Medical Terminology Chapter 12

Front 1

Antidiuretic

Back 1

Agent that decreases urine production -di

Front 2

-di-

Back 2

Complete

Front 3

-uret-

Back 3

Urination

Front 4

Endocrine

Endocrinology

Endocrinologist

Back 4

A gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

Medical specialty concerned with production and effects of hormones

Medical specialist in endocrinology

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Hormone

Hormonal

Back 5

Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

Pertaining to hormones

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-crine

Back 6

Secrete

Front 7

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamic

Back 7

An endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain

Pertaining to the hypothalamus

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-thalam-

Back 8

Thalamus

Front 9

Melatonin

Back 9

Hormone formed by the pineal gland

Front 10

-ton-

Back 10

Tension, pressure

Front 11

Mela-

Back 11

Black

Front 12

Oxytocin

Back 12

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

Front 13

Oxy-

Back 13

Oxygen

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-toc-

Back 14

Labor and childbirth

Front 15

Pineal

Back 15

Pertaining to the pineal gland

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Pituitary

Back 16

Pertaining to the pituitary gland

Front 17

Prostaglandin

Back 17

Hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated in the prostate gland

Front 18

Serotonin

Back 18

Neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous systems

Front 19

Acromegaly

Back 19

Enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone after growth plates have closed

Front 20

Adenocorticotropic

Back 20

Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

Front 21

-tropic

Back 21

A turning, change

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Adren/o-

Back 22

Adrenal gland

Front 23

-cortic/o-

Back 23

From the cortex

Front 24

Corticosteroid

Back 24

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

Front 25

Cortic/o-

Back 25

From the cortex

Front 26

Corticotropin

Back 26

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

Front 27

-tropin

Back 27

Stimulation

Front 28

Cortisone

Back 28

A corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex

Front 29

Cortis-

Back 29

From the cortex

Front 30

-one

Back 30

Hormone

Front 31

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

Back 31

Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone production

Front 32

-sipid-

Back 32

Flavor

Front 33

Gonadotropin

Back 33

Any hormone that stimulates gonadal function

Front 34

Gonad/o-

Back 34

Testis, ovary

Front 35

Gonad

Back 35

An organ that produces sex cells; a testis or an ovary

Front 36

Hydrocortisone

Back 36

Potent glucocorticoid with anti inflammatory properties

(Also called cortisol)

Front 37

Prolactin

Back 37

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

Front 38

-lact-

Back 38

Milk

Front 39

Somatotrophin

Back 39

Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues

Front 40

Somat/o-

Back 40

The body

Front 41

Thyrotropin

Back 41

Hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

Front 42

Thyr/o-

Back 42

Thyroid

Front 43

Calcitonin

Back 43

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones

Front 44

Emaciation

Emaciated

Back 44

Abnormal thinness

Pertaining to or suffering from emaciation

Front 45

Emac/i-

Back 45

Make thin

Front 46

-ated

Back 46

Pertaining to a condition

Front 47

Parathyroid

Back 47

Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

Front 48

Thymus

Back 48

Endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

Front 49

Thyroid

Back 49

Endocrine gland in the neck; a cartilage of the larynx

Front 50

Thyroxine

Back 50

Thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

Front 51

Cretin

Cretinism

Back 51

Severe congenital hypothyroidism

Condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

Front 52

Exophthalmos

Back 52

Protrusion of the eyeball

Front 53

Goiter

Back 53

Benign enlargement of the thyroid gland

Front 54

Graves’ disease

Back 54

Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter

Front 55

Hashimoto disease

Back 55

Autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

Front 56

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 56

Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

Deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

Front 57

-thyr-

Back 57

Thyroid

Front 58

Hyperpyrexia

Back 58

Extremely high body temperature or fever

Front 59

-pyrex-

Back 59

Fever

Front 60

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Back 60

Excessive production of thyroid hormones

Deficient production of thyroid hormones

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Iodine

Back 61

Chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

Front 62

-ine

Back 62

Pertaining to

Front 63

Iod-

Back 63

Violet

Front 64

Myxedema

Back 64

Nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism

Front 65

Tetany

Back 65

Severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms

Front 66

Thyroidectomy

Thyroiditis

Back 66

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

Front 67

Thyrotoxicosis

Back 67

Disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

Front 68

Addison disease

Back 68

An autoimmune disease leading to a decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

