Medical Terminology Chapter 13

Front 1

Acr/o

Back 1

Extremities, top, extreme point

Front 2

Acromegaly

Back 2

Rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by the excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.

Front 3

Adren/o

Back 3

Adrenal glands

Front 4

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Back 4

Stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.

Front 5

Aldosterone

Back 5

A corticosteroid that regulates the sodium and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys.

Front 6

Anabolic Steroids

Back 6

Man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones.

Front 7

Antithyroid Drug

Back 7

A medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Front 8

Calcitonin*

Back 8

A hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth.

Front 9

Cortisone

Back 9

Administered to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant.

Front 10

Cretinism

Back 10

A congenital form of hypothyroidism.

Front 11

Crin/o

Back 11

Secrete

Front 12

Diabetic Coma

Back 12

Caused by very high blood glucose.

Front 13

Diabetic Retinopathy*

Back 13

Occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina.

Front 14

-dipsia

Back 14

Thirst

Front 15

Electrolytes*

Back 15

Are mineral substances that are normally found in the blood and other bodily fluids.

Front 16

Endocrinologist

Back 16

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands.

Front 17

Estrogen*

Back 17

A hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics.

Front 18

Fasting Blood Sugar Test

Back 18

Measures the blood glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8-12 hours.

Front 19

Fructosamine Test*

Back 19

Measures average glucose levels over the previous 3 weeks.

Front 20

Gamete

Back 20

A reproductive cell.

Front 21

Gigantism

Back 21

Abnormal gorwth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty.

Front 22

Goiter

Back 22

An abnormal, benign elargment of the thyroid gland.

Front 23

Growth Hormone

Back 23

Regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues.

Front 24

Glyc/o

Back 24

Glucose, sugar

Front 25

Gonad/o

Back 25

Gonad, sex glands

Front 26

Gonads

Back 26

Gamete-producing glands.

Front 27

Hormones

Back 27

Chemical messages that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream.

Front 28

Hyperglycemia

Back 28

An abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.

Front 29

Hyperinsulinism*

Back 29

The condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream.

Front 30

Hyperpituitarism*

Back 30

The excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism.

Front 31

Hyperthyroidism

Back 31

The overproduction of thyroid hormones.

Front 32

Hypocalcemia

Back 32

Characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood.

Front 33

Hypoglycemia

Back 33

An abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

Front 34

Hypothyroidism

Back 34

Caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion.

Front 35

Type 2 Diabetes

Back 35

Insulin resistant disorder, insulin is produced but body does not use it effectively.

Front 36

Luteinizing Hormone*

Back 36

Stimulates ovulation in the female.

Front 37

-ism

Back 37

Condition, state of

Front 38

Lactogenic Hormone

Back 38

Stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth.

Front 39

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy*

Back 39

A minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands.

Front 40

Lobectomy

Back 40

The surgical removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland.

Front 41

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone

Back 41

Increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation.

Front 42

Oxytocin*

Back 42

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

Front 43

Pancreatic Islets

Back 43

Parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions.

Front 44

Pancreatitis

Back 44

An inflammation of the pancreas.

Front 45

Pancreat/o

Back 45

Pancreas

Front 46

Parathyroidectomy

Back 46

The surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

Front 47

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 47

Regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

Front 48

Parathyroid/o

Back 48

Parathyroid glands

Front 49

Pheochromocytoma

Back 49

A rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and nonrepinephrin.

Front 50

Pineal/o

Back 50

Pineal gland

Front 51

Pituitar/o

Back 51

Pituitary gland

Front 52

Poly-

Back 52

Many

Front 53

Prediabetes

Back 53

A condition in which the blood glucose level is higher than normal.

Front 54

Progesterone

Back 54

The hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by corpus luteum in the ovary.

Front 55

Prolactinoma

Back 55

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland.

Front 56

Puberty

Back 56

The process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

Front 57

Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test

Back 57

Uses radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function

Front 58

Somat/o

Back 58

Body

Front 59

Steroids

Back 59

A large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure.

Front 60

Syndrome of Inapproprate Antidiuretic Hormone

Back 60

Caused by the overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH.

Front 61

Thym/o

Back 61

Thymus gland

Front 62

Thyr/o

Back 62

Thyroid gland

Front 63

Thyroid/o

Back 63

Thyroid gland

Front 64

Thyroid Storm

Back 64

A relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism.

Front 65

Thymus

Back 65

Located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity.