Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
appendage
|
Any body part attached to a main structure
|
Examples of appendages include the arms and legs
|
|
|
articulation
|
Place of union between two or more bones; also called joint
|
|
|
|
cancellous
|
Spongy or porous structure, as found at the ends of long bones
|
|
|
|
cruciate ligaments
|
Ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between femoral condyles
|
Along with other structures, the cruciate ligaments help secure and stabilize the knee
|
|
|
hematopoiesis
|
Production and development of blood cells,normally in the bone marrow
|
|
|
|
Adduction
|
Moves closer to the midline
|
|
|
|
Abduction
|
Moves away from the midline
|
|
|
|
Flexion
|
Decreases the angle of a joint
|
|
|
|
Extension
|
Increases the angle of a joint
|
|
|
|
Rotation
|
Moves a bone around its own axis
|
|
|
|
Pronation
|
Turns the palm down
|
|
|
|
Supination
|
Turns the palm up
|
|
|
|
Inversion
|
Moves the sole of the foot inward
|
|
|
|
Eversion
|
Moves the sole of the foot outward
|
|
|
|
Dorsiflexion
|
Elevates the foot
|
|
|
|
Plantar flexion
|
Lowers the foot (points the toes)
|
|
|
|
Trochanter
|
Very large, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur
|
Nonarticulating surface
|
|
|
Tubercle
|
Small, rounded process
(Tubercle of the femur) |
Site of muscle and ligament attachment
|
|
|
Tuberosity
|
Large rounded process
(Tuberosity of the humerus) |
Site of muscle and ligament attachment
|
|
|
Condyle
|
Rounded, articulating knob
(Condyle of the humerus) |
Projection that forms joints
|
|
|
Head
|
Prominent, rounded, articulating end of a bone
(Head of the femur) |
Projection that forms joints
|
|
|
Foramen
|
Rounded opening through and nerves a bone to accommodate blood vessels
e.g:Foramen of the skull through which the cranial nerves pass |
Site for blood vessel, nerve, and duct passage
|
|
|
Fissure
|
Narrow, slitlike opening
e.g: Fissure of the sphenoid bone |
Site for blood vessel, nerve, and duct passage
|
|
|
Meatus
|
Opening or passage into a bone
e.g: external auditory meatus of the temporal bone |
Site for blood vessel, nerve, and duct passage
|
|
|
Sinus
|
Cavity or hollow space in a bone
e.g: Cavity of the frontal sinus |
Site for blood vessel, nerve, and duct passage
|
|
|
ankyl/o
|
stiffness;bent,crooked
|
ankyl/osis: abnormal condition of stiffness of a joint as a result of trauma, surgery, or disease and most commonly occurs in rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
Arthr/o
|
joint
|
arthr/itis: inflammation of a joint
|
|
|
kyph/o
|
humpback
|
kyph/osis: abnormal condition of a humpback posture
|
|
|
lamin/o
|
lamina(part of vertebral arch)
|
lamin/ectomy: excision of the lamina
|
|
|
lord/o
|
curve, swayback
|
lord/osis: abnormal condition of a swayback posture
|
|
|
myel/o
|
bone marrow; spinal cord
|
myel/o/cyte: bone marrow cell
|
|
|
orth/o
|
straight
|
orth/o/ped/ist: specialist in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
|
|
|
oste/o
|
bone
|
oste/oma:tumor composed of bone
|
|
|
ped/o, ped/i
|
foot; child
|
ped/o/graph: instrument for recording the imprint of the foot and gait
ped/i/cure: care of feet |
|
|
scoli/o
|
crooked, bent
|
scoli/osis: abnormal bending of the spint
|
|
|
thorac/o
|
chest
|
thorac/o/dynia: pain in the chest
|
|
|
acromi/o
|
acromion(projection of scapula)
|
acromi/al: pertaining to the acromion
|
|
|
brachi/o
|
arm
|
brachi/algia: pain in the arm
|
|
|
calcane/o
|
calcaneum(heel bone)
|
calcane/o/dynia: pain in the heel
|
|
|
carp/o
|
carpus(wrist bone)
|
carp/o/ptosis: wrist drop, prolapse
|
|
|
cephal/o
|
head
|
cephal/ad: toward the head
|
|
|
cervic/o
|
neck; cervix uteri(neck of uterus)
|
cervic/o/dynia: pain in the neck
|
|
|
clavicul/o
|
clavicle(collar bone)
|
clavicul/ar: pertaining to the clavicle
|
|
|
cost/o
|
Ribs
|
cost/ectomy: excision of a rib
|
|
|
crani/o
|
cranium(skull)
|
crani/o/tomy: incision of the cranium
|
|
|
dactyl/o
|
fingers; toes
|
dactyl/itis: inflammation of the fingers or toes
|
|
|
femor/o
|
femur(thigh bone)
|
femor/al: pertaining to the femur
