Medical Terminology Chapter 7

Front 1

aden/o

Back 1

gland

Front 2

bacteri/o

Back 2

bacteria

Front 3

blast/o

Back 3

germ, bud, developing cell

Front 4

erythr/o

Back 4

red

Front 5

hem, hemat/o

Back 5

blood

Front 6

immun/o

Back 6

exempt, immunity

Front 7

leuk/o

Back 7

white

Front 8

lymph/o

Back 8

clear water or fluid

Front 9

path/o

Back 9

disease

Front 10

splen/o

Back 10

spleen

Front 11

thromb/o

Back 11

clot

Front 12

thym/o

Back 12

wartlike, thymus gland

Front 13

tox/o

Back 13

poison

Front 14

hematology

Back 14

the general field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease

Front 15

hematologist, hematopathologist

Back 15

a physician specializing in the treatment of disease associated with blood

Front 16

immunology

Back 16

the field of medicine that treats infectious disease; refers to the body's ability to defend against infection and includes a variety of mechanisms

Front 17

an-

Back 17

without, absence of

Front 18

iso-

Back 18

equal

Front 19

macro-

Back 19

large

Front 20

poly-

Back 20

excessive, over, many

Front 21

bacteri/o

Back 21

bacteria

Front 22

cyt/o

Back 22

cell

Front 23

erythr/o

Back 23

red

Front 24

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 24

blood

Front 25

leuk/o

Back 25

white

Front 26

poikil/o

Back 26

irregular

Front 27

tox/o

Back 27

poison

Front 28

-emia

Back 28

condition of blood

Front 29

-ia

Back 29

condition of

Front 30

-lysis

Back 30

loosen, dissolve

Front 31

-megaly

Back 31

abnormally large

Front 32

-osis

Back 32

condition of

Front 33

-penia

Back 33

abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

Front 34

-rrhage

Back 34

abnormal discharge

Front 35

anisocytosis

Back 35

condition of without equal cells; the presence of red blood cells of unequal size in a sample of blood

Front 36

bacteremia

Back 36

condition of bacteria in the blood

Front 37

erythropenia, erythrocytopenia

Back 37

abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood

Front 38

hemolysis

Back 38

the rupture of the red blood cell membrane; dissolve blood

Front 39

hemorrhage

Back 39

the abnormal loss of blood from the circulation

Front 40

leukopenia, leukocytopenia

Back 40

an abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood

Front 41

macrocytosis

Back 41

the presence of abnormally large red blood cells in a sample of blood

Front 42

poikilocytosis

Back 42

the presence of tear shaped red blood cells in a sample of blood; condition of irregular cell

Front 43

polycythemia, erythrocytosis

Back 43

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

Front 44

splenomegaly

Back 44

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

Front 45

thrombopenia, thrombocytopenia

Back 45

abnormally reduced number of platelets

Front 46

toxemia

Back 46

the presence of toxins in the bloodstream

Front 47

an-

Back 47

without, absence of

Front 48

ana-

Back 48

up, toward

Front 49

mono-

Back 49

one

Front 50

aden/o

Back 50

gland

Front 51

aut/o

Back 51

self

Front 52

botul/o

Back 52

sausage

Front 53

fung/o

Back 53

fungus

Front 54

globin/o

Back 54

protein

Front 55

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 55

blood

Front 56

hydr/o

Back 56

water

Front 57

iatr/o

Back 57

physician

Front 58

idi/o

Back 58

individual

Front 59

immun/o

Back 59

exempt, immunity

Front 60

leuk/o

Back 60

white

Front 61

-emia

Back 61

condition of blood

Front 62

-genic

Back 62

pertaining to producing

Front 63

-ial

Back 63

pertaining to

Front 64

-ic

Back 64

pertaining to

Front 65

-ism

Back 65

condition of disease

Front 66

-itis

Back 66

inflammation

Front 67

-oma

Back 67

tumor

Front 68

-osis

Back 68

condition of

Front 69

-pathy

Back 69

disease

Front 70

-philia

Back 70

loving, affinity for

Front 71

lymph/o

Back 71

clear water or fluid

Front 72

necr/o

Back 72

death

Front 73

nosocom/o

Back 73

hospital

Front 74

nucle/o

Back 74

kernel, nucleus

Front 75

path/o

Back 75

disease

Front 76

sept/o

Back 76

putrefying; wall or partition

Front 77

staphylococc/o

Back 77

Staphylococcus (bacterium)

Front 78

streptococc/o

Back 78

Streptococcus (bacterium)

Front 79

thym/o

Back 79

wartlike, thymus gland

Front 80

-phobia

Back 80

fear

Front 81

-phylaxis

Back 81

protection

Front 82

-rrhagic

Back 82

pertaining to abnormal discharge

Front 83

AIDS

Back 83

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

caused by HIV

Front 84

HIV

Back 84

Human Immunodeficiency Virus;

disables the immune response by destroying WBCs known as helper T cells

Front 85

Allergy

Back 85

the body's immune response to allergens, which are foreign substances that produce a reaction

