Medical Terminology Ch15 Musculoskeletal

Front 1

abduction

Back 1

process of carrying away from the body, muscle is being pulled away from the midline of the body

Front 2

acetabulum

Back 2

Hip socket/ femur

-Rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

Front 3

adduction

Back 3

process of carrying toward, muscle is pulled toward the midline of the body

Front 4

articular cartilage

Back 4

Cartilage surrounding bones in a joint.

-Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space

Front 5

articulation

Back 5

any type of joint

Front 6

bone

Back 6

Dense hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

-Structural support and protection of the internal organs of the body

Front 7

calcium

Back 7

One of the mineral constituents of bone

Front 8

compact bone

Back 8

Hard, dense bone tissue.

-contains haversian systems for blood vessels, nerves and yellow bone marrow (mostly fat).

Front 9

cranial bones

Back 9

Bones of the skull; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones.

Front 10

diaphysis

Back 10

Shaft or mid-portion of a long bone.

Front 11

disk (disc)

Back 11

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae.

Front 12

dorsiflexion

Back 12

Backward (upward) bending of the foot

Front 13

epiphyseal plate

Back 13

Layer of cartilage at the ends of long bones where lengthwise bone growth takes place.

Front 14

epiphysis

Back 14

end

Front 15

extension

Back 15

Lengthening or straightening a flexed limb

Front 16

fascia

Back 16

fibrous membranes separating and enveloping muscles

Front 17

facial bones

Back 17

Bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic bones.

Front 18

flexion

Back 18

bending a limb; decreasing the angle between two bones

Front 19

malleolus

Back 19

Either of two bony enlargements (processes) on each side of an ankle.

Front 20

olecranon

Back 20

Pertaining to the elbow (olecranon).

Front 21

orthopedist

Back 21

Specialist; Surgical specialty devoted to straightening, correcting and treating deformities and diseases in bones

Front 22

ossification

Back 22

the process of bone formation

Front 23

physiatrist

Back 23

Medical doctor who specializes in restoring patients to functional activity after injuries to bones, nerves, and muscles

Front 24

plantar flexion

Back 24

bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground.

Front 25

pronation

Back 25

As applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm backward or down.

Front 26

ribs

Back 26

Twelve pairs of curved, elongated bones in the chest.

Front 27

rotation

Back 27

circular movement around a central point.

Front 28

sinus

Back 28

Hollow, air cavity within a bone.

Front 29

Cardiac muscle

Back 29

not consciously controlled and found exclusively in the heart.

Front 30

smooth muscle

Back 30

control is involuntary- they move internal organs such as the Digestive tract, blood vessels and ducts of glands.

Front 31

striated muscle/ skeletal muscle

Back 31

under voluntary control- they move all the bones as well as the face and eyes

Front 32

supination

Back 32

As applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm forward or up.

Front 33

vertebra

Back 33

Single backbone

(Vertebrae plural)

Front 34

visceral muscle

Back 34

muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle

Front 35

calc/o

calci/o

Back 35

calcium

Front 36

kyph/o

Back 36

posterior curvature in thoracic region

Front 37

-listhesis

Back 37

slipping

Front 38

lord/o

Back 38

curve

Front 39

lumb/o

Back 39

lower back; loins

Front 40

-malacia

Back 40

softening

Front 41

myel/o

Back 41

bone marrow

Front 42

orth/o

Back 42

straight

Front 43

oste/o

Back 43

bone

Front 44

-physis

Back 44

to grow

Front 45

acetabul/o

Back 45

acetabulum (hip socket)

Front 46

calcane/o

Back 46

calcaneus (heel)

Front 47

ischi/o

Back 47

ischium (part of pelvic bone)

Front 48

carp/o

Back 48

carpals (wrist bones)

Front 49

clavic/o

Back 49

clavicle (collar bone)

Front 50

malleol/o

Back 50

malleolus (process of each side of the ankle)

Front 51

cost/o

Back 51

ribs

Front 52

crani/o

Back 52

cranium (skull)

Front 53

femor/o

Back 53

femur (thigh bones)

