Medical Terminology Ch07

Front 1

alveol/o

Back 1

alveolus (air sac)

Front 2

bronch/o
bronchi/o

Back 2

bronchus (airway)

Front 3

bronchio/o

Back 3

bronchiole (little airway)

Front 4

capn/o
carb/o

Back 4

carbon dioxide

Front 5

laryng/o

Back 5

larynx (voicebox)

Front 6

lob/o

Back 6

lobe (portion)

Front 7

nas/o
rhin/o

Back 7

nose

Front 8

or/o

Back 8

mouth

Front 9

ox/o

Back 9

oxygen

Front 10

palat/o

Back 10

palate

Front 11

pharyng/o

Back 11

pharynx (throat)

Front 12

phren/o

Back 12

diaphragm

Front 13

pleur/o

Back 13

pleura (lining of lungs)

Front 14

pneum/o
pneumon/o

Back 14

air or lung

Front 15

pulmon/o

Back 15

lung

Front 16

sinus/o

Back 16

sinus

Front 17

spir/o

Back 17

breathing

Front 18

thorac/o
pector/o
steth/o

Back 18

chest

Front 19

tonsill/o

Back 19

tonsil

Front 20

trache/o

Back 20

trachea (windpipe)

Front 21

uvul/o

Back 21

uvula

Front 22

-pnea

Back 22

breathing

Front 23

nose

Back 23

entrance to respatory system

Front 24

sinuses

Back 24

air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

Front 25

palate

Back 25

roof of the mouth, divided into the hard and soft palate

Front 26

pharynx

Back 26

throat passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larnyx

Front 27

nasopharynx

Back 27

part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

Front 28

oropharynx

Back 28

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and that upper edge of the epidlottis

Front 29

laryngopharynx

Back 29

lower part of the pharynx

Front 30

tonsils

Back 30

oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air

Front 31

adenoid

Back 31

lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose

Front 32

uvula

Back 32

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

Front 33

larynx

Back 33

voice box, passage for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea

Front 34

glottis

Back 34

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

Front 35

epiglottis

Back 35

lidlike structure that covers the larynx during swallowing

Front 36

trachea

Back 36

windpipe, passage from the larynx to the carina

Front 37

bronchial tree

Back 37

branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli (airsacs)

Front 38

bronchioles

Back 38

progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways

Front 39

alveoli

Back 39

thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

Front 40

lungs

Back 40

responsible for resperations

Front 41

lobes

Back 41

subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and three on the right

Front 42

pleura

Back 42

membranes enclosing the lung

Front 43

diaphragm

Back 43

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal, moves to aid in breathing

Front 44

mediastinim

Back 44

seperates the thorax into two compartments

Front 45

mucous membranes

Back 45

thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passages, secrete viscid (sticky)

Front 46

cilia

Back 46

hairlike processes from the surface of epithelial cells, move mucus secretions upward

Front 47

parenchyma

Back 47

functional tissues of any organ

Front 48

eupnea

Back 48

normal breathing

Front 49

bradypnea

Back 49

slow breathing

Front 50

tachypnea

Back 50

fast breathing

Front 51

hypopnea

Back 51

shallow breathing

Front 52

hyperpnea

Back 52

deep breathing

Front 53

dyspnea

Back 53

difficulty breathing

Front 54

apnea

Back 54

inability to breathe

Front 55

orthopnea

Back 55

ability to breathe only in an upright position

Front 56

cheyne-stokes respiration

Back 56

pattern of breatheing characterized by a gradulal increase of depth and sometimes rate of breathing

Front 57

crackles

Back 57

popping sounds heard on ausculation of the lung when air enters

Front 58

wheezes
rhonchi

Back 58

high-pitched, musical sounds heard on ausculation of the lung when air flows through a narrowed airway

Front 59

stridor

Back 59

high-pitched crowing sounds that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway

Front 60

cyanosis

Back 60

bluish coloration of the skin caused by deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

Front 61

dysphonia

Back 61

hoarseness

Front 62

epistaxis

Back 62

nosebleed

Front 63

expectoration

Back 63

coughing up and spitting out material from the lungs

Front 64

sputum

Back 64

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

Front 65

hemoptysis

Back 65

coughing up and spitting out blood from the lungs

Front 66

hypercapnia
hypercarbia

Back 66

excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 67

hyperventilation

Back 67

excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs, causing HYPOcapnia (deficent CO2 levels in blood)