Front 86

Allergic Rhinitis

Back 86

Hay fever

affects mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and throat

Front 87

Allergic Dermatitis

Back 87

affects the skin where it has been in physical contact with the allergen

Front 88

Anaphylaxis

Back 88

an immediate reaction to foreign substances that includes rapid inflammation, vasodilation, bronchospasms, and spasms of the GI tranct

Front 89

anemia

Back 89

the reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissues

Front 90

aplastic anemia

Back 90

red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells

Front 91

iron deficiency anemia

Back 91

caused by a lack of available iron, resulting int eh body's inability to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin

Front 92

sickle cell anemia

Back 92

the hemoglobin is defective within cells, resulting in misshaped RBCs that cause obstructions in blood vessels

Front 93

Pernicious Anemia

Back 93

caused by a failure to acquire vitamin B12 into the bloodstream for its delivery to red bone marrow, which requires it in order to produce new RBCs

Front 94

anthrax

Back 94

a bacterial disease that has been threatened to be used in bioterrism

Front 95

bioterrism

Back 95

the application of disease-causing microorganisms to cause harm to a population

Front 96

autoimmune disease

Back 96

a disease that is caused by a person's own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues

Front 97

botulism

Back 97

one lethal form of food-borne illness; the ingestion of food contaminated with the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum

Front 98

communicable disease

Back 98

contagious disease;

a disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another

Front 99

diphtheria

Back 99

an infection disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat;

characterized by the formation of an obstructive, leather-like membrane in the throat

Front 100

dyscrasia

Back 100

any abnormal condition of the blood

Front 101

edema

Back 101

the leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells causes swelling and is one aspect of inflammation

The swelling is called edema

Front 102

fungemia, fungal septicemia

Back 102

a fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by way of the bloodstream

Front 103

gas gangrene

Back 103

infection of a wound by various anaerobic bacteria, which cause additional damage to local tissues when blood flow is reduced to due to some reason, including frostbite or diabetes

Front 104

hematoma

Back 104

a mass of blood outside blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body, usually in a clotted form

Front 105

hemoglobinopathy

Back 105

a disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells

Ex: sickle cell anemia

Front 106

hemophilia

Back 106

an inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective or missing blood-clotting proteins that are necessary components in the coagulation process

Front 107

hemorrhagic fever

Back 107

an infectious disease that causes internal bleeding, or internal hemorrhage, and high fevers

Front 108

Hodgkin's Disease (Hodgkin's Lymphoma)

Back 108

a malignant form of cancer of lymphatic tissue that is characterized by the progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, fatigue, and deficiency of the immune response

Front 109

non-Hodgkin's lymphome

Back 109

more common

Front 110

iatrogenic disease

Back 110

a condition that is caused by a medical treatment

Front 111

idiopathic disease

Back 111

a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause

Front 112

immunodeficiency

Back 112

a condition resulting from a defective immune response

Front 113

immunocompromised

Back 113

used to describe a patient suffering from an immunodeficiency

Front 114

immunosuppression

Back 114

a reduction of an immune response may be caused by disease or by the use of chemical, pharmacological, or immunologic agents that results in the suppressed status of the immune response

Front 115

incompatibility

Back 115

the combination of two blood types that results in the destruction of red blood cells

Front 116

infection

Back 116

a multiplication of disease-causing microorganisms, or pathogens, in the body

Front 117

infectious disease

Back 117

a disease caused by infection

Front 118

inflammation

Back 118

the physiological process that serves as the body's initial response to injury and many forms of illness involves the swelling of body tissue;

results from the movement of plasma from capillaries into the extracellular space to produce edema

Front 119

influenza

Back 119

a viral disease characterized by fever and an acute inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes

Front 120

leukemia

Back 120

a form of cancer that literally means "condition of white blood cells";

originates from cells within the blood-forming tissues of the red marrow

Front 121

lymphadenitis

Back 121

inflammation of the lymph nodes

Front 122

lymphoma

Back 122

a malignant tumor originating in lymphatic tissues

Front 123

malaria

Back 123

a disease caused by a parasitic protozoan that infects red blood cells and the liver during different parts of its life cycle;

symptoms: periodic flares of high fever

Front 124

measles (rubeola)

Back 124

an acute viral disease that often begins as a fever, followed by the development of a skin rash containing numerous vesicles and often accompanied by a general inflammation of the respiratory tract

Front 125

mononucleosis

Back 125

a viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever, and fatiue

Front 126

nevrosis

Back 126

the death of one or more cells or a portion of a tissue or organ

Front 127

nosocomial infection

Back 127

an infectious disease that is contracted during a hospital stay

Front 128

plague

Back 128

any infectious disease that is widespread and causes extensive mortality

Front 129

rabies (hydrophobia)

Back 129

a viral infection that is spread from the saliva of an infected animal, usually by way of a bite;

the virus acts on the CNS to cause paranoia and paralysis and is usually fatal

Front 130

septicemia (sepsis)

