Medical Terminology Chapter 4

Front 1

ankyl/o

Back 1

stiff joint

Front 2

arthr/o

Back 2

joint

Front 3

articul/o

Back 3

joint

Front 4

burs/o

Back 4

sac

Front 5

carp/o

Back 5

carpus

Front 6

cervic/o

Back 6

neck

Front 7

chondr/o

Back 7

cartilage

Front 8

clavicul/o

Back 8

clavicle

Front 9

coccyg/o

Back 9

coccyx

Front 10

cortic/o

Back 10

outer layer

Front 11

cost/o

Back 11

rib

Front 12

crani/o

Back 12

skull

Front 13

femor/o

Back 13

femur

Front 14

fibul/o

Back 14

fibula

Front 15

humer/o

Back 15

humerus

Front 16

ili/o

Back 16

ilium

Front 17

ischi/o

Back 17

ischium

Front 18

kyph/o

Back 18

hump

Front 19

lamin/o

Back 19

lamina ( part of vertebra)

Front 20

lord/o

Back 20

bent backward

Front 21

lumb/o

Back 21

loin (low back between ribs and pelvis)

Front 22

mandibul/o

Back 22

mandible

Front 23

maxill/o

Back 23

maxilla

Front 24

medull/o

Back 24

inner region

Front 25

metacarp/o

Back 25

metacarpus

Front 26

metatars/o

Back 26

metatarsus

Front 27

myel/o

Back 27

bone marrow, spinal cord

Front 28

orth/o

Back 28

straight

Front 29

oste/o

Back 29

bone

Front 30

patell/o

Back 30

patella

Front 31

pector/o

Back 31

chest

Front 32

ped/o

Back 32

child; foot

Front 33

pelv/o

Back 33

pelvis

Front 34

phalang/o

Back 34

phalanges

Front 35

pod/o

Back 35

foot

Front 36

prosthet/o

Back 36

addition

Front 37

pub/o

Back 37

pubis

Front 38

radi/o

Back 38

radius; ..Ray (x-ray)