|
|
|
fibul/o
|
fibula(smaller bone of the lower leg)
|
fibul/o/calcane/al: pertaining to the fibula and calcaneua
|
|
|
humer/o
|
humerus(upper arm bone)
|
humer/o/scapul/ar: relating to the humerus and scapula
|
|
|
ili/o
|
ilium(lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)
|
ili/o/pelvic:pertaining to the iliac area of the pelvis
|
|
|
ischi/o
|
ischium(lower portion of hip bone)
|
ischi/o/dynia: pain in the ischium
|
|
|
lumb/o
|
loins(lower back)
|
lumb/o/dynia: pain in the lumbar region of the back
|
|
|
metacarp/o
|
metacarpus(hand bones)
|
metacarp/ectomy:excision of metacarpal bones
|
|
|
metatars/o
|
metatarsus(foot bones)
|
metatars/algia: pain in the matatarsus
|
|
|
patell/o
|
patella(knee cap)
|
patell/ectomy: removal of the patella
|
|
|
pelv/i, pelv/o
|
pelvis
|
pelv/i/metry: act of measuring the pelvis
pelv/ic: pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
phalang/o
|
phalanges
|
phalang/ectomy: excision of phalanges
|
|
|
pod/o
|
foot
|
po/iatry: treatment of the feet
|
|
|
pub/o
|
pelvis bone(anterior part of pelvic bone)
|
pub/o/coccyg/eal: pertaining to the pubic and coccyx
|
|
|
radi/o
|
radiation, x-ray; radius(lower arm bone on thumb side)
|
radi/al: pertaining to the radius
|
|
|
spondyl/o
vertebr/o |
vertebrae(backbone)
|
spondyl/itis: inflammation of the vertebrae
|
|
|
stern/o
|
sternum
|
stern/ad: toward the sternum
|
|
|
tibi/o
|
tibia(larger bone of lower leg)
|
tibi/o/femoral: pertaining to the tibia and femur
|
|
|
leiomy/o
|
smooth muscle(visceral)
|
leiomy/oma:tumor of smooth muscle
|
|
|
muscul/o
my/o |
muscle
|
muscul/ar: pertaining to muscles
my/oma: tumor of muscle |
|
|
rhabd/o
|
rod-shaped(striated)
|
rhabd/oid: resembling a rod
|
|
|
rhabdomy/o
|
rod-shaped(striated) muscle
|
rhabdomy: tumor composed of striated muscular tissue
|
|
|
chondr/o
|
cartilage
|
chondri/itis: inflammation of cartilage
|
|
|
fasci/o
|
band, fascia(fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
|
fasci/o/plasty: surgical repair of fascia
|
|
|
fibr/o
|
fiber, fibrous tissue
|
fibr/oma: tumore of fibrous tissue
|
|
|
synov/o
|
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
|
synov/ectomy: removal of synovial membrane
|
|
|
ten/o
tend/o tendin/o |
tendon
|
ten/o/desis: surgical binding or fixation of a tendon
|
|
|
-asthenia
|
weakness, debility
|
my/asthenia: weakness of muscle
|
|
|
-blast
|
embryonic cell
|
my/o/blast: embryonic cel that develops into muscle
|
|
|
-clasia
|
to break, surgical fracture
|
oste/o/clasia: surgical fracture of a bone
|
|
|
-clast
|
to break
|
oste/o/clast: cell that breaks down bone
|
|
|
-desis
|
binding, fixation
|
arthr/o/desis: binding together of a joint
|
|
|
-malacia
|
softening
|
chondr/o/malacia: softening of cartilage
|
|
|
-physis
|
growth
|
epi/physis: growth upon (the end of a long bone)
|
|
|
-porosis
|
porous
|
oste/o/porosis: pororus bone
|
|
|
-scopy
|
visual examination
|
athr/o/scopy: visual examination of a joint
|
|
|
ankylosis
|
stiffening and immobility of a joint as result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
|
|
|
|
carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)
|
Painful condition from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel(wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)
|
|
|
|
claudication
|
Lameness, limping
|
|
|
|
contracture
|
Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
|
|
|
|
crepitation
|
Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture o joint destruction
|
|
|
|
electromyography
|
Use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction
|
|
|
|
exacerbation
|
Increase in severity of a disease or ay of its symptoms
|
|
|
|
ganglion cyst
|
Tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist
|
|
|
|
hemarthrosis
|
Effusion of blood into a joint cavity
|
|
|
|
hypotonia
|
Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
|
|
|
|
multiple myeloma
|
Primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow.
|
Multiple myeloma is a progressive, typically fatal disease that causes multiple tumor masses and bone fractures.
