Medical Terminology Ch. 7

Front 1

Elecrolytes

Back 1

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves

Front 2

Albuminura

Back 2

the presence of serum albumin in the urine

Front 3

Anuria

Back 3

the cessation of urinary secretion by the kidney or a urinary output of less than 100 ml per day

Front 4

Bacteriuria

Back 4

bacteria in the urine

Front 5

Cystitis

Back 5

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Front 6

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 6

a chronic syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that is caused either by insufficient insulin secretion or by target tissue insulin resistance;DM occurs in two major forms, type 1 (formerly called insulin-dependent) and type 2 (formerly known as non-insulin-dependent); Type 1 and type 2 differ in etiology, age of onset, pathology, genetics, and treatment

Front 7

Diabetes Insipidus

Back 7

any of several types of polyuria in which copious quantities of urine are excreted (exceeding 3 liters per day), resulting in dehydration and extreme thirst; underlying cause may be hormonal or renal

Front 8

Diuresis

Back 8

increased production and excretion of urine

Front 9

Dysuria

Back 9

a painful or difficult urination, usually due to bacterial infection or obstruction in the urinary tract

Front 10

Retrograde Pyelogram

Back 10

a radiograph produced to examine the collecting system of the kidneys, especially to locate a urinary tract obstruction; the image is obtained after contrast medium is injected through a catheter into the ureters and calyces of the renal pelvis.

Front 11

Trigone

Back 11

1. a triangle

2. the first three dominant cusps of a molar tooth

3. the trigone of the bladder

Front 12

Dialysis

Back 12

1. the process of separating macromolecules from ions and low molecular weight compounds in a solution by the difference of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

2. the procedure for the removal of certain elements from blood or lymph by virtue of their different diffusion rates through a semipermeable membrane; also called hemodialysis

Front 13

Edema

Back 13

accumulation of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces; may be localized or systemic

Front 14

Enuresis

Back 14

urinary incontinence that occurs after the age at which urinary control should have been achieved; often used specifically to denote nocturnal enuresis, or bed-wetting

Front 15

Glomerulonephritis

Back 15

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by proteinuria, decreased urine production, hematuria, and edema

Front 16

Glycosuria

Back 16

an abnormal presence of glucose in the urine

Front 17

Glomerulus

Back 17

1. a tuft or cluster

2. a structure made up of nerve fibers or blood vessels

Front 18

Hematuria

Back 18

an abnormal presence of blood in the urine

Front 19

Hemodialysis

Back 19

removal of certain elements (impurities or wastes) from the blood, performed by diffusion of the blood through a semipermeable membrane; used in the treatment of renal failure and other toxic conditions

Front 20

Hydronephrosis

Back 20

distention of the pelvis and calices of the kidney by urine that is unable to flow past an obstruction in a ureter

Front 21

Urinary Incontinence

Back 21

involuntary leakage of urine

Front 22

Nocturia

Back 22

urination, particularly that of an excessive amount, occurring at night; also called nycturia

Front 23

Oliguria

Back 23

the excretion of a reduced amount of urine in relation to fluid intake; also called hyporesis and oliguresis.

Front 24

Polydipsia

Back 24

chronic excessive thirst and fluid intake

Front 25

Polyuria

Back 25

abnormally excessive urine output

Front 26

Pyuria

Back 26

the presence of pus in the urine

Front 27

Renal Calculi

Back 27

kidney stones

Front 28

Renal Tubules

Back 28

one of the minute, secretory, collecting canals that form the substance of the kidneys

Front 29

Urea

Back 29

a compound formed in the liver and excreted by the kidney; the principal end product of protein catabolism, urea accounts for about one half of the total urinary solids

Front 30

Uremia

Back 30

1. the presence of excessive amounts of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood

2. in current usage, all of the signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure, including vomiting, nausea, hypertension, and mental confusion

Front 31

Urinalysis

Back 31

a physical, microscopic, or chemical examination of urine

Front 32

Urinary Retention

Back 32

a condition in which a person is unable to empty the bladder completely