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98 Cards in this Set

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Alimentary Canal/Gastrointestinal Tract

A continuous tube beginning with the mouth and ending at the anus.

*What are the 3 main functions of the digestive system? Define each.

Digestion ⇨ The process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action so the body can obsorb it.


Absorption ⇨ The process by which nutrient material is taken into the bloodstream or lymph and travels to all cells of the body.


Elimination ⇨ The process whereby the solid waste or end products of digestion at excreted.

Gingivae

Gums surrounding the necks of teeth

Lingual Frenulum

Connects the free part of the tongue to the underlying epithelium by a thin fold of mucous membrane which prevents extreme movement of the tongue

Deciduous Teeth

They are the temporary teeth


20 in total ⇨ 8 incisors, 4 canines or cuspids, 8 molars.

Baby teeth or Milk teeth

Permanent/Secondary Dentition Teeth


*Name the teeth on the picture.

They are the permanent teeth


32 in total ⇨ 8 incisors, 4 canines of cuspids, 8 premolars, 12 molars

Incisors

Have a sharp cutting edge adapted for biting into food

4 front teeth in top and bottom

Canine/Cuspid

Larger and stronger than the incisors

The one tooth on both top and bottom on either side of the front four.

Premolars/Bicuspid

Behind the canines

Molars

The largest teeth. Their crowns are adapted for grinding and pounding food.

*Locate the Crown, Root and Neck and define.

Crown ⇨ Projects above the gum


Root ⇨ Embedded in the alveolus, jaw


Neck ⇨ The constricted portion between the crown and root

Pulp Cavity

Contains the dental pulp

Root Canal

Narrow tunnel at the root or base of a tooth

Apical Cavity

Opening at the end of the root canal to allow blood vessels and nerves to enter

Periodontal Ligament

Binds the teeth to bony sockets in the jaw.

Crementum

A thin layer of bone covering the root, protecting the root and anchoring the peridontal ligament

Dentin

The bulk of the tooth

Enamel

Covers the exposed part of the crown and hardest, compact part of a tooth

Gingival Sulcus

A groove that surrounds the neck of the tooth.

Pharynx

The throat

Nasopharynx

The upper part of the pharynx above the soft plate

Oropharynx

Middle part of the pharynx between the palate and hyoid bone, has an opening to the oral cavity.

Laryngopharynx

Voice box

Epiglottis

Flap of tissue that blocks food from entering the airway

Esophagus

Muscular tube from the pharynx to the stomach

Cardiac Sphincter/Lower Esophageal Sphincter

The junction between the esophagus and stomach that relaxes to let food into the stomach

Peristalsis

Wave like, muscular contractions that carry food from the esophagus to the stomach

Duodenum

The first 12 inches of the small intestine beyond the stomach

Jejunum

8 feet of the small intestine after the duodenum

Ileum

Remaining 12 feet of the small intestine

Cecum

Pouch like structure forming the star of the large intestine and has the appendix attached to it

Colon

Bulk of the large intestine

Anus

Emd of the large intestine where the last is expelled from

Parotid Salivary Glands

Located just below the ears

Submandibular Salivary Glands

Located in the floor of the mouth

Sublingual

Located below the tongue

Liver

The largest glandular organ in the body located in the upper right part of the abdomen

Gallbladder

Small pear shaped sac under the liver

Pancreas

Large elongated gland situated behind the stomach and secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine

absorpt/o

To take in

aden/o

Gland

aliment/o

Nourishment

amyl/o

Starch

anabol/o

Building up

append/o


appendic/o

Appendix

bil/i

Gall, bile

choledoch/o

Common bile duct

cirrh/o

Orange-yellow

col/o


colon/o

Colon

cyst/o

Bladder

dent/o


odont/o

Tooth

diverticul/o

Diverticula

duoden/o

Duodenum

enter/o

Intestine

esophag/o


esophage/o

Esophagus

fibr/o

Fiberous tissue

gastr/o

Stomach

gingiv/o

Gums

gloss/o


lingu/o

Tongue

glyc/o

Sweet, sugar

halit/o

Breath

hemat/o

Blood

hemorrh/o

Vein liable to bleed

hepat/o

Liver

herni/o

Hernia

ile/o

Ileum

labi/o

Lip

lapar/o

Abdomen

lip/o

Fat

pancreat/o

Pancreas

pept/o

To digest

pharyng/e


pharyng/o

Pharynx

pil/o

Hair

prand/i

Meal

proct/o

Anus and rectum

pylor/o

Pylorus, gatekeeper

rect/o

Rectum

sial/o

Saliva, salivary

sigmoid/o

Sigmoid

splen/o

Spleen

stomat/o

Mouth

verm/i

Worm

Amylase

Enzyme that breaks down starch


*Ptyalin is salivary


**Amylopsin is pancreatic

Anorexia

Lack of appetite, decreased desire for food

Appendectomy

Surgical excision of the appendix

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

Ascites

Significant accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Biliary

Pertaining to bile

Bilirubin

Orange-colored bile pigment produced by separation hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells

Bowel

Intestine

Buccal

*literally means pertaining to the cheek


Relating to the cheek or mouth

Catabolism

*literally a casting down


In metabolism a breaking of complex substances into more basic elements

Celiac

Pertaining to the abdomen

Cheilosis

Abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies

Cholecystectomy

Surgical excision of the gallbladder

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Choledochotomy

Surgical incision of the common bile duct

Chyle

Milky fluid of intestinal digestion composed of lymph and emulsified fats