|
|
|
osteophyte
|
Bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord also called bone spur
|
|
|
|
phantom limb
|
Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
|
The sensation that a limb exists in the removed part is known as phantom pain
|
|
|
prosthesis
|
Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
|
|
|
|
rickets
|
Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, also called rachitis
|
|
|
|
sequestrum
|
Fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
|
|
|
|
spondylolisthesis
|
Any slipping(subluxation)of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
|
|
|
|
spondylosis
|
Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
|
|
|
|
sprain
|
Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate or complete
|
|
|
|
strain
|
to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular
|
|
|
|
subluxation
|
Partial or incomplete dislocation
|
|
|
|
talipes equinovarus
|
Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot
|
|
|
|
arthrography
|
Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, espeically the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
|
|
|
|
bone density tests
|
Radiographic procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure mineral bone density
|
used to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred
|
|
|
computed tomography(CT)
|
Imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam and a computer to make a series of cross-sectional images of a body part, which together make up a three-dimensional view of the area scanned; formerly called computerized axial tomography(CAT)
|
identifies various types of tissue abnormalities
|
|
|
Discography
|
Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injecting a contrast medium
|
used to diagnose suspected cases of herniated disk
|
|
|
lumbosacral spinal radiography
|
Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
|
used most commonly for lower back pain
|
|
|
myelography
|
Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions.
|
|
|
|
scintigraphy
a)bone |
Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
a)scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone |
Used to detect bone disorders
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduction
a)closed b)open |
Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position
a)realigned by manipulation rather than surgery b)repositioning through surgery |
|
|
|
casting
|
Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process
|
|
|
|
splinting
|
Application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process
|
|
|
|
traction
|
Use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process
|
|
|
|
amputation
|
Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease
|
|
|
|
arthrocentesis
|
Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
|
|
|
|
arthroclasia
|
Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
|
|
|
|
arthroscopy
|
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor
|
|
|
|
bone grafting
|
Implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
|
|
|
|
bursectomy
|
Excision of bursa(padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)
|
|
|
|
laminectomy
|
excision of the posterior arch of a verte
|
commonly performed to relieve symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disk
|
|
|
revision surgery
|
Surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prothesis
|
Revision surgery are often required to correct abnormalities due to bone infection or to correct misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prostheses.
|
|
|
sequestrectomy
|
Excision of sequestrum (necrosed bone)
|
|
|
|
synovectomy
|
Excision of synovial membrane
|
|
|
|
total hip replacement
|
Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degeneration disease, commonly arthritis
|
|
|
|
calcium supplements
|
Treat and prevent hypocalcemia
|
calcium carbonate, calcium citrate
|
|
|
gold salts
|
Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system
|
auranofin, aurothioglucose
|
|
|
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
|
Decrease pain and suppress inflammation
|
ibuprofen, naproxen
|
|
|
salicylates
|
Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
|
aspirin
|
|
|
skeletal muscle relaxants
|
Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness
|
cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol and aspirin
|
|
|
ACL
|
anterior cruciate ligament
|
|
|
|
AE
|
above the elbow
|
|
|
|
AK
|
above the knee
|
|
|
|
BE
|
barium enema, below the elbow
|
|
|
|
BK
|
below the knee
|
|
|
|
C1, C2 and so on
|
first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra and so on
|
|
|
|
Ca
|
calcium, cancer
|
|
|
|
CDH
|
congenital dislocation of the hip
|
|
|
|
CTS
|
carpal tunnel syndrome
|
|
|
|
CT
|
computed tomography
|
|
|
|
DEXA, DXA
|
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
|
|
|
|
DJD
|
degenerative joint disease
|
|
|
|
EMG
|
electromyography
|
|
|
|
Fx
|
fracture
|
|
|
|
MG
|
myasthenia gravis
|
|
|
|
HD
|
hemodialysis; hip disarticulation; hearing distance
|
|
|
|
HNP
|
herniated nucleus pulposus(herniated disk)
|
|
|
|
HP
|
hemipelvectomy
|
|
|
|
IS
|
intercostal space
|
|
|
|
IM
|
intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis
|
|
|
|
IV
|
intravenous
|
|
|
|
KD
|
knee disarticulation
|
|
|
|
L1, L2, and so on
|
first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on
|
|
|
|
LS
|
lumbosacral spine
|
|
|
|
MRI
|
magnetic resonance imaging
|
|
|
|
MS
|
musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; mitral stenosis
|
|
|
|
NSAIDs
|
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
|
|
|
|
ORTH, ortho
|
orthopedics
|
|
|
|
P
|
phosphorus; pulse
|
|
|
|
PCL
|
posterior cruciate ligament
|
|
|
|
RA
|
rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium
|
|
|
|
RF
|
rheumatoid factor; radio frequency
|
|
|
|
ROM
|
range of motion
|
|
|
|
SD
|
shoulder disarticulation
|
|
|
|
THA
|
total hip arthroplasty
|
|
|
|
THR
|
total hip replacement
|
|
|
|
TKA
|
total knee arthroplasty
|
|
|
|
TKR
|
total knee replacement
|
|
|
|
TRAM
|
transverse rectus abdominis muscle
|
|
