation in the pelvic region; salpingitis
|
|
|
carcinoma of the breast
|
malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
|
|
|
lumpectomy
|
small primary tumors of the breast, the lump and immediately surrounding tissue is removed
|
|
|
modified radical mastectomy
|
which is removal of the whole breast, lymph nodes, and adjacent chest wall muscle
|
|
|
fibrocystic disease
|
small sacs of tissue and fluid in the breast
|
|
|
abruptio placentae
|
premature separation of the implanted placenta
|
|
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
|
|
|
placenta previa
|
placentla implantation over the cervical os (opening) or in the lower region of the uterine wall
|
|
|
preeclampsia
|
abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by the triad of high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema
|
|
|
Apgar score
|
system of scoring an infant's physical condition 1 & 5 minutes after birth
|
|
|
Apgar score
|
scores are given for heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone, & response time
rated 0,1, or 2 max total 10 |
|
|
down syndrome
|
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy-21)results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face w/ a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes
|
|
|
erythroblastosis fetalis
|
hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility b/n the mother and fetus
|
|
|
hyaline membrane disease or
respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn |
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
|
|
|
hydrocephalus
|
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
|
|
|
pyloric stenosis
|
narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
|
|
|
Pap smear (test)
|
microscopic examination of stained cells from the vagina and cervix
|
|
|
speculum
|
instrument to hold apart the vaginal walls
|
|
|
pregnancy test
|
blood or urine test to detect the presence of HCG
|
|
|
hysterosalpingography
|
X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
|
|
|
mammography
|
x-ray imaging of the breast
|
|
|
pelvic ultrasonography
|
record of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
|
|
|
aspiration
|
w/drawl of fluid from a cavity or sac
|
|
|
cauterization
|
process of burning a part of the body
|
|
|
colposcopy
|
visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
|
|
|
conization
|
removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix
|
|
|
cyrosurgery or cryocauterization
|
use of cold temps to destroy tissue
|
|
|
culdocentesis
|
needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
|
|
|
dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)
|
widening of the cervix and scraping the endometrium of the uterus
|
|
|
laparoscopy
|
visual examination of the abdominal cavity
|
|
|
tubal ligation
|
blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring
|
|
|
abortion
|
spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the fetusc can exist on its own
|
|
|
amniocentesis
|
surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to w/draw amniotic fluid for analysis
|
|
|
cesarean section
|
surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
|
|
|
fetal monitoring
|
use of ultrasonography to record the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions during labor
|
|
|
AB
|
abortion
|
|
|
BSE
|
breast self-examination
|
|
|
C-section
|
cesarean section
|
|
|
CIS
|
carcinoma in situ
|
|
|
CS
|
cesarean section
|
|
|
Cx
|
cervix
|
|
|
D&C
|
dilation (dilatation) and cutterage
|
|
|
DUB
|
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
|
|
|
FHR
|
fetal heart rate
|
|
|
G
|
gravida (pregnant)
|
|
|
GYN
|
gynecology
|
|
|
HDN
|
hemolytic disease of the newborn
|
|
|
menstrual cycle
|
last 28 days
|
|
|
menstrual period
|
days 1-5 menstruation
|
|
|
post menstrual period
|
days 6-12
|
|
|
ovulatory period
|
days 13-14 on about day 14 ovulation occurs
|
|
|
pre-menstrual period
|
days 15-28
|
|
|
IUD
|
intrauterine device; contraceptive
|
|
|
LMP
|
last menstrual period
|
|
|
OB
|
obstetrics
|
|
|
Para; P
|
woman's reproductive history
|
|
|
Path
|
pathology
|
|
|
PID
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
|
|
PMS
|
premenstrual syndrome
|
|
|
RDS
|
respiratory distress syndrome
|
|
|
TAH-BSO
|
total abdominal hysterectomyw with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
|
|
|
bulbourethral gland
|
one of a pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra
|
|
|
Cowper gland
|
bulbourethral gland
|
|
|
ejaculation
|
ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra
|
|
|
ejaculatory duct
|
tube through which semen enters the urethra
|
|
|
epididymis (plural: epididymides)
|
one of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes lying on top of each testis; it carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
|
|
|
erectile dysfunction
|
inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence
|
|
|
fraternal twins
|
two infants born of the same pregnancy from two seperate ova fertilized by two different sperm
|
|
|
glans penis
|
sensitive tip of the penis
|
|
|
identical twins
|
two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos.
