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195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cervic/o
|
neck or cervix
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colp/o
vagin/o |
vagina (sheath)
|
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episi/o
vulv/o |
vulva (covering)
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gynec/o
|
woman
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hyster/o
meter/o uter/o |
uterus
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lact/o
|
milk
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mast/o
mamm/o |
breast
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men/o
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menstruation
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oophor/o
ovari/o |
ovary
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ov/i
ov/o |
egg
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salping/o
|
uterine (fallopian) tube
also; eustachian tube |
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toc/o
|
labor birth
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-arche
|
beginning
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uterus
|
womb, pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo and fetus develops
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fundus
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upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes
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endometrium
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lining of the uterus, which is shed about every 28 to 30 days in a non pregnant female during menstruation
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myometrium
|
muscular wall of the uterus
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uterine tubes
fallopian tubes |
tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus
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adnexa
|
uterine tubes and overies (uterine appendages)
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right uterine appendage
left uterine appendage |
right/left tube and ovary
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ovary
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one of two glands locaed on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones
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cervix
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neck of the uterus
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cervical os
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opening of the cervix to the uterus
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vagina
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tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body
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vulva
|
external genitalia of the female
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labia
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folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening, known as the labia majora and labia minora
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clitoris
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female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva
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hymen
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fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina
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introitus
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entrance to that vagina
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Bartholin glands
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two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse
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perineum
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region between the vulva and anus
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mammary glands
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two glands in the female breast capable of producing milk
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mammary papilla
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nipple
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areola
|
dark pigmented area around the nipple
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embryo
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the developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week
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fetus
|
the developing organism from the ninth week to birth
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placenta
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vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus
(placenta = cake) |
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amniotic sac
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membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus, filled with amniotic fluid
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amniotic fluid
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fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus
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meconium
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intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn
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amenorrhea
|
absence of menstruation
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstruation
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oligomenorrhea
|
scanty menstrual period
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anovulation
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absence of ovulation
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dyspareunia
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painful intercourse
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leukorrhea
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abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge
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menorrhagia
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excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation
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metrorrhagia
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bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation
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oligo-ovulation
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irregular ovulation
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cervicitis
|
inflammation of the cervix
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congenital anomalies
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birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or structure
(i.e. double uterus or absent vagina) |
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dermoid cyst
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congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue (teeth, bone, cartilage, and hair) typically found in an ovary; usually benign
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displacments of uterus
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displacement of the uterus from its normal position
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anteflexion
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abnormal forward bending of the uterus
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retroflexion
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abnormal backward bending of ther uterus
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retroversion
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backward turn of the whole uterus; tipped uterus
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endometriosis
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condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
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endometritis
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inflammation of the endometrium
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fibroid
fibromyoma leiomyoma |
benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue
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fistula
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abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another
(fistula = pipe) |
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retrovaginal fistula
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abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum
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vesicovaginal fistula
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abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina
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cervical neoplasia
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abnormal development of cervical tissue cells
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cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
cervical dysplasia |
potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation:
CIN-1 - mild dysplasia CIN-2 - moderate dysplasia CIN-3 - severe dysplasia |
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carcinoma in situ (CIS) of cervix
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malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures
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menopause
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cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones
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oophoritis
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inflammation of one or both ovaries
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parovarian cyst
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cyst of the uterine tube (fallopian tube)
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pelvic adhesions
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scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury
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pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the flaaopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often causd by bacteria
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pelvic floor relaxation
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relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs
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cystocele
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pouching of the bladder into the vagina
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rectocele
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pouching of the rectum into the vagina
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enterocele
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pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and rectum
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urethrocele
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pouching of the urethra into the vagina
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prolapse
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descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal
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salpingitis
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inflammation of a fallopian tube
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vaginitis
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inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation, often caused by a specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (sexually transmitted parasite)
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atrophic vaginitis
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thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depleton of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue
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vaginosis
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infection of the vagina with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milklike discharge and an unpleasant odor; also know as nonspecific vaginitis
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adenocarcinoma of the breast
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malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue
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amastia
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absence of a breast
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fibrocystic breasts
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benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods
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gynecomastia
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development of mammary glands in the male, caused by altered hormone levels
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hypermastia
macromastia |
abnormally large breasts
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hypomastia
micromastia |
unusually small breasts
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mastitis
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inflammation of breast, most commonly in women who are breast feeding
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polymastia
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presence of more than two breasts
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polythelia
supernumerary nipples |
presence of more that one nipple on a breast
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biopsy (Bx)
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removal of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination
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aspiration Bx
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needle draw of tissue or fluid from a cavity for cytological examination; also called needle biopsy
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endoscopic Bx
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removal of an entire lesion for microscopic examination
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incisional Bx
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removal of a piece of suspicious tissue for microscopic examination
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needle biopsy
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removal of a core specimen of tissue using a special hollow needle
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stereotactic breast Bx
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use of x-ray imaging, a specialized stereoactic frame, and a computer to calculate, precisely locate, and direct a needle into a breast lesion for the removal of a core specimen for biopsy
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colposcopy
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examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope, a specialized microscope used to examine the vagina and cervix, often with a camera attachment for photographs; used to document findings and follow-up treatments
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hysteroscopy
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use of a hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities (polyps, fibroids, anomalies)
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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use of nonionizing images to detect gynecologic conditions (e.g. anomalies of the pelvis or soft tissues of the breast) or to stage tumors arising from the endometrium or cervix
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Papanicolaou smear
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study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities
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radiograpy
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x-ray imaging
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hysterosalpingogram
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x-ray of teh fallopian tubes after injection of contrast medium throught the cervix; used to determine tubal patency (openness)
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mammogram