Front 54

mandibul/o

Back 54

mandible (lower jaw bone)

Front 55

olecran/o

Back 55

olecranon (elbow)

Front 56

patell/o

Back 56

patella (kneecap)

Front 57

uln/o

Back 57

ulna (lower arm bone- little finger side)

Front 58

pelv/i

Back 58

pelvis (hipbone)

Front 59

phalang/o

Back 59

phalanges (fingers, toe bones)

Front 60

ankyl/o

Back 60

stiff

Front 61

pub/o

Back 61

pubis (anterior part of pelvic bone)

Front 62

radi/o

Back 62

radius (forearm bone-thumb side)

Front 63

scapul/o

Back 63

scapula (shoulder blade)

Front 64

arthr/o

Back 64

joint

Front 65

chondr/o

Back 65

cartilage

Front 66

ligament/o

Back 66

ligament

Front 67

my/o

Back 67

muscle

Front 68

rheumat/o

Back 68

watery flow

Front 69

metatars/o

Back 69

metatarsals (foot bones)

Front 70

myocardi/o

Back 70

heart muscle

Front 71

ten/o

Back 71

tendon

Front 72

tendin/o

tendon/o

Back 72

tendon

Front 73

-desis

Back 73

to bind, tie together

Front 74

myos/o

Front 75

plant/o

Back 75

sole of the foot

Front 76

poly-

Back 76

many, much

Front 77

scoli/o

Back 77

crooked

Front 78

spondyl/o

Back 78

verterbra

Front 79

-tome

Back 79

instrument to cut

Front 80

-trophy

Back 80

development, nourishment

Front 81

vertebr/o

Back 81

vertebra

Front 82

-porosis

Back 82

pore, passage

Front 83

fibul/o

Back 83

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

Front 84

humer/o

Back 84

humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 85

metacarp/o

Back 85

metacarpals (hand bones)

Front 86

ab-

Back 86

away from

Front 87

ili/o

Back 87

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

Front 88

maxill/o

Back 88

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

Front 89

stern/o

Back 89

sternum (breastbone)

Front 90

tars/o

Back 90

tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)

Front 91

burs/o

Back 91

bursa (sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another)

Front 92

ad-

Back 92

toward

Front 93

tibi/o

Back 93

tibia (shin bone)

Front 94

articul/o

Back 94

joint

Front 95

-stenosis

Back 95

narrowing

Front 96

fibr/o

Back 96

fibrous connective tissue

Front 97

-asthenia

Back 97

lack of strength

Front 98

dorsi-

Back 98

back

Front 99

leiomy/o

Back 99

smooth muscle

Front 100

exostosis

Back 100

bony growth on surface of bone

Front 101

bunion

Back 101

swelling of a medial aspect of a joint between big toe and first metatarsal bone

Front 102

fracture

Back 102

traumatic braking of bone

Front 103

closed (simple) fracture

Back 103

the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin.

Front 104

open (compound) fracture

Back 104

the bone is broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin

Front 105

pathologic fracture

Back 105

caused by disease of bones that causes them to weaken. Ex: tumor, infection, osteoporosis

Front 106

osteomyelitis

Back 106

softening of the bone

Front 107

osteomalacia

Back 107

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Front 108

osteoporosis

Back 108

condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass

Front 109

arthritis

Back 109

inflammation of any joint

Front 110

gouty arthritis

Back 110

inflammation due to excessive uric acid in body

Front 111

osteoarthritis (OA)

Back 111

loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs at articular surfaces; can occur in any joint, but mainly in spine, hips, and knees of older people

Front 112

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Back 112

autoimmune reaction against joint tissues (synovial membrane)

Front 113

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 113

compression of median nerve as it passes between ligament and bones and tendons of the wrist

Front 114

dislocation

Back 114

displacement of bone from a joint

Front 115

ganglion cyst

Back 115

a fluid filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist

Front 116

herniation of an intervertebral disk (slipped disk)

Back 116

abnormal protrusion of the disk into the neural canal or against spinal nerves, "slipped disk".

Front 117

sciatica

Back 117

pain radiating down the leg

Front 118

sprain

Back 118

trauma to joint with pain, swelling, injury to ligaments without rupture.

