Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
258 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
hemopoietic
|
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
|
|
|
manubrium
|
bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
|
|
|
metacarpals
|
the five bones that form the palms of the hand
|
|
|
vertebrae
|
the bony structure units of the spinal column
|
|
|
acetabulum
|
hip socket, the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint
|
|
|
malleolus
|
the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle
|
|
|
metatarsals
|
form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached
|
|
|
orthopedic surgeon
|
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders inolving bones, joints, and muscles
|
|
|
podiatrist
|
specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
|
|
|
chondromalacia
|
the abnormal softening of cartilage
|
|
|
chondroma
|
a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
|
|
|
costochondritis
|
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
|
|
|
hallux valgus
|
bunion, an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
|
|
|
hemarthrosis
|
blood within a joint
|
|
|
subluxation
|
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
|
|
|
osteoarthritis
|
wearing away of the articular cartilage within the joints, degenerative joint disease
|
|
|
spondylosis
|
spinal osteoarthritis, a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and funtion
|
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
|
|
|
ankylosing spondylitis
|
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
|
|
|
lumbago
|
pain of the lumbar region (lower back) of the spine
|
|
|
spondylolisthesis
|
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
|
|
|
spina bifida
|
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
|
|
|
kyphosis
|
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
|
|
|
lordosis
|
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, sway back
|
|
|
scoliosis
|
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine sideways
|
|
|
craniostenosis
|
a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
|
|
|
fibrous dysplasia
|
a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue
|
|
|
osteitis
|
an inflammation of bone
|
|
|
osteomalacia
|
adult rickets, abnormal softening of bones in adults
|
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
|
|
|
osteonecrosis
|
the death of bone tissue due to lack of insufficient blood supply
|
|
|
Paget's disease
|
a bone disease of unknown cause, excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
|
|
|
periostitis
|
an inflammation of the periosteum
|
|
|
rickets
|
a deficiency disease occurring in children
|
|
|
myeloma
|
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
|
|
|
osteochondroma
|
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
|
|
|
osteoporosis
|
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
|
|
|
osteopenia
|
is thinner than average bone density in a young person
|
|
|
compression fracture
|
occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself
|
|
|
osteoporotic hip fracture
|
caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall, broken hip
|
|
|
open fracture
|
one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
|
|
|
comminuted fracture
|
one in which the bone is splintered or crushed
|
|
|
pathologic fracture
|
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
|
|
|
spiral fracture
|
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
|
|
|
crepitation
|
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
|
|
|
arthroscopy
|
the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
|
|
|
dual x-ray absorptometry
|
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
|
|
|
allogenic
|
originating within another
|
|
|
autologous
|
originating within an individual
|
|
|
orthotic
|
a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
|
|
|
prosthesis
|
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated
|
|
|
arthrodesis
|
the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint
|
|
|
arthrolysis
|
the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
|
|
|
synovectomy
|
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
|
|
|
percutaneous vertebroplasty
|
performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures
|
|
|
laminectomy
|
the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra
|
|
|
osteoclasis
|
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
|
|
|
osteorrhaphy
|
the surgical suturing of bones
|
|
|
bone density testing
|
BDT
|
|
|
closed reduction
|
CR
|
|
|
fracture
|
Fx
|
|
|
osteoarthritis
|
OA
|
|
|
osteoporosis
|
OP
|
|
|
temporomandibular joint
|
TMJ
|
|
|
total hip arthroplasty
|
THA
|
|
|
total joint arthroplasty
|
TJA
|
|
|
total knee arthroplasty
|
TKA
|
|
|
ankyl/o
|
crooked, bent, stiff
|
|
|
arthr/o
|
joint
|
|
|
chondr/o
|
cartilage
|
|
|
cost/o
|
rib
|
|
|
crani/o
|
skull
|
|
|
-desis
|
surgical fixation of bone/joint to bind/tie together
|
|
|
kyph/o
|
bent, hump
|
|
|
lord/o
|
curve, sway back, bent
|
|
|
-lysis
|
breakdown, seperation, setting free, destruction, loosening
|
|
|
myel/o
|
spinal cord/bone marrow
|
|
|
oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o
|
bone
|
|
|
scoli/o
|
curved, bent
|
|
|
spondyl/o
|
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
|
|
|
synovi/o, snov/o
|
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
|
|
|
-um
|
singular nound ending
|
|
|
abduction
|
the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
|
|
|
adduction
|
the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
|
|
|
circumduction
|