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low dose x-ray of the breast tissue made to detect neoplasms
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pelvic sonography
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ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis
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endovaginal sonogram
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ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made wtih the ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion
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hysterosonogram
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a transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or determine tubal patency
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transabdominal sonogram
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ultrasound image of the lower abdomen, including the bladder, uterus, tubes and ovaries, to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors
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adhesiolysis
adhesiotomy |
breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions
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cervical conization
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removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix
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colporrhaphy
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suture to repair the vagina
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anterior repair
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repair of a cystocele
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posterior repair
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repair of a rectocele
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A&P repair
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anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele
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cryosurgery
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method of destroying tissue by freezing; used for treating dysplasia and early cancers
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dialation and curettage
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dialation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception
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hysterectomy
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removal of the uterus
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abdominal hysterectomy
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removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen
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vaginal hysterectomy
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removal of the uterus through the vagina
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total hysterectomy
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removal of the uterus and cervix
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laparoscopy
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inspection of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope, which is an endoscope used to examine the abdominal and pelvic regions
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laparoscopic surgery
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surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope
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laser surgery
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use of a laser to destroy lesions or dissect or cut tissue, used frequently in gynecology
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loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) |
loop configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions
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myomectomy
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excision of fibroid tumors
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oophorectomy
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excision of an ovary
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ovarian cystectomy
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excision of an ovarian cyst
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salpingectomy
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excision of a uterine tube
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bilateral salpingooophorectomy
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excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries
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salpingotomy
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incision into a fallopian tube, often performed to remove an ectopic pregancy
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salpingostomy
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creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage
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tubal ligation
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sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying (ligating) the uterine tubes
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lumpectomy
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excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes, usually followed by radiation or chemothearpy if the tumor is found to be cancerous
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mastectomy
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removal of a breast
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simple mastectomy
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removal of an entire breast but with underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact
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radial masterectomy
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removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes
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modified radical masterectomy
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removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla
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mammoplasty
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surgical reconstruction of a breast
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augmentation mammoplasty
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reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by inserting an implant
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reduction mammoplasty
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reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue
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mastopexy
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elevation of pendulous breast tissue
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hormonal controceptives
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hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation
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oral contraceptive pill (OCP)
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birth control pills
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contraceptive injection
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injection of the hormone into the body
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contraceptive implant
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insertion of a controceptive capsule under the skin to provide a continual infusion over an extented time
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barrier contraceptives
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products that provide a physical barrier to prevent conception (e.g. condom, diaphram)
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intrauterine device (IUD)
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contraceptive device inderted into the uterus that prevents implantation of a fertilized egg
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spermicidals
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creams, jellies, lotions or foams containing agents that kill sperm
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gravida
|
pregnant woman
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nulligravida
|
never having been pregnant
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primigravida
|
first pregnancy
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gravida4
|
fourth pregancy
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para
|
to bear; a woman who as produced one or more viable (live outside the uterus) offspring
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nullipara
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a woman who has not borne a child
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primipara
|
first delivery
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multipara
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a woman who has given birth to two or more children
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para4
|
four pregnancys resulting in births
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cervical effacement
|
progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery
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estimated date of confinement (EDC)
estimated date of dilivery (EDD) |
expected date for delivery of the baby, normaly 280 days or 40 weeks from last menstrual period (LMP)
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meconium staining
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presence of meconium in amniotic fluid
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ruptured membranes
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rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor
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macrosomia
|
large-bodied baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies
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polyhydramnios
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excessive amniotic fluid
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abortion (AB)
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expulsion of the product of conception before the fetus is viable (able to live outside the uterus)
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spontaneous abortion (SAB)
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miscarriage; expulsion of products of conception occurring naturally
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habitual abortion
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spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies
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incomplete abortion
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incomplete expulsion of products of conception
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missed abortion
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death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death
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threatened abortion
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bleeding with the treat of miscarriage
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cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
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condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small
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eclampsia
|
true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma
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preeclampsia
pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) |
toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions and coma
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ectopic pregnancy
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inplantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or rarely in the abdominal cavity
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erythroblastosis fetalis
|
disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh-negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus
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Rh Factor
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presnce or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fatal anemia
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hyperemesis gravidarum
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severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus
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meconium aspiration
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fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium
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placenta previa
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displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity
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abruptio placentae
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premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
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chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
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sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examinatio to detect fetal abnormalities
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amniocentesis
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aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities
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fetal monitoring
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use of an electronic device for simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions
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pelvimetry
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obstetric measurement of pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery
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pregnancy test
|
test performed on urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by the placenta) which indicates pregnancy
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endovaginal sonogram
transvaginal sonogram |
ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasound tansducer within the vagina; useful for detecting pathology
|
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obstetric sonogram
|
ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development
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cesarean section (c-section)
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surgical delivery of a baby through an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus
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episiotomy
|
incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery
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amnioinfusion
|
introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relieve fetal distress
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therapeutic abortion (TAB)
|
abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical reasons
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version
|
manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate dilivery
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external version
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abdominal manipulation
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internal version
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intravaginal manipulation
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abortifacient
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drug that causes abortion (i.e. mifepristone, RU-486)
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oxytocin
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hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction, used to induce labor
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Rh immune globulin
|
immunizing agent giving to an Rh-neg mother within 72 hours after dilivering an Rh-pos baby to supress Rh immune responce
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tocolytic agent
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drug used to stop labor contractions
|