Front 119

systemic lupus erythematosus

Back 119

SLE

chronic inflammatory disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs affecting collagen in tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage all over the body

Front 120

polymyositis

Back 120

chronic inflammatory

Front 121

arthrocentesis

Back 121

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

Front 122

arthrography

Back 122

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.

Front 123

arthroplasty

Back 123

surgical repair of a joint

Front 124

arthroscopy

Back 124

visual examination of a joint with a arthroscope and television camera

Front 125

bone density test

Back 125

low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass.

Front 126

electromyography

Back 126

process of recording electricity in the heart

Front 127

muscle biopsy

Back 127

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination

Front 128

degenerative joint disease

Back 128

osteoarthritis (OA) progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes/ bone spurs) at articular surfaces.

Front 129

muscular dystrophy

Back 129

group of inherited diseases with progressive muscle weakness and degeneration without nervous system involvement

Front 130

total hip replacement

Back 130

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone

Front 131

total knee replacement

Back 131

a metal prothesis covers the end of the femur, and a tibial component made of metal and plastic covers the tip end of the tibia.

Front 132

BKA

Back 132

below-knee amputation

Front 133

C1-C7

Back 133

cervical vertebrae

Front 134

CTS

Back 134

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 135

DO

Back 135

Doctor of osteology

Front 136

DTRs

Back 136

deep tendon reflexes

Front 137

IM

Back 137

intramuscular

Front 138

L1-L5

Back 138

lumbar vertebrae

Front 139

OA

Back 139

Osteoarthritis

Front 140

ORIF

Back 140

open reduction (of fracture)/ internal fixation

Front 141

Ortho

Back 141

Orthopedics (orthopaedics)

Front 142

OT

Back 142

Occupational therapy

Front 143

PT

Back 143

Physical therapy

Front 144

RA

Back 144

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 145

ROM

Back 145

Range of motion

Front 146

T1-T12

Back 146

Thoracic Vertebrae

Front 147

THR

Back 147

total hip replacement/ arthroplasty

Front 148

TKR

Back 148

total knee replacement/ arthroplasty

Front 149

***osteoporosis***

Back 149

condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass

Front 150

***hypertrophy***

Back 150

excessive development (increase in cell size).

Front 151

***Arthrography***

Back 151

taking X-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.

Front 152

***Tenorrhaphy***

Back 152

suture of a tendon

Front 153

***coccyx***

Back 153

tailbone

Front 154

***fibromyalgia***

Back 154

pain of fibrous connective tissue and muscle

Front 155

What is included in the Musculoskeletal system?

Back 155

bones, muscles and joints of the body

Front 156

Muscle

Back 156

internal and external movement

Front 157

Joints

Back 157

where the bones come together/type determined by flexibility

Front 158

Tendons

Back 158

bind muscles to bones

Front 159

ligaments

Back 159

bind bones to other bones

Front 160

Muskuloskeletal System Physicians

Back 160

Orthopedist: MD

Rheumatologist: MD

Physiatrist: MD

Osteopathic physician: DO

Front 161

In the term myalgia, the word root is ___and the word root means___

Back 161

(my) (muscle)

Front 162

pertaining to the sternum and ribs

Back 162

sternocostal

Front 163

pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones

Back 163

fibular

Front 164

What is the abbreviation for the condition affecting the wrist and caused by pressure on a nerve?

Back 164

(CTS) tunnel syndrome Incorrect Response

Front 165

flexion

Back 165

decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

Front 166

costal

Back 166

pertaining to the rib bones

Front 167

olecranal

Back 167

pertaining to the elbow

Front 168

polymyalgia

Back 168

pain of many muscles

Front 169

chondromalacia

Back 169

softening of cartilage

Front 170

arthroplasty

Back 170

surgical repair of a joint

Front 171

scapular

Back 171

pertaining to the shoulder bone

Front 172

osteomyelitis

Back 172

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Front 173

diaphysis

Back 173

The shaft of a long bone

Front 174

The mandible and maxilla are bones of the

Back 174

face