Front 39

sacr/o

Back 39

sacrum

Front 40

scapul/o

Back 40

scapula

Front 41

scoli/o

Back 41

crooked

Front 42

spin/o

Back 42

spine

Front 43

spondyl/o

Back 43

vertebrae

Front 44

stern/o

Back 44

sternum

Front 45

synovi/o

Back 45

synovial membrane

Front 46

synov/o

Back 46

synovial membrane

Front 47

tars/o

Back 47

tarsus

Front 48

thorac/o

Back 48

chest

Front 49

tibi/o

Back 49

tibia

Front 50

uln/o

Back 50

ulna

Front 51

vertebr/o

Back 51

vertebra

Front 52

-blast

Back 52

immature

Front 53

-clasia

Back 53

to surgically break

Front 54

-desis

Back 54

to fuse

Front 55

-listhesis

Back 55

slipping

Front 56

-logic

Back 56

pertaining to study of

Front 57

-porosis

Back 57

porous

Front 58

duct

Back 58

to bring

Front 59

extens/o

Back 59

to stretch out

Front 60

fasci/o

Back 60

fibrous band

Front 61

fibr/o

Back 61

fibers

Front 62

flex/o

Back 62

to bend

Front 63

kinesi/o

Back 63

movement

Front 64

muscul/o

Back 64

muscle

Front 65

my/o

Back 65

muscle

Front 66

myos/o

Back 66

muscle

Front 67

plant/o

Back 67

sole of foot

Front 68

rotat/o

Back 68

to revolve

Front 69

ten/o

Back 69

tendon

Front 70

tend/o

Back 70

tendon

Front 71

tendin/o

Back 71

tendon

Front 72

vers/o

Back 72

to turn

Front 73

-asthenia

Back 73

weakness

Front 74

-ion

Back 74

action

Front 75

-kinesia

Back 75

movement

Front 76

-tonia

Back 76

tone

Front 77

-tropic

Back 77

pertaining to development

Front 78

ab-

Back 78

away from

Front 79

ad-

Back 79

toward

Front 80

circum-

Back 80

around

Front 81

e-

Back 81

outward

Front 82

bi/o

Back 82

life

Front 83

electr/o

Back 83

electricity

Front 84

later/o

Back 84

side

Front 85

-al

Back 85

pertaining to

Front 86

-algia

Back 86

pain

Front 87

-ar

Back 87

pertaining to

Front 88

-dynia

Back 88

pain

Front 89

-gram

Back 89

record

Front 90

-graphy

Back 90

process of recording

Front 91

-itis

Back 91

inflammation

Front 92

-logy

Back 92

study of

Front 93

-opsy

Back 93

view of

Front 94

-otomy

Back 94

cutting into

Front 95

-ous

Back 95

pertaining to

Front 96

-pathy

Back 96

disease

Front 97

-plasty

Back 97

surgical repair

Front 98

-rrhaphy

Back 98

suture

Front 99

-rrhexis

Back 99

rupture

Front 100

-trophy

Back 100

development

Front 101

a-

Back 101

without

Front 102

brady-

Back 102

slow

Front 103

dys-

Back 103

abnormal;difficult

Front 104

epi-

Back 104

above

Front 105

hyper-

Back 105

excessive

Front 106

hypo-

Back 106

insufficient

Front 107

poly-

Back 107

many

Front 108

pseudo-

Back 108

false

Front 109

sarc/o

Back 109

flesh

Front 110

-ac

Back 110

pertaining to

Front 111

-al

Back 111

pertaining to

Front 112

-algia

Back 112

pain

Front 113

-ar

Back 113

pertaining to

Front 114

-ary

Back 114

pertaining to

Front 115

-centesis

Back 115

puncture to withdraw fluid

Front 116

-eal

Back 116

pertaining to

Front 117

-ectomy

Back 117

surgical removal

Front 118

-genic

Back 118

producing

Front 119

-iatry

Back 119

medical treatment

Front 120

-ic

Back 120

pertaining to

Front 121

-malacia

Back 121

abnormal softening

Front 122

-metry

Back 122

process of measuring

Front 123

-oma

Back 123

tumor

Front 124

-ory

Back 124

pertaining to

Front 125

-osis

Back 125

abnormal condition

Front 126

-ous

Back 126

pertaining to

Front 127

-pathy

Back 127

disease

Front 128

-plasty

Back 128

surgical repair

Front 129

-scope

Back 129

instrument for viewing

Front 130

-scopic

Back 130

pertaining to visually examining

Front 131

-scopy

Back 131

process of visually examining

Front 132

-stenosis

Back 132

narrowing

Front 133

-tic

Back 133

pertaining to

Front 134

-tome

Back 134

instrument to cut

Front 135

anti-

Back 135

against

Front 136

bi-

Back 136

two

Front 137

dis-

Back 137

apart

Front 138

ex-

Back 138

outward

Front 139

inter-

Back 139

between

Front 140

intra-

Back 140

within

Front 141

non-

Back 141

not

Front 142

per-

Back 142

through

Front 143

sub-

Back 143

under

Front 144

diaphysis

Back 144

central shaft

Front 145

epiphysis

Back 145

wide end of central shaft on long bones

Front 146

articular cartilage

Back 146

layer of cartilage on the epiphysis that prevent bone rubbing directly on the bone

Front 147

periosteum

Back 147

covers surface of bone not covered by articular cartilage; thin connective tissue membrane; contains nerves and lymphatic vessels

Front 148

cortical or compact bone

Back 148

outer layer of bone; dense and hard surface bone; found in epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 149

cancellous or spongy bone

Back 149

spongy bone; has spaces containing red bone marrow; manufactures blood cells; primarily in the ends and flat bones

Front 150

red bone marrow

Back 150

manufactures most of the blood cells; found in some parts of all bones

Front 151

medullary cavity

Back 151

open canal in the center of diaphysis

Front 152

yellow bone marrow

Back 152

consists primarily of fat cells

Front 153

4 types of bones

Back 153

long, short, flat, and irregular

Front 154

axial skeleton

Back 154

head, neck, spine, chest, and trunk

Front 155

appendicular skeleton

Back 155

pectoral girdles, upper extremities, pelvic girdles, lower extremities

Front 156

epiphysis line

Back 156

growth plate

Front 157

functions of skeletal system:

Back 157

internal framework of body; supports body; protects internal organs; point of attachment for muscles; produce blood cells; store minerals

Front 158

organs of skeletal system:

Back 158

bones and joints

Front 159

anatomy and physiology of skeletal system

Back 159

bones are body organs with blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; connected to each other 2 form skeleton; 206 bones in human body; red bone marrow ( produces blood cells); protects vital organs; store minerals

Front 160

anatomy and physiology of joints:

Back 160

place where 2 bones meet; held together by ligaments ( ligaments hold bone to bone); gives flexibility to skeleton

Front 161

anatomy and physiology of bones

Back 161

Osseous tissue; formed from gradual process before birth called ossification; fetal skeleton flexible tissue gradually replaced by osteblasts; adults osteblasts mature into osteocytes; formation of strong bones dependent on adequate supply of minerals

