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355 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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testis, or testicle (pl. testes or testicles)
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primary male sex organs, paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone.
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sperm (spermatozoon, pl. spermatozoa)
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the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo
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testosterone
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the principal male sex hormone. Its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair
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seminiferous tubules
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approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
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epididymis
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coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens
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vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
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duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins. The urethra also connect with the urinary bladder and carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination
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seminal vesicles
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two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen.
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prostate gland
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encircles the upper end of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
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scrotum
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sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum.
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penis
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male organ of urination and copulation (sexual intercourse)
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glans penis
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enlarged tip on the end of the penis
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prepuce
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fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
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semen
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composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
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genitalia (genitals)
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reproductive organs (male or female)
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balan/o
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glans penis
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epididym/o
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epididymis
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orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o
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testis, testicle
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prostat/o
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prostate gland
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vas/o
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vessel, duct
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vesicul/o
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seminal vesicle
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andr/o
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male
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sperm/o, spermat/o
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spermatozoon
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anorchism
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state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
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balanitis
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inflammation of the glans penis
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balanorrhea
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discharge from the glans penis
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benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland)
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cryptorchidism
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state of hidden testes. (During fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near kidneys. Before birth they move down into the scrotal sac. Failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth results in cryptorchidism, or undescended testicles.)
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epididymitis
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inflammation of an epididymis
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orchiepididymitis
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inflammation of the testis and epididymis
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orchitis, orchiditis, testitis
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inflammation of the testis or testicle
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prostatitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland
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prostatocystitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland and the bladder
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prostatolith
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stone in the prostate gland
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prostatorrhea
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discharge from the prostate gland
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prostatovesiculitis
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inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
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erectile dysfunction (ED)
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the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly call impotence)
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hydrocele
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scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
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phimosis
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a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment.
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priapism
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persistant abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
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prostate cancer
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cancer of the prostate gland, usually occuring later in life
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testicular cancer
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cancer of the testicle, usually occuring in men 15 to 35 years of age
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testicular torsion
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twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain. Because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is often considered a surgical emergency.
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varicocele
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enlarged veins of the spermatic cord
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balanoplasty
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surgical repair of the glans penis
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epididymectomy
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excision of a epididymis
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orchidectomy, orchiectomy
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excision of the testis (bilateral orchidectomy also is called castration)
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orchidopexy, orchiopexy
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surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
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orchidotomy, orchiotomy
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incision into a testis
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orchioplasty
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surgical repair of a testis
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prostatectomy
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excision of the prostate gland
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prostatocystotomy
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incision into the prostate gland and bladder
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prostatolithotomy
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incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
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prostatovesiculectomy
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excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
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vasectomy
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excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)
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vasovasostomy
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creation of artificial openings between ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
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vesiculectomy
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excision of the seminal vesicle(s)
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circumcision
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surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
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hydrocelectomy
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surgical removal of a hydrocele
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radical prostatectomy (RP)
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excisitoin of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoscopically; used to treat prostate cancer
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suprapubic prostatectomy
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excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and thorugh an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (also called suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy)
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transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
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a surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions i the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged
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transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
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a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave
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transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
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surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
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transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
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an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves are sent and received by a transducer in the form of a probe that is placed into the rectum. The sound waves are transformed into an image of the prostate gland.
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prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
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a blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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semen analysis
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microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (also called a sperm count and sperm test)
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digital rectal examination (DRE)
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a physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and cancer of the prostate. BPH usually presents as a uniform, nontender enlargement, whereas cancer usually presents as a stony hard nodule.