Back 130

a systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood

Front 131

smallpox

Back 131

a viral disease caused by the variola virus that was the scourge of the human population prior to its eradication in 1975

Front 132

staphylococcemia

Back 132

the presence of the bacterium Staphylococcus in the blood

--> Staph infection, MRSA

Front 133

streptococcemia

Back 133

the presence of the bacterium Streptococcus in the blood;

--> strep infection, strep throat

Front 134

tetanus

Back 134

a disease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the common bacterium Clostridium tetani;

the toxin acts on the CNS to cause convulsions and spastic paralysis

Front 135

thymoma

Back 135

a tumor originating in the thymus gland

Front 136

antibiotic therapy

Back 136

a therapeutic treatment involving the use of a substance with known toxicity to bacteria

Front 137

anticoagulatnt

Back 137

a chemical agent that delays or prevents the clotting process in blood

Front 138

antiretroviral therapy

Back 138

a pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly, called retroviruses;

used against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS

Front 139

attenuation

Back 139

the process in which pathogens are rendered less virulent, or infectious, prior to their incorporation into a vaccinne preperation

Front 140

autologous transfusion

Back 140

a transfusion of blood donated by a patient for their personal use;

to avoid potential incompatibility or contamination of blood

Front 141

homologous transfusion

Back 141

blood donated from another person;

transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person;

requires blood-type work called crossmatching to prevent incompatibility

Front 142

blood chemistry

Back 142

a test or series of tests on a sample of plasma to measure the levels of its composition, including glucose, albumin, triglycerides, pH, cholesterol, and electrolytes

Front 143

blood culture

Back 143

a clinical test to determine infection in the blood

Front 144

blood transfusiouns

Back 144

the introduction of blood, blood products, or a blood substitute into a patient's circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels

Front 145

bone marrow transplant

Back 145

a common procedure to treat leukemia, or injury resulting from radiation therapy or chemotherapy;

involves the removal of a sample from a compatible donor, usually from red marrow in the pelvis, and its inoculation into the donor's red marrow

Front 146

coagulation time

Back 146

a timed blood test to determine the time required for a blood clot to form

Front 147

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Back 147

measures the time required for prothrombin, a precursor protein, to form thrombin

Front 148

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Back 148

another type of test used to evaluate clotting ability

Front 149

complete blood count (CBC)

Back 149

a common laboratory test that evaluates a sample of blood to provide diagnostic information about a patient's general health;

includes several more specific tests, including hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, and white blood count

Front 150

differential count

Back 150

a microscopic count of the number of each type of WBC in a sample of blood

Front 151

hematocrit (HCT)

Back 151

% RBCs;

the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

Front 152

hematology

Back 152

the general field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease

Front 153

hemoglobin (HGB)

Back 153

a procedure included in a complete blood count that measures the level of hemoglobin in red blood cells (in grams)

Front 154

hemostasis

Back 154

the stoppage of bleeding

Front 155

immunization

Back 155

a treatment that establishes immunity agains a particular foreign substance that may otherwise cause disease

Front 156

immunology

Back 156

the science concerned with immunity and allergy

Front 157

immunotherapy

Back 157

the treatment of infectious disease by the administration of pharmacological agents, such as serum, gamma globulin, treated antibodies, and suppressive drugs

Front 158

lymphadenectomy

Back 158

the surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes

Front 159

platelet count (PLT)

Back 159

a laboratory procedure that calculates the number of platelets in a known volume of blood

Front 160

prophylaxis

Back 160

any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection or other type of diseases

Front 161

red blood count (RBC)

Back 161

a lab test included in a complete blood count that measures the number of red blood cells within a given volume of blood

Front 162

splenectomy

Back 162

the surgical removal of the spleen

Front 163

thrombolysis

Back 163

a treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot, or thrombus

Front 164

vaccination

Back 164

the inoculation of a foreign substance that has reduced virulence, or a reduced ability to cause infection, as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis

Front 165

vaccine

Back 165

a preparation that is used to activate an immune response to provide acquired immunity against an infectious agent

Front 166

anti-

Back 166

against, opposite of

Front 167

pro-

Back 167

before

Front 168

aden/o

Back 168

gland

Front 169

aut/o

Back 169

self

Front 170

bi/o

Back 170

life

Front 171

globin/o

Back 171

protein

Front 172

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 172

blood

Front 173

hom/o

Back 173

same

Front 174

immun/o

Back 174

exempt, immunity

Front 175

lymph/o

Back 175

clear water or fluid

Front 176

splen/o

Back 176

spleen

Front 177

thromb/o

Back 177

clot

Front 178

-crit

Back 178

to separate

Front 179

-ectomy

Back 179

surgical excision, removal

Front 180

-ic

Back 180

pertaining to

Front 181

-logous

Back 181

pertaining to study

Front 182

-lysis

Back 182

loosen, dissolve

Front 183

-phylaxis

Back 183

protection

Front 184

-stasis

Back 184

standing still

Front 185

-therapy

Back 185

treatment

Front 186

-tic

Back 186

pertaining to