Front 69

Adrenal

Adrenaline

Back 69

Endocrine gland in the upper pole of each kidney (same as suprarenal)

Main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla (aka epinephrine)

Front 70

Supra-

Back 70

Above

Front 71

-ren-

-nephr-

Back 71

Kidney

Front 72

Adrenocortical

Back 72

Pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

Front 73

Aldosterone

Back 73

Mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

Front 74

Ald/o-

Back 74

Organic compound

Front 75

-ster-

Back 75

Steroid

Front 76

Catecholamine

Back 76

Major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response; include epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 77

-amine

Back 77

Nitrogen-containing substance

Front 78

Catechol-

Back 78

Tyrosine containing

Front 79

Cushing syndrome

Back 79

Hypersecretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by the adrenal gland

Front 80

Facies

Back 80

Facial expressions and features

Front 81

Glucocorticoid

Back 81

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

Front 82

Hydrocortisone

Back 82

Potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties (aka cortisol)

Front 83

Idi/o-

Back 83

Unknown

Front 84

Mineralocorticoid

Back 84

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Front 85

Mineralocorticoid

Back 85

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Front 86

Mineral/o-

Back 86

Inorganic material

Front 87

Mineralocorticoid

Back 87

Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Front 88

Mineral/o-

Back 88

Inorganic material

Front 89

Norepinephrine

Back 89

Catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland that is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter

Front 90

Nor-

Back 90

Normal

Front 91

Steroid

Back 91

Large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components

Front 92

Exocrine

Back 92

A gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

Front 93

Glucagon

Back 93

Pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

Front 94

-agon

Back 94

To fight

Front 95

Gluconeogenesis

Back 95

Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

Front 96

Glucose

Back 96

The final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in the blood

Front 97

-ose

Back 97

Full of

Front 98

Glycogenolysis

Back 98

Conversion of glycogen to glucose

Front 99

Insulin

Back 99

Hormone produced by the islet cells of the pancreas

Front 100

Insul-

Back 100

An island

Front 101

Islets of Langerhans

Back 101

Areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

Front 102

Somatostatin

Back 102

Hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

Front 103

Autoantibody

Back 103

Antibody produced in response to an antigen from the host’s own tissue

Front 104

Coma

Comatose

Back 104

State of deep unconsciousness

In a state of coma

Front 105

Comat-

Back 105

Coma

Front 106

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetic

Back 106

Metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or ineffectiveness

Pertaining to or suffering from diabetes

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Nephropathy

Back 107

Any disease of the kidney

Front 108

Nephropathy

Back 108

Any disease of the kidney

Front 109

Neuropathy

Back 109

Any disease of the nervous system

Front 110

Paresthesia

Back 110

An abnormal sensation (ie tingling, burning, pricking)

Front 111

-esthes-

Back 111

Sensation

Front 112

-dips-

Back 112

Thirst

Front 113

-phag-

Back 113

Eat

Front 114

Polyuria

Back 114

Excessive production of urine

Front 115

Retinopathy

Back 115

Degenerative disease of the retina

Front 116

Acetone

Back 116

Ketone that is found in blood, grime, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

Front 117

Ketoacidosis

Back 117

Excessive ketones in the blood, making it acidic

Front 118

Ket/o-

Back 118

Ketone

Front 119

Ketone

Ketosis

Back 119

Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

Excessive production of ketones

Front 120

Lethargy

Lethargic

Back 120

Abnormal drowsiness in depth or length of time

Front 121

Metabolic acidosis

Back 121

Decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

Front 122

Saline

Back 122

Salt solution, usually sodium chloride