|
|
|
perineum
|
area b/n the anus and scrotum in the male
|
|
|
perpuce (foreskin)
|
skin covering the tip of the penis
|
|
|
prostate gland
|
gland in men at the base of the urinary bladder that secretes a fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
|
|
|
scrotum
|
external sac that contains the testes in men
|
|
|
semen
|
spermatozoa and fluid (prostatic and other glandular secretions)
|
|
|
seminal vesicle
|
either of paired sac-like male glands that secrete a fluid into the vas deferens
|
|
|
seminiferous tubules
|
narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes
|
|
|
spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)
|
sperm cell
|
|
|
sterilization
|
any procedure rendering an individual incapable of reproduction; for example, vasectomy and tubal ligation
|
|
|
testis (plural: testes)
|
male gonad that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone; testicle
|
|
|
testosterone
|
hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics
|
|
|
vas deferens or ductus deferens
|
narrow tube (one on each side) that carries sperm from the epididymis into the body and toward the urethra
|
|
|
andr/o
|
male
|
|
|
balan/o
|
glans penis
|
|
|
cry/o
|
cold
|
|
|
crypt/o
|
hidden
|
|
|
epididym/o
|
epididymis
|
|
|
gon/o
|
seed
|
|
|
hydr/o
|
water, fluid
|
|
|
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o
|
testis, testicle
|
|
|
prostat/o
|
prostate gland
|
|
|
semin/i
|
semen, seed
|
|
|
sperm/o, spermat/o
|
spermatozoa, semen
|
|
|
terat/o
|
monster
|
|
|
varic/o
|
varicose veins
|
|
|
vas/o
|
vessel, duct
|
|
|
zo/o
|
animal life
|
|
|
-genesis
|
formation
|
|
|
-one
|
hormone
|
|
|
-pexy
|
fixation, put in place
|
|
|
-stomy
|
new opening
|
|
|
carcinoma of the testes
|
malignant tumor of the testicles
|
|
|
cryptorchism, cryptorchidism
|
undescended testicles
|
|
|
hydrocele
|
sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
|
|
|
testicular torsion
|
twisting of the spermatic cord
|
|
|
varicocele
|
enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle
|
|
|
carcinoma of the prostate
|
malignant tumor of the prostate gland (DRE) (PSA)
|
|
|
prostate-specific antigen test (PSA)
|
measures levels of prostate-specific antigen in the blood
|
|
|
prostatic hyperplasia
|
benign growth of cells w/in the prostate gland; benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
hypertrophy (TURP) |
|
|
hypospadias; hypospadia
|
congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
|
|
|
phimosis
|
narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis; phim/o means to muzzle
|
|
|
communicable diseases
STD; VD; STI |
transmitted by sexual or genital contact
|
|
|
chlamydial infection
|
BACTERIA (chlamydia trachomatis) invade the urethra and reproductive tract of men and the vagina and cervix of women
|
|
|
gonorrhea
|
inflammation of the genital tract mucous membranes, caused by infection w/ gonococci (berry-shaped BACTERIA)
|
|
|
herpes genitalis
|
infection of the skin and mucosa of the genitals, caused by the herpes simplex VIRUS (HSV)
|
|
|
syphilis
|
chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped BACTERIUM) chancre
|
|
|
semen analysis
|
ejaculated fluid is examined microscopically
|
|
|
castration
|
surgical excision of testicles or ovaries
|
|
|
circumcision
|
surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis
|
|
|
digital rectal examination (DRE)
|
finger palpation through the rectum to examine the prostate gland
|
|
|
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
|
excision of parts of the prostate gland using a resectoscope through the urethra
|
|
|
vasectomy
|
bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens
|
|
|
BPH
|
benign prostatic hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy
|
|
|
DRE
|
digital rectal examination
|
|
|
GU
|
genitourinary
|
|
|
HSV
|
herpes simplex virus
|
|
|
PID
|
pelvic inflammatory disease
|
|
|
PSA
|
prostate-specific antigen
|
|
|
VD
|
veneral disease
|
|
|
STD
|
sexually transmitted disease
|
|
|
STI
|
sexually transmitted infection
|
|
|
TURP
|
transurethral resection of the prostate
|
|
|
conjunctiva
|
delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
|
|
|
cornea
|
fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
|
|
|
iris
|
colored portion of the eye
|
|
|
pupil
|
dark opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass
|
|
|
sclera
|
tough, white outer coat of the eyeball
|
|
|
aque/o
|
water
|
|
|
blephar/o, palpebr/o
|
eyelid
|
|
|
conjunctiv/o
|
conjunctiva
|
|
|
cor/o, pupill/o
|
pupil
|
|
|
corne/o, kerat/o
|
cornea
|
|
|
cycl/o
|
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
|
|
|
dacry/o, lacrim/o
|
tears, tear duct
|
|
|
ir/o, irid/o
|
iris
|
|
|
ocul/o, ophthalm/o
|
eye
|
|
|
opt/o, optic/o
|
eye, vision
|
|
|
papill/o
|
optic disc; nipple-like
|
|
|
phac/o, phak/o
|
lens of the eye
|
|
|
retin/o
|
retina
|
|
|
scler/o
|
sclera
|
|
|
uve/o
|
uvea; vascular layer of the eye
|
|
|
vitre/o
|
glassy
|
|
|
ambly/o
|
dull, dim
|
|
|
dipl/o
|
double
|
|
|
glauc/o
|
gray
|
|
|
mi/o
|
smaller, less
|
|
|
mydr/o
|
widen, enlarge
|
|
|
nyct/o
|
night
|
|
|
phot/o
|
light
|
|
|
presby/o
|
old age
|
|
|
scot/o
|
darkness
|
|
|
xer/o
|
dry
|
|
|
-opia, -opsia
|
vision
|
|
|
-tropia
|
to turn
|
|
|
astigmatism