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
|
|
|
supination
|
turns the palm of the hand upward or forward
|
|
|
pronation
|
turns the palm of the hand downward or backward
|
|
|
dorsiflexion
|
bends the foot upward at the ankle
|
|
|
plantar flexion
|
bends the foot downward at the ankle
|
|
|
oblique
|
slanted or at an angle
|
|
|
sphincter
|
ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
|
|
|
exercise physiologist
|
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
|
|
|
physiatrist
|
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
|
|
|
fasciitis
|
inflammation of a fascia
|
|
|
fibromyalgia syndrome
|
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms
|
|
|
tenodynia
|
pain in a tendon
|
|
|
chronic fatigue syndrome
|
a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems
|
|
|
adhesion
|
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
|
|
|
atrophy
|
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
|
|
|
myocele
|
the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
|
|
|
myolysis
|
the degeneration of muscle tissue
|
|
|
polymyositis
|
a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
|
|
|
sarcopenia
|
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
|
|
|
atonic
|
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
|
|
|
dystonia
|
a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
|
|
|
hypertonia
|
a condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles
|
|
|
hypotonia
|
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
|
|
|
myotonia
|
a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction
|
|
|
ataxia
|
the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement
|
|
|
dystaxia
|
a mild form of ataxia
|
|
|
contracture
|
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
|
|
|
intermittent claudication
|
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
|
|
|
spasmodic torticollis
|
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
|
|
|
bradykinesia
|
extreme slowness in movement
|
|
|
dyskinesia
|
the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm
|
|
|
hyperkinesia
|
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
|
|
|
hypokinesia
|
abnormally decreased muscle function or activity
|
|
|
myoclonus
|
the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
|
|
|
nocturnal myoclonus
|
jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is fallilng asleep
|
|
|
singultus
|
hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
|
|
|
myasthenia gravis
|
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
|
|
|
muscular dystrophy
|
30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system
|
|
|
impingement syndrome
|
occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
|
|
|
carpal tunnel syndrome
|
occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
|
|
|
ganglion cyst
|
a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
|
|
|
epicondylitis
|
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
|
|
|
heel spur
|
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of planter fasciitis
|
|
|
plantar fasciitis
|
an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
|
|
|
sprain
|
an injury to a joint that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament
|
|
|
shin splint
|
a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
|
|
|
paralysis
|
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
|
|
|
myoparesis
|
a weakness or slight muscular paralysis
|
|
|
hemiparesis
|
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
|
|
|
hemiplegia
|
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
|
|
|
paraplegia
|
the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
|
|
|
quadriplegia
|
paralysis of all four extremities
|
|
|
electromyography
|
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
|
|
|
electroneuromyography
|
a diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscle
|
|
|
ergonomics
|
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
|
|
|
myofascial release
|
a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions
|
|
|
tenodesis
|
the surgical suturing or the end of a tendon to a bone
|
|
|
tenolysis
|
the release of a tendon from adhesions
|
|
|
tenorrhaphy
|
surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
|
|
|
myorrhaphy
|
the surgical suturing of a muscle wound
|
|
|
carpal tunnel syndrome
|
CTS
|
|
|
electromyography
|
EMG
|
|
|
fibromyalgia syndrome
|
FMS
|
|
|
hemiplegia
|
hemi
|
|
|
impingement syndrome
|
IS
|
|
|
intermittent claudication
|
IC
|
|
|
muscular dystrophy
|
MD
|
|
|
myasthenia gravis
|
MG
|
|
|
polymyositis
|
PM
|
|
|
quadriplegia
|
quad
|
|
|
repetitive stress disorder
|
RSD
|
|
|
bi
|
twice, two
|
|
|
-cele
|
hernia, tumor, swelling
|
|
|
dys
|
bad, difficult, painful
|
|
|
fasci/o
|
fascia, fibrous band
|
|
|
fibr/o
|
fiber
|
|
|
-ia
|
abnormal condition/disease
|
|
|
-ic
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
kines/o, kinesi/o
|
movement
|
|
|
my/o
|
muscle
|
|
|
-plegia
|
paralysis, stroke
|
|
|
-rrhexis
|
rupture
|
|
|
tax/o
|
coordination, order
|
|
|
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
|
tendon
|
|
|
ton/o
|
tension, tone, stretching
|
|
|
tri-
|
three
|
|
|
erythrocytes
|
red blood cells, red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow
|
|
|
leukocytes
|
white blood cells, the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances
|
|
|
atherosclerosis
|
hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries
|
|
|
atheroma
|
a characteristic of atherosclerosis, a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall
|
|
|
ischemic heart disease
|
a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
