Medical Terminology Chapter 13

Front 1

cyst/o

Back 1

bladder

Front 2

electr/o

Back 2

electric

Front 3

hydr/o

Back 3

water

Front 4

lith/o, lith

Back 4

stone, calcification

Front 5

meat/o

Back 5

passageway

Front 6

nephr/o

Back 6

kidney

Front 7

pyel/o

Back 7

renal pelvis

Front 8

ren/i(o)

Back 8

pertaining to the kidney

Front 9

tub/o

Back 9

tube (little tube)

Front 10

ur/e(a),(o)

Back 10

relating to urea or urine

Front 11

ureter/o

Back 11

ureter

Front 12

urethr/o

Back 12

urethra

Front 13

urin/o

Back 13

urine

Front 14

ur/o

Back 14

relating to urine

Front 15

bladder

Back 15

musculomembranous organ that serves as a container for fluid and is distended when filled

Front 16

Bowman's capsule

Back 16

structure of the renal corpuscle that is the top of a nephron; surrounds the glomerulus

Front 17

calyx/ calix

Back 17

one of the branches of the kidney peovis

Front 18

cortex

Back 18

outer portion of an organ such as the kidney

Front 19

distal convoluted tubule

Back 19

part of the nephron farthest from Bowman's capsule

Front 20

electrolyte

Back 20

substance that can conduct electricity within a fluid

Front 21

external urethral sphincter

Back 21

band of muscle fibers that encircles the urethra below the neck of the bladder; under voluntary control

Front 22

filtration

Back 22

process of passing a substance through a filter to seperate the particulate matter

Front 23

glomeruli

Back 23

capillary loops within Bowman's capsule

Front 24

internal urethral sphincter

Back 24

band of muscle fibers at the basae of the bladder; under involuntary control

Front 25

kidneys

Back 25

paired organs that produce urine

Front 26

loop of Henle

Back 26

extension of the proximal tubule of the nephron that contains a hairpin loop between two straight limbs

Front 27

medulla

Back 27

soft, marrowlike structure in the center of the kedney

Front 28

micturition

Back 28

elimination of urine from the bladder

Front 29

nephron

Back 29

tubular structure that produces the urine in the kidney

Front 30

pelvis (in kidney)

Back 30

area at the upper end of the ureter

Front 31

peritubular capillaries

Back 31

tiny blood vessels that provide the blood supply for much of the nephron

Front 32

proximal convoluted tubule

Back 32

first segment of the renal tubule (nearest to Bowman's capsule)

Front 33

reabsorption

Back 33

precess of retaining fluid and electrolytes in the kidney

Front 34

renal corpuscle

Back 34

area of the nephron located in the cortex; area that contains the the glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule

Front 35

renal tubule

Back 35

part of the nephron composed of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, the loop of Henle, and the collecting tubule

Front 36

retroperitoneal

Back 36

relating to area behind (posterior to) the peritoneum

Front 37

secretion

Back 37

movement of substances from surrounding capillaries into the urine within the distal and collecting tubules

Front 38

tubule

Back 38

small tube

Front 39

ureter

Back 39

tube that sends urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Front 40

urethra

Back 40

tube to void urine that leads from the bladder to the outside

Front 41

urinary meatus

Back 41

opening (orifice) for the voiding (passage) of urine

Front 42

urine
urinate

Back 42

fliod that is voided from the body; filtered from the blood in the kidney

Front 43

void

Back 43

to eliminate urine

Front 44

anuria

Back 44

inability to produce urin

Front 45

dysuria

Back 45

pain or difficulty with urination

Front 46

frequency (of urination)

Back 46

urination that occurs often with little actual production of urine

Front 47

hematuria

Back 47

blood in the urine

Front 48

hesitancy

Back 48

inability to start the urine stream, or the involuntary interruption of the stream

Front 49

incontinence (or urine)

Back 49

inability to hold urine

Front 50

nocturia

Back 50

urination at night

Front 51

oliguria

Back 51

production of very little urine

Front 52

polyuria

Back 52

production of an increased amount of urine

Front 53

urgency

Back 53

feeling of having to pass urine immediately, but with little actual urine production

Front 54

albuminuria

Back 54

presence of the protein albumin in the urine; albumin is found in the serum portion of blood

Front 55

costovertebral angle

Back 55

area on the back over the 12th rib' pain in the area when thumped with the first during physical examination may indicate kidney disease

Front 56

cystitis

Back 56

inflammation causing dysuria and pain in the bladder; usually caused by bacterial infection

Front 57

enuresis

Back 57

bed-wetting

Front 58

glomerulonephritis

Back 58

disease of cells in the kidneys (glomeruli) characterized by inflammatory changes resulting from an infection

Front 59

glycosuria

Back 59

presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine

Front 60

horseshoe kidney

Back 60

band of tissue extending across the spin that attaches the kindey to each other and makes them one horseshoe-shaped kidney

Front 61

hydronephrosis

Back 61

condition characterized by dilation of the pelvis and calices of the kidneys; usually results from and obstruction that prevents the flow of urine

Front 62

hypercalciuria

Back 62

increased calcium in the urine; may indicate loss of calcium due to osteoporosis (bone loss)

Front 63

lupus

Back 63

systemic lupus erythematosus;
autoimmune disorder that causus inflammatory connective tissue disease in many areas of the body, including the kidneys, skin, and joints

Front 64

nephritis

Back 64

inflammation of the kidneys

Front 65

nephrolith

Back 65

kidney stone usually made from calcium

Front 66

nephrolithiasis

Back 66

condition of having kidney stones

Front 67

nephrosis;
nephrotic syndrome

Back 67

condition of the kidney characterized by protein in the urine

Front 68

pyelonephritis

Back 68

inflammation of the internal structures of the kidney usually from bacterial infection

Front 69

pyel/o

Back 69

relating to the renal pelvis

Front 70

lith

Back 70

stone (calculus)

Front 71

pyuria

Back 71

pus in the urine

Front 72

renal colic

Back 72

pain in the abdomen and back as a result of a kidney stone

Front 73

systemic lupus erythematosus

Back 73

autoimmune disorder that causes inflammatory connective tissue disease in many areas of the body, including the kidneys, skin and joints

Front 74

uremia

Back 74

excessive accumulation of urea (a waste product) within the blood

Front 75

ureteritis

Back 75

inflammation of the ureter(s)

Front 76

urethritis

Back 76

inflammation of the urethra

Front 77

urinary reterntion

Back 77

inability to void

Front 78

urinary tract infection

Back 78

infection anywhere within the urinary tract

Front 79

vesicoureteral reflux

Back 79

incompetence of the valve at the ureterovesical junction (between the ureter and bladder) allowing the flow of urine backward from the bladder into the ureter

Front 80

BUN

Back 80

blood urea nitrogen test; blood test to measure the urea; an indication of kidney function

Front 81

blood urea nitrogen

Back 81

blood test to measure the urea; an indication of kidney function

Front 82

catheterization (urinary)

Back 82

procedure using a sterile tube (catheter) inserted through the urinary meatus into the bladder to obtain a sterile urine specimen or to drain urine

Front 83

clean catch

Back 83

procedure that uses a voided urine specimen for microscopic analysis after the person has cleaned the urinary meatus with an antiseptic solution

Front 84

creatinine clearance

Back 84

test that measures how blood is being filtered through the kidney

Front 85

cystectomy

Back 85

surgical removal of the bladder

Front 86

cystogram

Back 86

x-ray examination of the bladder using a cystoscope (type of endoscope) threaded up through the urethra to visualize the bladder

Front 87

cystopexy

Back 87

surgical repair of the bladder by anchoring it to a supporting structure

Front 88

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Back 88

breaking up of a renal or ureteral stone using ultrasound energy

Front 89

glomerular filtration rate

Back 89

determination of volume of water being filtered from plasma through the kidneys

Front 90

hemodialysis

Back 90

procedure to remove waste products from the blood witha machine that uses a filter to separate large molecules from smaller ones

Front 91

intravenous pyelogram

Back 91

x-ray using contrast medium injected into the vein to view the kidneys and surrounding structures

Front 92

nephrectomy

Back 92

removal of kidney

Front 93

nephrostomy

Back 93

surgical procedure to create an opening from the kidney to the outside to drain urine

Front 94

peritoneal dialysis

Back 94

procedure using the peritoneal membranes as a filter for the transfer of wastes out of the body and electrolytes into the body

Front 95

renal scan

Back 95

x-ray using an isotope to view the kidneys

Front 96

urinalysis

Back 96

laboratory study of the urine

Front 97

AGN

Back 97

acute glomerulonephritis

Front 98

ATN

Back 98

acute tubular necrosis

Front 99

CVA

Back 99

costovertebral angle

Front 100

cysto
abbreviation of what?

Back 100

cystoscopy

Front 101

ESWL

Back 101

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Front 102

GFR

Back 102

glomerular filtration rate

Front 103

GU

Back 103

genitourinary

Front 104

I&O

Back 104

intake and output

Front 105

IVP

Back 105

intravenous pyelogram

Front 106

KUB

Back 106

kidneys, ureters, bladder
(x-ray)

Front 107

PD

Back 107

peritoneal dialysis

Front 108

RP

Back 108

retrograde pyelogram

Front 109

SLE

Back 109

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 110

UA; U/A

Back 110

urinalysis

Front 111

UTI

Back 111

urinary tract infection