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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aden/o
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gland
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adren/o
adrenal/o |
adrenal gland
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andr/o
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male
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crin/o
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to screte
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dips/o
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thrist
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gluc/o
glyc/o |
sugar
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hormon/o
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hormone
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ket/o
keton/o |
ketone bodies
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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thyr/o
thyroid/o |
thyroid gland
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adrenal glands
suprarenal glands |
located on the superior surface of each kidney
adrenal cortex scretes steriod hormones adrenal medula scretes epinephrine |
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steriod hormones
glucocorticoids mineral corticosteroids androgens |
regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance; have some effect on sexual characteristics
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epinephrine
norepinephrine |
affect sympathetic nervous systems in stress responce
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ovaries
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lacted on both sides of the uterus, screte estrogen and progesterone
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estrogen
progesterone |
responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of reproduction
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pancreas
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located behind the stomach in front of the first and second lumbar vertebrae, secreting insulin and glucagons
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insulin
glucagons |
regulate carbohydrate and sugar metabolism
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parathyroid glands
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two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck, secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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pineal gland
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located in the center of the brain, secreting melatonin and serotonin
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melatonin
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exact fucntion unknown; affects onset of puberty
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serotonin
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a neurotransmitter that serves as the percursor to melatonin
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pituitary gland
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located at the base of the brain; contains anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) pituitary portions
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tyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
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anterior pituitary hormone:
stimulates secretion from thyroid gland |
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adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
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anterior pituitary hormone:
stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex |
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follicle stimulatiing hormone (FSH)
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anterior pituitary hormone:
initiates growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates secretion of estrogen in females and sperm production in males |
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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anterior pituitary hormone:
causes ovulation; stimulates secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum; causes secretion of testosterone in testes |
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melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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anterior pituitary hormone:
affects skin pigmentation |
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growth hormone (GH)
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anterior pituitary hormone:
influences growth |
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prolactin
(lactogenic hormone) |
stimulates breast development and milk production during pregancy
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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posterior pituitary hormone:
influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules |
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oxytocin
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posterior pituitary hormone:
influences uterine contraction |
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testes
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located on both sides within the scrotum in the male; secreting testosterone
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testosterone
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affects masculinization and reproduction
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thymus gland
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located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart secretomg thymosin
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thymosin
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regulates immune responce
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thyroid gland
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located in front of the neck, secreting triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin
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triiodothyronine
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regulate metabolism
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thyroxine
calcitonin |
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
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exophthalmos
exophthalmus |
protrusion of one or both eyeballs, often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball
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glucosuria
glycosuria |
glucose (sugar) in the urine
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hirsutism
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shaggy; an excessive growth of hair, especially in unusual places (bearded lady)
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hypercalcemia
hypocalcemia |
abnormally high/low level of calcium in the blood
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hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia |
high/low blood sugar
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hyperkalemia
hypokalemia |
abnormally high/low level of potassium in the blood
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hypersecretion
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abnormally high/low secretion
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ketosis
ketoacidosis diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) |
presence of an abnormal amount of keytone bodies in the blood and urine, indicating an abnormal use of carbohydrates such as in uncontroled diabetes and starvation
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metabolism
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all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste, and other body functions
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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Cushing Syndrome
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collection of signs and symptoms caused by excessive levle of cortisol hormone from any cause.
symptomoms: upper body obesity, facial puffyness, easily brused |
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adrenal virilism
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excessive output of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women caused by a tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by apearence of male traits
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diabetes mellitus (DM)
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pancreas:
metabolic disorder caused by the absence or insufficient production of insulin secreted by the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria |
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insulin
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pancreas:
hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose |
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type 1 diabetes mellitus
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pancreas:
diabetes in which these is no beta cell production of insulin. the patient is dependent of insulin for survival |
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type 2 diabetes mellitus
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pancreas:
diabetes in which these isn't enough insulin production or too much resistance to insulin. the patient isn't dependent of insulin for survival |
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hyperinsulinism
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pancreas:
condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood, draws sugar out of the blood stream |
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pancreatitis
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pancreas:
inflamation of the pancreas |
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hyperparathyroidism
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parathyroid glands:
hyptersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usually caused by a tumor |
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hypoparathyroidism
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parathyroid glands:
hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands |
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acromegaly
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pituitary gland:
disease characterized by enlarged featues, especially the face and hands |
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pituitary dwarfism
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pituitary gland:
condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone, slowing growth causing short but proportional statue, no intelligence changes |
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pituitary gigantism
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condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood, abnormal overgrowth of long bones
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goiter
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enlargment of thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, or lack of deitary iodine
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hyperthyroidism
graves disease thyrotoxicosis |
condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by protrusion of the eyeball, tachycardia, goiter and tumor
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hypothyroidism
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condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland characteized by sluggishness, slow pulse, and obesity
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myxedema
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advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pluse, puffiness in hands and face, and dry skin
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cretinism
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condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development
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blood sugar (BS)
blood glucose |
measurement of the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood
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fasting blood sugar (FBS)
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measurement of blood sugar level after a fasting (not eating) for 12 hours
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postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)
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measurement of blood sugar level after a meal (~2 hours later)
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glucose tolerance test (GTT)
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measurement of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a prescribed amount of glucose after a fasting period, then measuring blood and urine for glucose leves every hours thereafter for 4-6 hours
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glycohemoglobin
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molecule (fraction) in hemoglobin that rises in the blood as a result of an increased level of blood sugar; common blood test used in diagnosing and treating diabetes
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electrolytes
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measurement of level of specific ions (sodium, potassium, CO2) in the blood; electrolyter balance is essential for normal metabolism
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thyroid function study
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measurement of thyroid hormone levels in blood plasma to determine efficiency of glandular secretions, including T3, T4, TSH
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urine sugar and ketone studies
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chemical tests to determine the presence of sugar or ketone bodies in urine; used as a screen for diabetes
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computed tomography (CT)
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CT of the head is used to obtain a transverse (horizontal) view of the pituitary gland
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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nonionizing images of magnetic resonance are useful in identifying abnormailities of the pituitary, pancreas, adrenal and thyroid glands
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sonography
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sonographic images used to identity endocrine pathology, such as a thyroid ultrasound
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thyroid uptake and image
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nuclear image produced by a scan of the thyroid to visualize the radioactive accumulation of previoulsy injected isotopes to detect thyroid nodules or tumors
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adrenalectomy
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excision of adrenal gland
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hypophysectomy
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excision of pituitary gland
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pancreatectomy
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excision of pancreas
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parathyroidectomy
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excision of parathyroid gland
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thymectomy
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excision of thymus gland
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thyroidectomy
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excision of thyroid gland
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radioiodine thearpy
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use of radioactive iodine to treat disease, such as to eradicate thyroid tumor cells; treatment is administered in a nuclear medicine facility
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antihypoglycemic
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a drug that raises blood glucose
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hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
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treatment with a hormone to correct a hormone deficiency (e.g. estrogen, testosterone, thyroid)
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hypoglycemic
antihyperglycemic |
drug that lowers blood glucose (e.g. insulin)
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