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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a disease that affects the body's immune system, transmitted by exchange of body fluid during the sexual act, reuse of contaminated needles, or receiving contaminated blood transfusions (also called acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
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artificial insemination
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introduction of semen into the vagina by artificial means
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azoospermia
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lack of live sperm in the semen
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chlamydia
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a sexually transmitted disease, sometimes referred to as a silent STD because many people are not aware they have the disease. Symptoms that occur when the disease becomes serious are painful urination and discharge from the penis in men and genital itching, vaginal discharge, and bleeding between menstrual periods in women. The causative agent is C. trachomatis
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coitus
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sexual intercourse between male and female (also called copulation)
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condom
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cover for the penis worn during coitus to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted disease
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ejaculation
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ejection of semen from the male urethra
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genital herpes
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sexually transmitted disease cause by Herpesvirus hominis type 2 (also called herpes simplex virus)
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gonads
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male and female sex glands
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gonorrhea
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contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system
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heterosexual
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person who is attracted to a member of the oppsite sex
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homosexual
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person who is attracted to a member of the same sex
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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a type of retrovirus that causes AIDS. HIV infects T-helper cells of the immune system, allowing for opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia tuberculosis, and Kaposi sarcoma
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human papillomavirus (HPV)
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a prevalent sexually transmitted disease causing benign a cancerous growths in male and female genitals (also called venereal warts)
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infertility
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reduced or absent ability to produce offspring
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orgasm
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climax of sexual stimulation
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puberty
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period when secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins
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sexually transmitted disease (STD)
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diseases, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital herpes, transmitted during sexual contact (also called venereal disease and sexually transmitted infection (STI))
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syphilis
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chronic infection cause by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which usually is transmitted by sexual contact, may be acquired in utero, or (less often) contracted through direct contact with infected tissue. If untreated, the infection usually progresses through three clinical stages with a latent period. The initial local infection quickly become systemic with widespread dissemination of the bacterium
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trichomoniasis
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a sexually transmitted disease cause by a one-cell organism, Trichomonas. It infects the genitourinary tract. Men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, an enlarged prostate gland, or epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, and vaginal or urethral discharge.
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ovaries
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pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cells are formed and stored in the ovaries.
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ovum (pl. ova)
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female egg cell
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graafian follicles
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100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. It move to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube.
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uterine, or fallopian tubes
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pair of 5-inch (12 to 13 cm) tubes, attached to the uterus, that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus.
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fimbria (pl. fimbriae)
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finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube.
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uterus
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pear-sized and pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.
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endometrium
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inner lining of the uterus
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myometrium
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muscular middle layer of the uterus
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perimetrium
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outer thing layer that covers the surface of the uterus
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corpus, or body
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large central portion of the uterus
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fundus
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rounded upper portion of the uterus
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cervix (Cx)
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narrow lower portion of the uterus
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vagina
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a 3-inch (7-8 cm) tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body
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hymen
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fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina
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rectouterine pouch
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pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (also called Douglas cul-de-sac)
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Bartholin glands
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pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening
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mammary glands, or breasts
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pair of milk-producing glands of the female. Each breast consists of 15 to 20 divisions, or lobes
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mammary papilla
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breast nipple
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areola
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pigmented are around the breast nipple
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vulva, or external genitalia
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two pairs of lips (labia majora and labia minora) that surround the vagina
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clitoris
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highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra
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perineum
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pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus.
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-ism
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state of
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arche/o
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first, beginning
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cervic/o
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cervix
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colp/o, vagin/o
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vagina
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culd/o
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cul-de-sac
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episi/o, vulv/o
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vulva
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gynec/o, gyn/o
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woman
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hymen/o
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hymen
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hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i
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uterus
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mamm/o, mast/o
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breast
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men/o
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menstruation
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oophor/o
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ovary
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perine/o
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perineum
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salping/o
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uterine tube (fallopian tube)
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peri-
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surrounding (outer)
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-atresia
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absences of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure
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-salpinx
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uterine tube (fallopian tube)
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amenorrhea
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absence of menstrual discharge
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Bartholin adenitis
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inflammation of a Bartholin gland (called bartholinitis)
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cervicitis
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inflammation of the cervix
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colpitis, vaginitis
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inflammation of the vagina
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstrual discharge
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endocervicitis
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inflammation of the inner (lining) of the cervix
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endometritis
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inflammation of the inner (lining) of the uterus (endometrium)
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hematosalpinx
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blood in the uterine tube
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hydrosalpinx
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water in the uterine tube
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hysteratresia
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closure of the uterus (uterine cavity)
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mastitis
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inflammation of the breast
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menometrorrhagia
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rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstration (and between menstrual cycles; increased amount)
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menorrhagia
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rapid flow of blood at menstruation (increased amount)
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metrorrhagia
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rapid flow of blood from the uterus (between menstrual cycles)
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myometritis