|
|
|
angina
|
a condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium
|
|
|
myocardial infarction
|
heart attack, the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup
|
|
|
endocarditis
|
an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
|
|
|
cardiomyopathy
|
the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle
|
|
|
valvulitis
|
an inflammation of a heart valve
|
|
|
cardiac arrest
|
an event in which the heart abruptly stops or develops a very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood
|
|
|
arrhythmia
|
an abnormality, or the loss of the normal rhythm of the heart beat
|
|
|
bradycardia
|
an abnormally slow resting heart rate
|
|
|
tachycardia
|
an abnormally rapid resting heart rate
|
|
|
atrial fibrillation
|
occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall
|
|
|
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
|
an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium
|
|
|
ventricular fibrillation
|
the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles
|
|
|
ventricular tachycardia
|
a very rapid heart beat that begins within the ventricles
|
|
|
Raynaud's phenomenon
|
a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress
|
|
|
aneurysm
|
a localized weak spot, or balloon-like enlargement, of the wall of an artery
|
|
|
chronic venous insufficiency
|
a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves
|
|
|
phlebitis
|
the inflammation of a vein
|
|
|
varicose veins
|
abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs
|
|
|
thrombosis
|
the abnormal condition of having a thrombus
|
|
|
thrombus
|
a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein
|
|
|
thrombotic occlusion
|
the blocking of an artery by a thrombus
|
|
|
coronary thrombosis
|
damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery
|
|
|
embolism
|
the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
|
|
|
embolus
|
a foreign object
|
|
|
blood dyscrasia
|
any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood
|
|
|
leukopenia
|
any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal
|
|
|
septicemia
|
blood poisoning, a systemic condition caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood
|
|
|
thrombocytopenia
|
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
|
|
|
transfusion reaction
|
a serious, and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient's blood and the donated blodd do not match
|
|
|
cholesterol
|
a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body
|
|
|
myelodysplastic syndrome
|
a group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow
|
|
|
leukemia
|
a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood
|
|
|
anemia
|
a lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood
|
|
|
aplastic anemia
|
an absense of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
|
|
|
hemolytic anemia
|
a condition of an inadequate number of circulation red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
|
|
|
megaloblastic anemia
|
a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal
|
|
|
pernicious anemia
|
caused by lack of the protein intrinsic factor that helps the body absorb vitamin B12
|
|
|
sickle cell anemia
|
a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sick shape
|
|
|
orthostatic hypotension
|
low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up
|
|
|
cardiac catheterization
|
a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart
|
|
|
electrocariogram
|
a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium
|
|
|
thallium stress test
|
performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise
|
|
|
ACE inhibitor
|
blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension
|
|
|
beta blocker
|
reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heart beat
|
|
|
diuretic
|
stimulates the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
|
|
|
anticoagulant
|
slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming
|
|
|
thrombolytic
|
clot busting drug, dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up
|
|
|
angioplasty
|
procedure in which a small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery by flattening the plaque deposit and stretching the lumen
|
|
|
atherectomy
|
the surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery
|
|
|
carotid endarterectomy
|
the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain
|
|
|
defibrillation
|
the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm
|
|
|
automated external defibrillator
|
designed for use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required
|
|
|
hemostasis
|
means to stop or control bleeding
|
|
|
anticoagulant
|
AC
|
|
|
atrial fibrillation
|
AF
|
|
|
cardiac catheterization
|
card cath, CC
|
|
|
cholesterol
|
C
|
|
|
chronic venous insufficiency
|
CVI
|
|
|
coronary artery disease
|
CAD
|
|
|
electrocardiogram
|
EKG, ECG
|
|
|
ischemic heart disease
|
IHD
|
|
|
minimally invasive direct coronary artery
|
MIDCAB
|
|
|
myocardial infarction
|
MI
|
|
|
peripheral artery disease
|
PAD
|
|
|
peripheral vascular disease
|
PVD
|
|
|
thallium stress test
|
TST
|
|
|
tissue plasminogen activator
|
tPA
|
|
|
ventricular fibrillation
|
VF
|
|
|
angi/o
|
blood or lymph vessel
|
|
|
aort/o
|
aorta
|
|
|
arteri/o
|
artery
|
|
|
ather/o
|
plaque, fatty substance
|
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
|
cardi/o
|
heart
|
|
|
-crasia
|
mixture, blending
|
|
|
-emia
|
blood, blood condition
|
|
|
erythr/o
|
red
|
|
|
hem/o, hemat/o
|
blood, relating to blood
|
|
|
leuk/o
|
white
|
|
|
phleb/o
|
vein
|
|
|
tachy-
|
fast, rapid
|
|
|
thromb/o
|
clot
|
|
|
ven/o
|
vein
|