|
defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
|
|
|
hyperopia (hypermetropia)
|
farsightedness
|
|
|
myopia
|
nearsightedness
|
|
|
presbyopia
|
impairment of vision as a result of old age
|
|
|
cataract
|
clouding of the lens,causing decreased vision
|
|
|
chalazion
|
small hard cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland) along the margin of the eyelid
|
|
|
dibetic retinopathy
|
retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)
|
|
|
glaucoma
|
increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina an optic nerve
|
|
|
hordeolum (stye)
|
localized, purulent, inflammatory, staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
|
|
|
retinal detachment
|
two layers of the retina separate from each other
|
|
|
strabismus
|
abnormal deviation of the eye
esotropia- one eye turns inward; cross-eyed exotropia- one eye turns outward; wall eyed hypertropia- upward deviation of one eye |
|
|
strabismus in children
|
lead to diplopia and possibly amblyopia (partial loss of vision or lazy eye)
|
|
|
opthalmoscopy
|
visual examination of the interior of the eye
|
|
|
visual acuity test
|
clarity of vision is assessed
patient read chart @ 20ft distance (20/20) |
|
|
visual field test
|
measures the area w/in which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead w/out moving the head
|
|
|
enucleation
|
removal of the entire eyeball
|
|
|
keratoplasty or corneal transplant
|
sugical repair of the cornea
|
|
|
laser photocoagulation
|
intense precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory rxt that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
|
|
|
LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis)
|
use of an eximer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) shaping the cornea
|
|
|
vitrectomy
|
removal of the vitreous humor
|
|
|
IOL
|
intraocular lens
|
|
|
IOP
|
intraocular pressure
|
|
|
OD
|
right eye; doctor of optometry
|
|
|
OS
|
left eye
|
|
|
OU
|
both eyes
|
|
|
VA
|
visual acuity
|
|
|
VF
|
visual field
|
|
|
auditory canal or external auditory meatus
|
channel that leads form the pinna to the eardrum
|
|
|
auditory meatus
|
auditory canal
|
|
|
auditory tube
|
channel b/n the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
|
|
|
auricle
|
flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear or pinna
|
|
|
cerumen
|
waxy substance secreted by the external ear; ear wax
|
|
|
cochlea
|
snail-shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
|
|
|
eustachian tube
|
auditory tube
|
|
|
incus
|
second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil
|
|
|
labyrinth
|
maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; this includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
|
|
|
malleus
|
first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer
|
|
|
ossicle
|
small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes
|
|
|
oval window
|
membrane b/n the middle and inner ears
|
|
|
pinna
|
auricle; flap of the ear
|
|
|
semicircular canals
|
pasages in the inner ear associated w/ maintaining equilibrium
|
|
|
stapes
|
third ossicle of the middle ear; stirrup
|
|
|
tympanic membrane
|
membrane b/n the outer and middle ear; eardrum
|
|
|
vestibule
|
central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea; the vestibule contains 2 structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium
|
|
|
acous/o, audit/o
|
hearing
|
|
|
audi/o
|
hearing, the sense of hearing
|
|
|
aur/o, auricul/o, ot/o
|
ear
|
|
|
cochle/o
|
cochlea
|
|
|
mastoid/o
|
mastoid process
|
|
|
myring/o, tympan/o
|
eardrum, tympanic membrane
|
|
|
ossicul/o
|
ossicle
|
|
|
salping/o
|
eustachian tube, auditory tube
|
|
|
staped/o
|
stapes (3rd bone of the middle ear)
|
|
|
vestibul/o
|
vestibule
|
|
|
-acusis, -cusis
|
hearing
|
|
|
-otia
|
ear condition
|
|
|
myringotomy
|
incision of the eardrum
|
|
|
otopyorrhea
|
flow of pus from the ear
|
|
|
acoustic neuroma
|
benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve) in the brain
|
|
|
cholesteatoma
|
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac w/in the middle ear
|
|
|
deafness
|
loss of ability to hear
|
|
|
Meniere disease
|
disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear marked by elevated endolymph pressure w/in the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) & semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops)
|
|
|
otis media
|
inflammation of the middle ear
|
|
|
otosclerosis
|
hardening of the bony tissue of the labyrinth of the ear
|
|
|
tinnitus
|
sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears
|
|
|
vertigo
|
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
|
|
|
ear thermometry
|
measurement of the temp. of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum
|
|
|
otoscopy
|
visual examination of the ear w/ an otoscope
|
|
|
AD, AU
|
right ear
|
|
|
AS
|
left ear
|
|
|
EENT
|
eyes, ears, nose, and throat
|
|
|
ENT
|
ears, nose, and throat
|
|
|
SOM
|
serous otitis media
|
|
|
otomycosis
|
disease of the ear produced by growth of fungi in the external auditory meatus
|
|
|
presbycusis
|
type of nerve deafness that occurs w/ aging
|
|
|
macrotia
|
abnormally large ears; congenital anomaly
|
|
|
microtia
|
abnormally small ears; congenital anomaly
|
