Medical Terminology- Ch 8 Symptomatic Diagnosis Tests Operative

Front 1

aphasia, dysphasia

Back 1

imparement because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease

Front 2

coma

Back 2

a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow Coma Scale

Front 3

delirium

Back 3

a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose (deliro= to draw the furrow awry when plowing, to go off the rails)

Front 4

dementia

Back 4

an imparement of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion (dementio = to be mad)

Front 5

motor deficit

Back 5

loss or imparement of muscle function

Front 6

sensory deficit

Back 6

loss or imparement of sensation

Front 7

neuralgia

Back 7

pain along the course of a nerve

Front 8

paralysis

Back 8

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

Front 9

flaccid paralysis

Back 9

defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

Front 10

spastic paralysis

Back 10

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

Front 11

hemiparesis

Back 11

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

Front 12

sciatica

Back 12

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression of the nerve or its roots

Front 13

seizure

Back 13

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses; may or may not be associated with convulsions.

Front 14

convulsion

Back 14

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

Front 15

syncope

Back 15

fainting

Front 16

tactile stimulation

Back 16

evoking a response by touching

Front 17

hyperesthesia

Back 17

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

Front 18

paresthesia

Back 18

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

Front 19

agnosia

Back 19

any type of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information

Front 20

astereognosis

Back 20

inability to judge the form of an object by touch (e.g. a coin from a key)

Front 21

atopognosis

Back 21

inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body

Front 22

Alzheimer's disease

Back 22

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions , total disability, and death

Front 23

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Back 23

condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle weakness in th arms and legs, to the muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing, to total paralysis and death; also known as "Lou Gehrig disease"

Front 24

cerebral palsy (CP)

Back 24

condition of motor dysfunction caused bu damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination

Front 25

cerebrovascular disease

Back 25

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

Front 26

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Back 26

hardening of the arteries of the brain

Front 27

cerebral atherosclerosis

Back 27

condition of lipid build up within the blood vessels of the brain

Front 28

cerebral aneurysm

Back 28

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

Front 29

cerebral thrombosis

Back 29

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

Front 30

cerebral embolism

Back 30

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported though the circulation

Front 31

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke

Back 31

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke)

Front 32

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Back 32

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (imparement); often preceeds a CVA

Front 33

encephalitis

Back 33

inflammation of the brain

Front 34

electrodiagnostic procedures

Back 34

procedures used to evaluate func of nervous system by recording electrical signals produced in brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Front 35

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 35

type of electrodiagnostic procedure. Record of minute electical impulses of brain. Used to ID neurological cond that affect brain func and level of consiousness

Front 36

evoked potentials

Back 36

type of electrodiagnostic procedure. Record of minute electrical potentials (waves ) that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity to diagnose auditory, visual, and sensory pathway disroders. Used to monitor neurological func of patients during surgery

Front 37

polysomnography (PSG)

Back 37

recording of various aspects of sleep (eye & muscle mvmt, respiration, EEG patterns) to diagnose sleep disorders

Front 38

lumbar puncture (LP)

Back 38

introduction of a specialized needle into spine in lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (to obtain CSF for testing), aka spinal tap

Front 39

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 39

nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and rf waves to visualize anatomic structures ie tissues of brain and spinal cord

Front 40

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Back 40

MRI of bld vessels to detect pathologicol cond such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis

Front 41

intracranial MRA

Back 41

MRI of head to visulize vessels of circle of Willis (common site of cerebral aneurysm, stenosis, or occlusion)

Front 42

extracranial MRA

Back 42

MRI of neck to visualize carotid artery

Front 43

nuclear medicine imaging

Back 43

radio nuclide organ imaging

Front 44

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scan

Back 44

scan combining nuclear med and CT to produce images of brain after admin of radioactive isotopes

Front 45

positron-emission tomography (PET)

Back 45

nuclear med and CT to produce images of brain anatomy and physioogy. Used to study stroke, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, metabolic brain disorders, chem of nerve transmissions in brain, etc. more accurate than SPECT, but not as popular b/c more expensive and limited avilability of radioisotopes

Front 46

radiography

Back 46

x-ray imaging

Front 47

cerebral angiogram

Back 47

x-ray of bld vessels in brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

Front 48

CT of the head

Back 48

CT (xray) images of head used to visualize abnormalities such as brain tumors and malformations

Front 49

myelogram

Back 49

xray of spinal cord obtained after intraspinal injection of contrast medium

Front 50

reflex testing

Back 50

test performed to observe body's response to stimulus

Front 51

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

Back 51

involuntary muscle contraction after percussion at a tendon (patella or Archilles) indicating func, postive findings are either no reflex response or an exaggerated response to stimulus; #'s often used to record responses (0= no response, 1= diminished response, 2=normal response 3=more brisk than average response 4= hyperactive response)

Front 52

Babinski sign/reflex

Back 52

pathologic response to stim of plantar surface of foot. + sign when toes dorsiflex (curl upward)

Front 53

transcranial Doppler sonogram

Back 53

image made by sending ultrasound beams through skull to assess bld flow in intracranial vessels; used in diagnosis and mgmt of stroke and head trauma

Front 54

carotid endarterectomy

Back 54

incision/coring of lining of carotid artery to clear blockage caused by buildup of atherosclerotic plaque or a clot. Open procedure used to tx patients who are at risk for stroke

Front 55

craniectomy

Back 55

excision of part of skull to approach brain

Front 56

craniotomy

Back 56

incision into skull to approach brain

Front 57

diskectomy/ discectomy

Back 57

removal of herniated disk; often done percutaneously

Front 58

endovascular neurosurgery/ interventional neuroradiology

Back 58

minimally invasive tech for dx and tx of disorders w/in bld vessels of neck, brain, spinal cord using specialized catheters inserted percutaneously (through skin) into femoral artery (in groin) and guided by angiographic imaging to txment site. Performed in specialized angiographic lab by interventional neuroradiologists. common procedures incl 1) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) w/ stent (eg carotid PTA) 2) embolization (plugging) of intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations

Front 59

laminectomy

Back 59

excision of one or more laminae of vertabrae to approach spinal cord

Front 60

vertebral lamina

Back 60

flattened posterior portion of vertebral arch

Front 61

microsurgery

Back 61

use of microscope to dissect minute structures during surgery

Front 62

neuroplasty

Back 62

surgical repair of nerve

Front 63

spondylosyndesis

Back 63

spinal fusion