Medical Terminology Chapter 9

Front 1

ADH

Back 1

antidiuretic hormone

Front 2

BS

Back 2

blood sugar

Front 3

DM

Back 3

diabetes mellitus

Front 4

GH

Back 4

growth hormone

Front 5

ICSH

Back 5

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Front 6

IDDM

Back 6

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Front 7

LH

Back 7

luteinizing hormone

Front 8

NIDDM

Back 8

non-insuliun-dependent diabetes melitus

Front 9

PGH

Back 9

pituitary growth hormone

Front 10

PTH

Back 10

parathyroid hormone

Front 11

RAIU

Back 11

radioactive iodine uptake

Front 12

TSH

Back 12

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Front 13

CNS

Back 13

central nervous system

Front 14

CSF

Back 14

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 15

CVA

Back 15

cerebrovascular accident

Front 16

EEG

Back 16

electroencephalogram

Front 17

EMG

Back 17

electromyogram

Front 18

LP

Back 18

lumbar puncture

Front 19

po

Back 19

orally

Front 20

AP

Back 20

anteroposterior

Front 21

PA

Back 21

posteroanterior

Front 22

IV

Back 22

intravenously

Front 23

CT

Back 23

computed tomography

Front 24

PET

Back 24

positron emission tomography

Front 25

MRI

Back 25

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 26

Addison disease

Back 26

relatively uncommon chronic disorder caused by deficiency of cortical hormones; results when the adrenal cortex is damaged or atrophied; atrophy of the adrenal glands is usually the result of an autoimmune process in which circulating adrenal antibodies slowly destroy the gland

Front 27

Cushing syndrom

Back 27

cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol or adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) circulating in the blood

Front 28

diabetes

Back 28

general term that when used alone refers to diabetes mellitus, a disease that occurs in two primary forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Front 29

diabetes mellitus

Back 29

chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia and occurs in two primary forms, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Front 30

type 1 diabetes

Back 30

diabetes that is abrupt in onset and usually is diagnosed in children and young adults; it is due to the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, making this type of disease difficult to regulate; also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Front 31

type 2 diabetes

Back 31

diabetes that is gradual onset and is the most common form; it is usually diagnosed in adults older than age 40 and results from the body's deficiency in producing enough insulin or the body's cells are resistant to insulin action

Front 32

exophthalmos

Back 32

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball(s); may be due to thyrotoxicosis, tumor of the orbit, orbital cellulitis, leukemia, or aneurysm

Front 33

Graves disease

Back 33

multisystem autoimmune disorder that involves growth of the thyroid associated with hypersecretion of thyroxine

Front 34

insulinome

Back 34

tumor of the islets of Langerhans; pancreatic tumor

Front 35

myxedema

Back 35

advanced hypothyroidism in adults resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland; affects body fluids, causing edema and increasing blood volume, increasing the blood pressure

Front 36

panhypopituitarism

Back 36

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity

Front 37

pheochromocytoma

Back 37

small chromaffin cell tumor; usually located in the adrenal medulla

Front 38

pituitarism

Back 38

any disorder of the pituitary gland and its function

Front 39

Alzheimer disease

Back 39

chronic, organic mental disorder; a from of presenile dementia caused by a atrophy of frontal and occipital lobes

Front 40

cerebrovascular incident

Back 40

brain tissue damage caused by a disorder within the blood vessels; usually due to the formation of a clot or ruptured blood vessel; the resulting functional deficit depends on the area of the brain affected; also called apoplexy, cerebral infarction, stroke, or CVA

Front 41

epilepsy

Back 41

disorder affecting the central nervous system, characterized by recurrent seizures

Front 42

Huntington chorea

Back 42

hereditary nervous disorder caused by the progressive loss of brain cells, leading to bizarre, involuntary, dancelike movements

Front 43

hydrocephalus

Back 43

cranial enlargement caused by accumulation of fluid within the ventricles of the brain

Front 44

multiple sclerosis

Back 44

progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscular symptoms

Front 45

neuroblastoma

Back 45

malignant tumor composed principally of cells resembling neuroblasts; occurs chiefly in infants and children

Front 46

palsy

Back 46

partial or complete loss of motor function; paralysis

Front 47

Bell palsy

Back 47

facial paralysis caused by dysfunction of a facial nerve of unknown etiology

Front 48

cerebral palsy

Back 48

bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis usually caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can be hereditary

Front 49

parkinson disease

Back 49

progressive, degenerative neurological disorder affecting the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement

Front 50

poliopyelitis

Back 50

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Front 51

sciatica

Back 51

severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot

Front 52

seizure

Back 52

convulsion or other clinically detectable event caused by a sudden discharge of electrical activity in the brain that may be classified as partial or generalized; characteristic symptom of epilepsy

Front 53

shingles

Back 53

eruption of acute, inflammatory, herpetic vesicles on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve caused by herpes zoster virus

