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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abdomin/o
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abdomen
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bucc/o
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cheek
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cheil/o
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lip
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chol/e, chol/o
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bile, gall
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cholangi/o
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gallbladder
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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choledoch/o
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common bile duct
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col/o, colon/o
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colon
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dent/i, dent/o
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teeth
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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-emesis
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vomit
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enter/o
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intestine
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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gastr/o
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stomach
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gingiv/o
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gums
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gloss/o
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tongue
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hepat/o
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liver
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ile/o
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ileum
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jejun/o
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jejunum
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lapar/o
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abdomen
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-lith
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stone
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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-pepsia
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digestion
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phag/o
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eating; swallowing
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-phagia
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eat or swallow
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proct/o
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anus and rectum
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pylor/o
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pylorus
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rect/o
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rectum
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-scope
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device for visual examination
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-scopy
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visual examination
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sail/o
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salivary glands
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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stomat/o
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mouth
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Oral cavity
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breaks food apart by mastication; food bolus formed
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Salivary glands
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secretes saliva to moisten food
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Pharynx
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common passageway for both food and air
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Esophagus
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Peristalsis moves food bolus downward to stomach
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Stomach
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converts food to semi-liquid state and imparts chemical changes
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Small intestine
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where most digestion and absorption takes place
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Large intestine
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where water is removed from the decreases and elimination occurs
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Liver
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stores glycogen; manufactures and secretes bile; manufactures blood proteins; destroys old red blood cells; detoxifies harmful substances
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Gallbladder
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Stores and delivers bile
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Pancreas
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Secretes juices and enzymes into small intestine; secretes insulin
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BE
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barium enema
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BM
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bowel movement
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EGD
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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GB
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gallbladder
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GBS
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gallbladder x-ray series
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GERD
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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GI
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gastrointestinal
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HCl
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hydrochloric acid
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IBS
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irritable bowel syndrome
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LES
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lower esophageal sphincter
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NGT
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nasogastric tube
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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PO
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per os; by mouth
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TPN
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total parenteral nutrition
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UGI
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upper gastrointestinal
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Alimentary canal
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the digestive tract, the gastrointestinal tract
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Antibody
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antibodies contained in saliva that act as antibacterial agents
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Bilirubin
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Waste produced by worn out RBCs breaking down
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Cardiac sphincter
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the ring-like muscle between the esophagus and stomach that controls food flow
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Colon
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the large intestine, divisible into the ascending transverse, descending and sigmoid colons
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Common bile duct
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tube that transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder
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Deglutition
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swallowing
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Duodenal
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adjective form of duodenum used in the terms naming some digestive system disorders
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Duodenum
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Segment of the small intestine connecting with the stomach
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Esophagus
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The part of the digestive tract between the pharynx and stomach
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Fundus
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the part of the stomach lying above the cardia notch
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Gallbladder
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small pear-shaped organ that stores bile
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Gastric
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Adjective form of stomach
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Gastrointestinal tract
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the alimentary canal; also, simply, the GI tract
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Ileocecal sphincter
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muscular ring that separates the distal portion of the ileum and the beginning of the cecum
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Ileum
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the longest segment of the small intestine, which leads into the large intestine
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Intestine
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the small intestine is divisible into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; the large intestine comprises the cecum, colon, rectum and anus
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Jejunum
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Eight ft long segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
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pancreas
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organ of the digestive system that has both exocrine and endocrine functions; secretes enzymes that aid in digestion
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Pancreatic
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Adjective for pancreas
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Peristalsis
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Wave-like muscular contractions that move food along in the digestive tract
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Pharynx
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passageway just below the nasal cavity and mouth
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Pyloric sphincter
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ring muscle between the stomach and duodenum
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Salivary glands
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collectively, the parotid, sub-lingual, and sub-mandibular salivary glands.