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inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)
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oligomenorrhea
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scanty menstrual flow (less often)
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oophoritis
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inflammation of the ovary
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perimetritis
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inflammation surrounding the uterus (perimetrium)
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pyosalpinx
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pus in the uterine tube
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salpingitis
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inflammation of the uterine tube
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salpingocele
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hernia of the uterine tube
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vulvovaginitis
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inflammation of the vulva and vagina
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adenomyosis
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growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus
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breast cancer
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malignant tumor of the breast
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cervical cancer
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malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cellular dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
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endometrial cancer
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malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)
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endometriosis
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abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outisde of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, and uterus
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fibrocystic breast disease
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a disorder characterized by one or more benign cysts in the breast
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fibroid tumor
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benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)
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ovarian cancer
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malignant tumor of the ovary
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pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by many different pathogens. If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia
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prolapsed uterus
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downward displacemtn of the uterus into the vagina (also called hysteroptosis)
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toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
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a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women usuing tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
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vesicovaginal fistula
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abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina
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cervicectomy
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excision of the cervix
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colpoperineorrhaphy
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suture of the vagina and perineum (performed to mend perineal vaginal tears)
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colpoplasty
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surgical repair of the vagina
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colporrhaphy
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suture of the vagina (wall of the vagina)
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episioperineoplasty
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surgical repair of the vulva and perineum
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episiorrhaphy
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suture of (a tear in) the vulva
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hymenectomy
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excision of the hymen
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hymenotomy
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incision of the hymen
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hysterectomy
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excision of the uterus
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hysteropexy
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surgical fixation of the uterus
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hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
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excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
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mammoplasty
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surgical repaid of the breast (performed to enlarge or reduce in size, or to reconstruct after removal of a tumor)
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mastectomy
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surgical removal of a breast
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mastopexy
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surgical fixation of the breast (performed to lift sagging breast tissue or to create symmetry)
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oophorectomy
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excision of an ovary
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perineorrhaphy
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suture of (a tear in) the perineum
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salpingectomy
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excision of a uterine tube
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salpingo-oophorectomy
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excision of the uterine tube and ovary
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salpingostomy
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creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube (performed to restore patency)
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vulvectomy
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excision of the vulva
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subtotal hysterectomy
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excision of the uterus, excluiding cervix; rarely performed
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total hysterectomy
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excision of the uterus (abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic)
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panhysterectomy
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excision of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes (abdominal)
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radical hysterectomy
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excision of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes; lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and the surrounding tissues (abdominal)
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laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy
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vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laparoscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity. Laparoscopic instruments are used to sever the ligaments that hold the uterus is place.
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anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)
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surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina)
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conization
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the surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer (also called cone biopsy)
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dialation and curettage (D&C)
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dilation (widening) of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium wiht an instrument called a curette. It is performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents, such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage
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endometrial ablation
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a procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding
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laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery
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visual examination of the abdominal cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. It is used for surgical procedures such as tubal sterilization (closure of the uterine tubes), hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or biopsy of the ovaries. it may also be used to diagnose endometriosis
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myomectomy
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excision of a fibroid tumer (myoma) from the uterus
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sentinel lymph node biopsy
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an injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isoptope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If negative, no more nodes are removed.
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stereotactic breast biopsy
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a technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion.
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tubal ligation
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closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by typing (ligation) (the broader term "tubal sterilization" includes cauterizing the cue ends) (also called "tying of tubes")
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uterine artery embolization (UAE)
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minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. First, an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels. Once identified, tiny gelatin beads, about the size of grains of sand, are inserted into the vessels to create a blockage. The blockage stops the blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink.
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hysterosalpingogram
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radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes (after an injection of contrast agent)
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mammogram
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radiographic image of the breast
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mammography
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radiographic imaging of the breast (also called digital mammography when images are obtained electronically and viewed on a computer)
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sonohysterography (SHG)
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process of recording the uterus by use of sound (an ultrasound procedure)
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colposcope
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instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix)
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colposcopy
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visual examination (with a magnified view) of the vagina and cervix
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culdoscope
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instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac
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culdoscopy
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visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)
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hysteroscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)
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hysteroscopy
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visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)
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culdocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid from Douglas cul-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)
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transvaginal sonography (TVS)
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an ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility
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CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker)
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a blood test used in the detection of ovarian cancer. It is also used to monitor treatment and to determine the extent of the disease.