Front 68

hypoventilation

Back 68

deficent movement of air in and out of the lungs, causing HYPERcapnia (excessive CO2 levels in blood)

Front 69

hypoxemia

Back 69

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

Front 70

hypoxia

Back 70

deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

Front 71

obstructive lung disorder

Back 71

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

Front 72

restricive lung disorder

Back 72

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

Front 73

caseous necrosis

Back 73

degeneration and death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance

Front 74

pulmonary edema

Back 74

fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli and eventually flooding into the alveoli

Front 75

pulmonary infiltrate

Back 75

desity on an xray representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs usually resulting from an inflammatory process

Front 76

rhinorrhea

Back 76

thin, watery discharge from the nose

Front 77

asthma

Back 77

panting, obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal attacks of wheezing, dyspnea and cough

Front 78

atelecasis

Back 78

collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)

Front 79

bronchitis

Back 79

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 80

bronchogenic carcinoma

Back 80

lung cancer, originating in the bronchi

Front 81

bronchospasm

Back 81

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle

Front 82

bronchietasis

Back 82

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

Front 83

emphysema

Back 83

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

Front 84

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 84

permanent, destrucitve pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Front 85

laryngitis

Back 85

inflammation of the larynx

Front 86

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
croup

Back 86

inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates and funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct "sear bark" cough

Front 87

laryngospasm

Back 87

spasm of laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

Front 88

nasal polyposis

Back 88

presence of numerous polyps in the nose

Front 89

pharyngitis

Back 89

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 90

coryza

Back 90

head cold; inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes

Front 91

pleural effusion

Back 91

accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity

Front 92

empyema
pyothorax

Back 92

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

Front 93

hemothorax

Back 93

blood in pleural cavity

Front 94

pleuritis
pleurisy

Back 94

inflammation of pleura

Front 95

pneumoconiosis

Back 95

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts suck as coal, asbestos, or silicone

Front 96

pneumonia

Back 96

an inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites

Front 97

pneumonia

Back 97

pneumonia caused by an organism, typical in AIDS paients

Front 98

pneumothorax

Back 98

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

Front 99

pneumonitis

Back 99

inflammation of the lung iften caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts

Front 100

pulmonary embolism

Back 100

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, caused by a blood clot

Front 101

pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Back 101

disease caused by the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs, causes formation of tubercles and inflammation

Front 102

sinusitis

Back 102

inflammation of the sinuses

Front 103

sleep apnea

Back 103

periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

Front 104

tonsillitis

Back 104

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

Front 105

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Back 105

infectious deiseas of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx and bronchi

Front 106

arterial blood gases

Back 106

analysis of arterial blood to determine adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases

Front 107

nasopharyngoscopy

Back 107

use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages

Front 108

auscultation

Back 108

examination method, to listen, method of using body sounds to diagnois

Front 109

percussion

Back 109

examination method, tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to extimate the size, border or fluid content of a cavity

Front 110

polysomnography (PSG)

Back 110

recording of various aspects of sleep, diag of sleep disorders

Front 111

pulmonary function testing (PFT)

Back 111

direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities

Front 112

spirometry

Back 112

direct measurement of lung capacity

Front 113

tidal volume (TV)

Back 113

amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration

Front 114

vital capacity (VC)

Back 114

amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

Front 115

peak flow (PF)
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

Back 115

measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

Front 116

pulmonary angiography

Back 116

xray of the blood vessels of lungs after injection of contrast material

Front 117

lobectomy

Back 117

removal of a lobe of a lung

Front 118

pneumonectomy

Back 118

removal of an entire lung

Front 119

thoracentesis

Back 119

puncture for aspiration of the chest

Front 120

thoracostomy

Back 120

creation of an opening in the chest, usually to insert a tube

Front 121

thoracotomy

Back 121

incision into chest

Front 122

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Back 122

when breathing and heart have stopped, artifical breathing and circulation

Front 123

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Back 123

device that pumps a constant pressurized flow through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure

Front 124

endotracheal intubation

Back 124

passage of a tube into the trachea via nose or mouth to open the airway for dilivery of gas mixtures

Front 125

incentive spirometry

Back 125

common postoperative breathing threapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and prevent pulmonary complications

Front 126

histamine

Back 126

a compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions, inflammation and so on, causes constriction of bronchial smooth muscle

Front 127

expectorant

Back 127

drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing