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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abnormal
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pertaining to being away (AB-) from the norm; irregular |
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adrenal glands
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two endocrine glands, each above a kidney. the adrenal glands produce hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and hydrocortisone (cortisol) |
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analysis
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separating a substance into its component parts |
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anemia
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deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in numbers of red blood cells, which results in reduced oxygen to body cells. literally, anemia means lacking (AN-) in blood (-EMIA) |
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antepartum
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before birth |
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antibiotic
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a chemical substance produced by various microorganisms or fungi (immature plants) that inhibits or destroys bacteria or other small organisms. examples of antibiotics are penicillin and streptomycin. they are used in the treatment of infectious diseases |
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antibody
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a substance that works against (ANTI-) germs ("bodies" of infection). antibodies are produced by white blood cells when germs (antigens) enter the bloodstream |
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antigen
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foreign protein (such as on a bacterium or virus) that stimulates white blood cells to make antibodies. antigens are then destroyed by the antibodies. |
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aphasia
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absence or impairment of communication through speech |
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apnea
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not (A-) able to breath (-PNEA); temporary stoppage of breathing. in sleep apnea, during sleep, a person is momentarily unable to contact respiratory muscles and maintain air flow through the nose and mouth |
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atrophy
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decrease in size of cells within within an organ |
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benign
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not cancerous; a tumor that does not spread and is limited in growth |
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bilateral
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pertaining to two (both) sides |
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bradycardia
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slow heartbeat |
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congenital anomaly
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see ANOMALY. irregularity; a deviation from the normal. a congenital anomaly (irregularity) is present at birth |
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dialysis
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complete separation (-LYSIS) of wastes (urea) from the blood when the kidneys fail. See also HEMODIALYSIS and PERITONEAL DIALYSIS |
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diarrhea
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discharge of watery wastes from the COLON |
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dysphagia
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difficult (impairment of) speech |
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dysplasia
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abnormality of the development or the formation of cells. normal cells change in size, shape, and organization |
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dyspnea
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painful (DYS-) (labored, difficult) breathing (-PNEA) |
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dysuria
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painful or difficult urination |
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ectopic pregnancy
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development of the zygote (early product of conception) in the place outside the uterus. the FALLOPIAN TUBES are the most common ectopic site |
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endocrine glands
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organs that produce (secrete) hormones |
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endoscopy
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process of viewing the inside of hollow organs or cavities with an endoscope |
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epidural hematoma
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pathologic mass of blood above the dura matter (outtermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). |
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excision
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act of cutting out, removing, or resecting |
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extrahepatic
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pertaining to the outside the liver |
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hemigastrectomy
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removal of half of the stomach |
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of one side of the body |
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hyperglycemia
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higher-than-normal level of parathyroid hormone in the blood |
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hyperplasia
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cells increase in number. the prostate gland is enlarged in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). |
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hypertension
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high blood pressure. essential hypertension has no known cause, but contributing factors are age, obesity, smoking, and heredity. secondary hypertension is a sign of other disorders such as kidney disease |
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hyperthyroidism
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excessive activity of the thyroid gland |
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hypertrophy
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enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body as a result of increase in size of individual cells |
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hypoglycemia
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blood condition of decreased sugar (lower-than-normal levels) |
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incision
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cutting into the body or into an organ |
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intervertebral
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pertaining to lying between two backbones. a disk (disc) is an intervertebral structure |
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intrauterine
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pertaining to withing the uterus |
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intravenious
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pertaining to within a vein |
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malignant
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trending to become progressively worse. the term malignant describes cancerous tumors that invade and spread to distant organs |
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metacarpal
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bones of the hand between the wrist bones (carpals) and the finger bones (phalanges) |
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metastasis
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spread of a cancerous tumor to a distant organ or location. metastasis literally means change (META-) of place (-STASIS). metastatic means pertaining to a metastasis |
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neonatal
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pertaining to new birth; the first 4 weeks after birth |
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neoplastic
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pertaining to a new growth, or NEOPLASM |
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paralysis
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loss or impairment of movement in a part of the body |
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paraplegia
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impairment or loss of movement in the lower part of the body, primarily the legs and in some cases bowel and bladder function |
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parathyroid glands
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four endocrine glands behind the thyroid gland. these glands are concerned with maintaining the proper levels of calcium in the blood and bones |
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perianal
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pertaining to surrounding the ANUS |
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periosteum
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membrane that surrounds bone |
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst |
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polyneuropahty
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disease of many nerves |
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polyuria
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excessive urination |
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postmortem
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after death |
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postpartum
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after birth |
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precancerous
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pertaining to a condition that may come before a cancer; a condition that tends to become malignant |
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prolapse
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falling down or drooping of a part of the body. prolapse literally means sliding (-lapse) forward (PRO-) |
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prosthesis
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artificial substitute for a missing part of the body. prosthesis literally means to place (-THESIS) before (PROS-) |
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk of the body caused by injury to the spinal cord in cervical region of the spine |
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relapse
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return of disease after its apparent termination |
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remission
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lessening or absence of signs and symptoms of a disease |
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resection
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removal (excision) of a organ or a structure |
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retroperitoneal
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pertaining to behind the PERITONEUM |
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subcostal
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pertaining to below the ribs |
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subcutaneous
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pertaining to under the skin |
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subdural hematoma
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collection of blood under the dura most (outermost layer of the membranes surrounding the brain) |
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subscapular
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pertaining to under the shoulder bone |
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subtotal
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less than total; often just under the total amount |
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syndrome
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set of symptoms and signs that occur together to indicate a disease condition |
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tachycardia
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condition of fast, rapid heartbeat |
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tachypnea
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condition of rapid breathing |
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transabdominal
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pertaining to across the abdomen |
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transurethral
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pertaining to across (through) the urethra. TURP is transurethral resection of the prostate gland by surgery through the urethra |
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tricuspid valve
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fold of tissue between the upper and lower chambers on the right side of the heart. it has three cusps or points and prevents backflow of blood into the right ATRIUM when the heart is pumping blood |
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ultrasonography
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recording of internal body structures with sound waves |
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unilateral
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pertaining to one side |
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urinalysis
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examination of urine to determine its contents |