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Pap smear
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a cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells; most commonly used to detect cancers of the cervix (also called Papanicolaou smear or Pap test)
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gynecologist
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a physician who studies and treats diseases of women (female reproductive system )
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gynecology (GYN)
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study of women (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the female reproductive system)
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gynopathic
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pertaining to diseases of women
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leukorrhea
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white discharge (from the vagina)
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mastalgia
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pain in the breast
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mastoptosis
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sagging breast
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menarche
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beginning of menstruation (usually occuring between the ages of 11 and 16)
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vaginal
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pertaining to the vagina
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vulvovaginal
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pertaining to the vulva and vagina
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dyspareunia
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difficult or painful intercourse
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fistula
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abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface
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hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
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replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause
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menopause
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cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years
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premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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a syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache. Its cause is not fully understood
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speculum
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instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection
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gamete
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mature germ cell, either sperm (male) or ovum (female)
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ovulation
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expulsion of a mature ovum from an ovary
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conception, or fertilization
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beginning of pregnancy, when the sperm enters the ovum. Fertilization normally occurs in the uterine tubes
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zygote
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cell formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum
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embryo
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unborn offspring in the stage of development from implantation of the zygote to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy. This period is characterized by rapid growth of the embryo
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fetus
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unborn offspring from the beginning of the ninth week of pregnancy until birth
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gestation, pregnancy
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development of a new individual from conception to birth
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gestation period
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duration of pregnancy; normall 38 to 42 weeks, which can be divded into three equal periods, called trimesters
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implantation
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embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining. The process normally begins about 7 days after fertilization and continues for several days
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placenta, or afterbirth
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a structure that grows on thw all of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the unborn child
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amniotic, or amnionic, sac
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membranous bad that surrounds the fetus before delivery (also called bag of water)
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chorion
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outermost layer of the fetal membrane
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amnion
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innermost layer of the fetal membrane
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amniotic, or amnionic, fluid
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fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus
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amni/o, amnion/o
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amnion, amniotic fluid
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chori/o
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chorion
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embry/o
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embryo, to be full
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fet/o, fet/i
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fetus, unborn child
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gravid/o
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pregnancy
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lact/o
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milk
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nat/o
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birth
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omphal/o
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umbilicus, navel
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par/o, part/o
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bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
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puerper/o
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childbirth
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cephal/o
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head
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esophag/o
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esophagus (tube leading from the throat to the stomach)
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pelv/o, pelv/i
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pelvic bond, pelvis
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prim/i
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first
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pseud/o
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false
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pylor/o
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pylorus (pyloric sphincter)
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terat/o
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malformations
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ante-, pre-
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before
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micro-
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small
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multi-
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many
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nulli-
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none
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post-
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after
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-amnios
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amnion, amniotic fluid
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-cyesis
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pregnancy
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-e
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noun suffix, no meaning
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-is
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noun suffix, no meaning
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-partum
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childbirth, labor
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-tocia
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birth, labor
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-um
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noun suffix, no meaning
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-us
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noun suffix, no meaning
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amnionitis
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inflammation of the amnion
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chorioamnionitis
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inflammation of the chorion and amnion
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choriocarcinoma
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cancerous tumor of the chorion
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dystocia
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difficult labor
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hysterorrhexis
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rupture of the uterus
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oligohydramnios
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scanty amnion water (less than the normal amount of amniotic fluid, 500 mL or less)
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polyhydramnios
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much amnion water (more than the normal amount of amniotic fluid, 2000 mL or more) (also called hydramnios)
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abortion
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termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo before fetal viability, usually before 20 weeks of gestation
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abruptio placentae
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premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
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eclampsia
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severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion. Eclampsia is potentially life-threatening disorder
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ectopic pregnancy
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pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, commonly in the uterine tubes
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placenta previa
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abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix. (Dilation of the cervix can cause separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, resulting in bleeding. With severe hemorrhage, a cesarean section may be necessary to save the mother's life)
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preeclampsia
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abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria, but with no convulsions. The cause is unknown; if not successfully treated, the condition can progress to eclampsia. Eclampsia is the third most common cause of maternal death in the US after hemorrhage and infection
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microcephalus
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(fetus with a very) small head
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omphalitis
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inflammation of the umbilicus
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omphalocele
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herniation at the umbilicus (a part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall at birth)
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pyloric stenosis
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narrowing pertaining tot he pyloric sphincter. (Congenital pyloric stenosis occurs in 1 or every 200 newborns)
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tracheoesophageal fistula
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abnormal passageway pertaining to the esophagus and the trachea (between the esophagus and trachea)
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cleft lip and palate
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congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth (cleft indicates a fissure)
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Down syndrome
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genetic condition characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defects (formerly called mongolism)
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erythroblastosis fetalis
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condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes. The condition is usually caused by incompatibility of the infant's and mother's blood, occurring when the mother's blood is Rh negative and the infant's blood is Rh positive.
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esophageal atresia
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congenital absence of part of the esophagus. Food cannot pass from the baby's mouth to the stomach.
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fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
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a condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. Various birth defects may present, including central nervous system dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face.
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gastroschisis
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a congenital fissure of the abdominal wall not at the umbilicus. Enterocele, protrusion of the intestine, is usually present
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respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
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a respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants. In premature infants RDS is cause by normal immaturity of the respiratory system resulting in compromised respiration (formerly called hyaline membrane disease)
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spina bifida
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congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close. If the meninges protrude through the opening the condition is called meningocele. Protrusion of both meninges are spinal cord is called meningomyelocele.