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Stoma
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an artificial opening
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Stomach
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digestive organ composed of 4 parts; the fundus, cardia, body and antrum
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Anorexia
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loss of appetite
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Appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendix
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Ascities
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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Bruxism
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Involuntary grinding of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep
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Bulimia
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eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting and miususe of laxatives
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Cholangiolitis
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inflammation of the bile ducts
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Cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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Cholecystopathy
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any disease of the gallbladder
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choledocholithiasis
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inflammation of the bile duct caused by gallstones
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Cholelithiasis
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formation or presence of stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
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Cirrhosis
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Chronic disease of the liver
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Colitis
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Inflammation of the colon
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Constipation
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Decrease in the frequency of bowel movements, difficulty in passing stools, and/or hard dry stools
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Crohn
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Chronic inflammation of part(s) of the intestinal tract
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Dental caries
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Tooth decay
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Diverticulitis
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Inflammation of a diverticulum or sac in the intestinal tract
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Duodenitis
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Inflammation of the duodenum
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Dyspepsia
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Difficulty swallowing
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Enteritis
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Inflammation of the intestine
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Enterohepatitis
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Inflammation of the intestine and liver
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Enteropathy
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Any intestinal disease
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Eructation
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Act of belching or burping gas up from the stomach
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Gastric Ulcers
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Erosion of the gastric mucosa
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Gastritis
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Inflammation of the stomach
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Gastroduodenitis
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Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum
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Gastroenteritis
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Inflammation of the stomach and intestine
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Gastroesophageal reflux
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Upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
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Gingivitis
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Inflammation of the gums
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Hemorrhoids
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Enlarged veins in or near the anus that may cause pain or bleeding
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Hepatitis
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Inflammation of the liver
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Hepatogenic
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Originating in the liver
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Hepatomegaly
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Enlarged liver
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Hiatal hernia
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protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity
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Hyperemesis
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Excessive vomiting
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Inguinal hernia
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out-pouching of intestines into the inguinal or groin region
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Intussusception
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one part of the intestine slipping or telescoping over another
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Jaundice
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Yellowish cast to the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes caused by bile deposits
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Jejunitis
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Inflammation of the jejunum
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Melena
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Blood in the stool
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Pancreatitis
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Inflammation of the pancreas
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Pancreatopathy
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Any disease of the pancreas
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Parotiditis
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Inflammation of the parotid salivary glands
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Peritonitis
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Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
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Polyp
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Growth protruding from a stalk in the digestive tract
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Sialoadenitis
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Inflammation of a salivary gland
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Sialoangiitis
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Inflammation of a salivary duct
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Sialorrhea
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Excessive production of saliva
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Sialostenosis
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Narrowing of a salivary duct
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Stomatitis
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Inflammation of the mouth
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Antacids
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Medications used to neutralize acid production
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Antidiarrheal
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Drugs that relieve diarrhea by absorbing the excess fluid or by decreasing intestinal motility
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Antiemetic
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Drugs used to relieve vomiting
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Anti-flatulence
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Drugs taken to relieve gas or flatulence
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Colonoscope
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Device used in colonoscopy
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Colonoscopy
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Visual examination of the colon with a colonoscope
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Duodenoscopy
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visual examination of the duodenum with the aid of an endoscope
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Emetic
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Drugs that stimulate or induce vomiting frequently used in poisoning cases
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Enteroscope
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Lighted instrument for visually examining the intestines
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Enteroscopy
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Visual examination of the intestines
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Fastroscope
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Lighted intrument for visually examining the stomach
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Fastroscopy
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Visual examination of the stomach with a alighted instrument
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H2 blockers or H2 receptor antagonists
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Drugs that block the release of gastric acid; used to treat GERD
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Hepatoscopy
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Visual examination of the liver
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Sialography
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Radiography of salivary glands and ducts
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Gastroenterologist
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A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system disorders
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Gastroenterology
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THe specialty concerned with the digestive system
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Internal medicine
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Specialty in the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of serious and/or chronic illnesses
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Internist
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A specialist in internal medicine
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Proctologist
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A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of rectal and anal disorders
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Proctology
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Study of the rectum and anus
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Anastomosis
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Creation of an opening between two hollow organs
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Cholecystectomy
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Excision of the gallbladder
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Cholecystotomy
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Incision into the gallbladder
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Colectomy
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Excision of all or part of the colon
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Colopexy
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Fixation of the colon
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Colostomy
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Surgical establishment of an opening into the colon
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Duodenectomy
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Excision of the duodenum
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Duodenostomy
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Surgical establishment of an opening in the duodenum
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Gastrectomy
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Excision of part of the stomach
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Hepatopexy
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Fixation of the liver
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Jejunectomy
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Excision of all or part of the jejunum
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Jejunoplasty
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Surgical repair of the jejunum
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Jejunotomy
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Incision into the jejunum
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Pancreatotomy
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Incision into the pancreas
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Sialoadenectomy
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Excision of a salivary gland
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Sialoadenotomy
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Incision of a salivary gland
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