Front 54

spina bifida

Back 54

congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude; it usually occurs in the lumbosacral area and has several forms

Front 55

spina bifida occulta

Back 55

most common and least severe form of spina bifide without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Front 56

spina bifida cystica

Back 56

more sever type of spinal bifida; involves protrusion of the meninges, spinal cord, or both; the severity of the neurological dysfunction depends directly on the degree of nerve involvement

Front 57

transient ischemic attack

Back 57

temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, lasting a few minutes to a few hours

Front 58

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test

Back 58

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine either orally (po) or intravenously (IV)

Front 59

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Back 59

cerebrospinal fluid obtained from a lumbar puncture is evaluated for the presence of blood, bacteria, malignant cells, and the amount of protein and glucose present

Front 60

craniotomy

Back 60

surgical procedure to create an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

Front 61

hormone replacement therapy

Back 61

oral administration or injection o synthetic hormones to replace a hormone deficiency

Front 62

thalamotomy

Back 62

partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain

Front 63

aden/o

Back 63

gladn

Front 64

adren/o

Back 64

adrenal glands

Front 65

adrenal/o

Back 65

adrenal glands

Front 66

anter/o

Back 66

anterior, front

Front 67

calc/o

Back 67

calcium

Front 68

cerebr/o

Back 68

cerebrum

Front 69

encephal/o

Back 69

brain

Front 70

gli/o

Back 70

glue; neurological tissue

Front 71

gluc/o

Back 71

sugar, sweetness

Front 72

glyc/o

Back 72

sugar, sweetness

Front 73

mening/o

Back 73

meninges

Front 74

meningi/o

Back 74

meninges

Front 75

myel/o

Back 75

bone marrow

Front 76

neur/o

Back 76

nerve

Front 77

pancreat/o

Back 77

pancreas

Front 78

thym/o

Back 78

thymus gland

Front 79

thyroid/o

Back 79

thyroid gland

Front 80

vascul/o

Back 80

blood vessel

Front 81

acr/o

Back 81

extremities

Front 82

carcin/o

Back 82

cacner

Front 83

cyst/o

Back 83

bladder

Front 84

dermat/o

Back 84

skin

Front 85

enter/o

Back 85

intestine

Front 86

hem/o

Back 86

blood

Front 87

gastr/o

Back 87

stomach

Front 88

hepat/o

Back 88

liver

Front 89

hidr/o

Back 89

sweat

Front 90

nephr/o

Back 90

kidney

Front 91

ren/o

Back 91

kidney

Front 92

orchid/o

Back 92

testis

Front 93

orchi/o

Back 93

testis

Front 94

orch/o

Back 94

testis

Front 95

poster/o

Back 95

back (of body), behind, posterior

Front 96

scler/o

Back 96

hardening

Front 97

spin/o

Back 97

spine

Front 98

thromb/o

Back 98

blood clot

Front 99

toxic/o

Back 99

poison

Front 100

-ectomy

Back 100

excision, removal

Front 101

-lysis

Back 101

separation; destruction; loosening

Front 102

-pexy

Back 102

fixation (of an organ)

Front 103

-tome

Back 103

instrument to cut

Front 104

-tomy

Back 104

incision

Front 105

-algia

Back 105

pain

Front 106

-dynia

Back 106

pain

Front 107

-dipsia

Back 107

thirst

Front 108

-emia

Back 108

blood condition

Front 109

-gen

Back 109

forming, producing, origin

Front 110

-genesis

Back 110

forming, producing, origin

Front 111

-glia

Back 111

glue; neurological tissue

Front 112

-iasis

Back 112

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

Front 113

-ism

Back 113

condition

Front 114

-itis

Back 114

inflammation

Front 115

-lith

Back 115

stone, calculus

Front 116

-logist

Back 116

specialist in study of

Front 117

-logy

Back 117

study of

Front 118

-megaly

Back 118

enlargement

Front 119

-malacia

Back 119

softening

Front 120

-oid

Back 120

resembling

Front 121

-oma

Back 121

tumor

Front 122

-osis

Back 122

abnormal condition; increase

Front 123

-pathy

Back 123

disease

Front 124

-penia

Back 124

decrease; deficiency

Front 125

-phagia

Back 125

swallowing, eating

Front 126

-phasia

Back 126

speech

Front 127

-plegia

Back 127

paralysis

Front 128

-rrhagia

Back 128

bursting forth (of)

Front 129

-rrhea

Back 129

discharge, flow

Front 130

-uria

Back 130

urine

Front 131

a-

Back 131

without, not

Front 132

dys-

Back 132

bad; painful; difficult

Front 133

endo-

Back 133

within

Front 134

hyper-

Back 134

excessive, above normal

Front 135

hypo-

Back 135

under, below, deficient

Front 136

para-

Back 136

near, beside; beyond