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amniotomy
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incision into the amnion (rupture of the fetal membrane to induce labor; a special hook is generally used to make the incision)
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episiotomy
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incision of the vulva (perineum) (sometimes performed during delivery) (also called perineotomy)
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pelvic sonography
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pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound (pelvic ultrasound is used extensively to evaluate the fetus and pregnancy) (also called pelvic ultrasonography, pelvic ultrasound, and obstetric ultrasoography)
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amniocentesis
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surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid (the needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls, using ultrasound to guide the needle. The fluid is used for the assessment of fetal health and maturity to aid in diagnosing fetal abnormalities)
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amnioscope
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instrument used for visual examination of the amniotci fluid (and the fetus)
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amnioscopy
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visual examination fo amniotic fluid (and the fetus)
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amniochorial
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pertaining to the amnion and chorion
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amniorrhea
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discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid
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amniorrhexis
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rupture of the amnion
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antepartum
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before childbirth (reference to the mother)
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embryogenic
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producing an embryo
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embryoid
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resembling an embryo
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fetal
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pertaining to the fetus
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gravida
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pregnant (woman); (a woman who is or has been pregnant, regardless of pregnancy outcome)
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gravidopuerperal
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pertaining to pregnancy and childbirth (from delivery until reproductive organs return to normal)
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intrapartum
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within (during) labor and childbirth
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lactic
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pertaining to milk
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lactogenic
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producing milk (by stimulation)
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lactorrhea
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(spontaneous) discharge of milk
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multigravida
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many pregnancies (a woman who had been pregnant two or more times)
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multipara (multip)
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many births (a woman who has given birth to two or more viable offspring)
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natal
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pertaining to birth
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neonate
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new birth (an infant from birth to 4 weeks of age) (synonymous with newborn (NB))
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neonatologist
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physician who studies and treats disorders of the newborn
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neonatology
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study of the newborn (branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis and treatment of disorders in newborns)
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nulligravida
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no pregnancies (a woman who has never been pregnant)
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nullipara
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no births (a woman who has not given birth to a viable offspring)
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para
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birth (a woman who has given birth to an offspring, viable or stillborn)
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postnatal
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pertaining to after birth (reference to the newborn)
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postpartum
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after childbirth (reference to the mother)
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prenatal
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pertaining to before birth (reference to the newborn)
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primigravida
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first pregnancy (a woman in her first pregnancy)
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primipara (primip)
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first birth (a woman who has given birth to an offspring after the point of viability - 20 weeks)
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pseudocyesis
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false pregnancy (a woman who believes she is pregnant - this may be a psychological condition or related to underlying pathology, such as a uterine tumor)
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puerpera
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childbirth (a woman who has just given birth)
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puerperal
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pertaining to (immediately after) childbirth
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teratogen
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any agent producing malformations (in the developing embryo). Teratogens include chemical agents such as drugs, alcohol, viruses, x-rays, and environmental factors.
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teratogenic
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producing malformations (in the developing embryo)
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teratology
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study of malformations (usually in regard to malformations cause by teratogens on the developing embryo)
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mother
before birth after birth |
antepartum
postpartum |
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newborn
before birth afterbirth |
prenatal
postnatal |
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breech presentation
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birth position in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first
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cephalic presentation
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birth position in which any part of the head emerges first. It is the most common presentation
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cesarean section (CS, C-section)
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the birth of a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus (may also be spelled caesarean)
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colostrum
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thin, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins
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congenital anomaly
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abnormality present at birth; often discovered before birth by ultrasonography and/or amniocentsis
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in vitro fertilization (IVF)
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a method of fertilizing human ova outside the body and placgin the zygote into the uterus; used when infertility is present
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lactation
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the secretion of milk
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lochia
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vaginal discharge after childbirth
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meconium
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first stool of the newborn (greenish-black)
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midwife
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an individual who practices midwifery
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midwifery
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the practice of assisting in chlidbirth
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obstetrician
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physician who specializes in obstetrics
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obstetrics (OB)
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medical speciality dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium
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parturition
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act of giving birth
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premature infant
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infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation (also called preterm infant)
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puerperium
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period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal (approximately 6 weeks)
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quickening
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the first feeling of movement of the fetus in utero by the pregnant woman. It usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation.
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stillborn
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born dead
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DOB
EDD LMP VBAC |
date of birth
expected date of delivery last menstrual period vaginal birth after cesarean section |