Front 162

long bones

Back 162

longer than wide; example humerus

Front 163

short bones

Back 163

roughly long as wide ; example carpal and tarsals

Front 164

flat bones

Back 164

plate-shaped; example sternum, scapula, pelvis

Front 165

irregular bones

Back 165

shape very irregular; example vertebrae

Front 166

clavicle

Back 166

collar bone

Front 167

scapula

Back 167

shoulder blade

Front 168

humerus

Back 168

upper arm bone

Front 169

radius

Back 169

forearm bone on thumb side of lower arm

Front 170

ulna

Back 170

forearm bone on little finger side of lower arm

Front 171

carpus

Back 171

bones of the wrist

Front 172

metacarpus

Back 172

bones in the palm of the hand

Front 173

phalanges

Back 173

finger bones

Front 174

frontal bone

Back 174

forehead

Front 175

parietal bone

Back 175

upper sides of cranium and roof of skull

Front 176

occipital bone

Back 176

back and base of skull

Front 177

temporal bone

Back 177

sides and base of cranium

Front 178

sphenoid bone

Back 178

bat-shaped bone that forms part of the base of skull, floor, and sides of eye orbit

Front 179

ethmoid bone

Back 179

forms part of eye orbit, nose, and floor of cranium

Front 180

lacrimal bone

Back 180

inner corner of each eye

Front 181

nasal bone

Back 181

form part of nasal septum and suppo rt bridge of nose

Front 182

maxilla

Back 182

upper jaw

Front 183

mandible

Back 183

lower jawbone; only movable bone in skull

Front 184

zygomatic bone

Back 184

cheek bones

Front 185

vomer bone

Back 185

base of nasal septum

Front 186

trunk

Back 186

vertebral column; sternum; rib cage

Front 187

vertebral column

Back 187

Cervical ( 7 vertebrae in neck);

thoracic (12 vertebrae of chest);

lumbar ( 5 vertebrae of low back);

sacrum (fusion of 5 bones at base of spine );

coccyx (fusion of 3-5 bones)

Front 188

rib cage

Back 188

12 pairs of ribs

attached to vertebral column at back

provides support for organs such as heart and lungs

xiphoid process- end of sterum

Front 189

bones of pectoral girdle

Back 189

attaches upper extremities to axial skeleton

articulates with:

sternum anteriorly

vertebral column posteriorly

consists:

clavicle-collarbone

scapula-shoulder bone

Front 190

bones of upper extremity

Back 190

humerus-upper arm

ulna-part of forearm

radius-part of forearm

carpals-wrist bones

metacarpals-hand bones

phlanges-finger bones

Front 191

pelvic girdle

Back 191

called os coxae , innominate bone, hip bone

attaches lower extremity to axial skeleton

articulates with sacrum posteriorly

consists: ilium

ischium

pubis

Front 192

bones of lower extremity

Back 192

femur-thigh bone

patella-kneecap

tibia..-shin bone

fibula-lower leg bone

tarsals-ankle bones

metatarsals-foot bones

phlanges-finger bones

Front 193

joints

Back 193

formed where 2 bones meet

called articulation

Front 194

synovial joints

Back 194

freely moving joints

most common type of joint

example: ball and socket joint

bones held together by ligaments

strong bands of connective tissue

some contain bursa ( sac like structure lined w/ synovial fluid)

enclosed in an elastic joint capsule

contains synovial fluid

lubricant secreted by synovial membrane

ends of bones are covered w/articular cartilage

Front 195

cartilaginous joints

Back 195

allows slight movement

Front 196

fibrous joints

Back 196

allows almost no movement

joined by thick fibrous tissue

ex. sutures of skull

Front 197

muscular system

Back 197

individual cells are able to contract or shorten in length

shortening produces movement

organs: muscles

Front 198

Anat. and Physiology. of muscular system

Back 198

bundles of parallel muscle tissue fibers

fibers contract

shorten in length

produce movement

move bones closer together

push food through digestive system

pump blood through blood vessels

Front 199

voluntary muscles

Back 199

consciously choose to contract the muscle

skeletal muscles

Front 200

involuntary muscles

Back 200

under control of subconscious brain

smooth and cardiac muscles

Front 201

skeletal muscles

Back 201

attached to bones

produce voluntary movement of skeleton

striated muscle ( looks striped under microscope)

attach to two different bones and overlap joint

when muscle contracts both bones move but not equally

origin- essential movable

insertion-more moveable

Front 202

muscle

Back 202

wrapped in layers of connective tissue called fascia

tapers at end to form tendon

inserts in periosteum attached to bone

Front 203

smooth muscle

Back 203

associated with internal organs

visceral muscle

ex, stomach , respiratory airways, blood vessels

no microscopic stripes

Front 204

cardiac muscles

Back 204

myocardium

makes up the walls of heart

involuntary contraction of heart to pump blood

Front 205

antagonistic pairs

Back 205

pair of muscles arranged around a joint

produce opposite actions

Front 206

action

Back 206

type of movement produced by the muscle