Medical Terminology Ch. 4 Body Structure

Front 1

cytoplasm

Back 1

gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell but is contained within the cell membrane

Front 2

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Back 2

molecule that holds genetic information and makes an exact copy of itself whenever the cell divides

Front 3

diagnosis

Back 3

identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory and clinical test results, and radiographic procedures

Front 4

endoscope

Back 4

instrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity

Front 5

etiology

Back 5

study of the causes of disease

Front 6

fluoroscope

Back 6

instrument, consisting of an x-ray machine and a fluorescent screen, used to view the internal organs of the body

Front 7

idiopathic

Back 7

pertaining to conditions without clear pathogenesis, or disease without recognizable cause, as of spontaneous origin

Front 8

metabolism

Back 8

chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and produce energy and basic materials needed for all life processes

Front 9

prognosis

Back 9

prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated chance of recovery

Front 10

sign

Back 10

any objective evidence or manifestation of an illness or a disordered function of the body

Front 11

symptom

Back 11

any change in the body or its functions as perceived by the patient

Front 12

levels of organization from simplest to most complex

Back 12

cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

Front 13

cytology

Back 13

the study of the body at the cellular level

Front 14

cells are composed of

Back 14

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Front 15

the cell membrane acts as a barrier that encloses the entire cell and regulates

Back 15

the transport of a multitude of substances to and from the cell

Front 16

the nucleus is responsible for

Back 16

metabolism, growth, and reproduction

Front 17

tissues

Back 17

groups of cells that perform a specialized activity

Front 18

epithelial tissue

Back 18

covers surfaces of organs; lines cavities and canals; forms tubes, ducts and secreting portions of glands; and makes up the epidermis of the skin

Front 19

connective tissue

Back 19

supports and connects other tissues and organs and is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood

Front 20

muscle tissue

Back 20

provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement

Front 21

nervous tissue

Back 21

transmits electrical impulses

Front 22

organs are

Back 22

body structures composed of at least two or more tissue types that perform specialized functions

Front 23

a body system is composed of

Back 23

varying numbers of organs and accessory structures that have similar or interrelated functions

Front 24

midsagittal (median)

Back 24

right and left halves

Front 25

coronal (frontal)

Back 25

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects

Front 26

transverse (horizontal)

Back 26

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

Front 27

the body has 2 major cavities

Back 27

dorsal cavity (posterior) and ventral cavity (anterior)

Front 28

the thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by

Back 28

a muscular wall called a diaphragm

Front 29

the dorsal cavity consists of

Back 29

cranial- brain
spinal- spinal cord

Front 30

the ventral cavity consists of

Back 30

thoracic- heart, lungs, and associated structures
abdominopelvic- digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures

Front 31

two anatomical methods are used to divide the abdominopelvic area of the body

Back 31

quadrants and regions

Front 32

Right upper quadrant(RUQ)

Back 32

right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of the small and large intestines

Front 33

left upper quadrant(LUQ)

Back 33

left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

Front 34

right lower quadrant(RLQ)

Back 34

part of the small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter

Front 35

left lower quadrant(LLQ)

Back 35

part of the small and large intesines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Front 36

abdominopelvic regions are used primarily to identify

Back 36

the location of underlying body structures and visceral organs

Front 37

left hypochondriac region

Back 37

upper left region beneath the ribs

Front 38

epigastric region

Back 38

region above the stomach

Front 39

right hypochondriac region

Back 39

upper right region beneath the ribs

Front 40

left lumbar region

Back 40

left middle lateral region

Front 41

umbilical region

Back 41

region of the navel

Front 42

right lumbar region

Back 42

right middle lateral region

Front 43

left inguinal (iliac) region

Back 43

left lower lateral region

Front 44

hypogastric region

Back 44

lower middle region beneath the navel

Front 45

right inguinal (iliac) region

Back 45

right lower lateral region

Front 46

divisions of the spine

Back 46

cervical(neck), thoracic(chest), lumbar (loin), sacral (lower back), coccyx (tailbone)

Front 47

abduction

Back 47

movement away from the median plane of the body or one of its parts

Front 48

adduction

Back 48

movement toward the median plane of the body

Front 49

medial

Back 49

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

Front 50

lateral

Back 50

pertaining to a side

Front 51

superior (cephalad)

Back 51

toward the head or upper portion of a structure

Front 52

inferior (caudal)

Back 52

awary from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

Front 53

proximal

Back 53

nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

Front 54

distal

Back 54

further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body

Front 55

anterior (ventral)

Back 55

near the front of the body

Front 56

posterior (dorsal)

Back 56

near the back of the body

Front 57

parietal

Back 57

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

Front 58

visceral

Back 58

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

Front 59

prone

Back 59

lying horizontal with the face downward, or indicating the hand with palms turned downward

Front 60

supine

Back 60

lying on the back with the face upward, or indicating the position of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward

Front 61

inversion

Back 61

turning inward or inside out

Front 62

eversion

Back 62

turning outward

Front 63

palmar

Back 63

pertaining to the palm of the hand

Front 64

plantar

Back 64

pertaining to the sole of the foot

Front 65

superficial

Back 65

toward the surface of the body

Front 66

deep

Back 66

away from the surface of the body (internal)

Front 67

cyt/o

Back 67

cell

Front 68

hist/o

Back 68

tissue

Front 69

nucle/o, kary/o

Back 69

nucleus

Front 70

anter/o

Back 70

anterior, front

Front 71

caud/o

Back 71

tail

Front 72

crani/o

Back 72

cranium (skull)

Front 73

dist/o

Back 73

far, farthest

Front 74

dors/o

Back 74

back (of body)

Front 75

infer/o

Back 75

lower, below

Front 76

later/o

Back 76

side

Front 77

medi/o

Back 77

middle

Front 78

poster/o

Back 78

back (of body), behind, posterior

Front 79

proxim/o

Back 79

near, nearest

Front 80

ventr/o

Back 80

belly, belly side

Front 81

abdomin/o

Back 81

abdomen

Front 82

cervic/o

Back 82

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

Front 83

gastr/o

Back 83

stomach

Front 84

ili/o

Back 84

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

Front 85

inguin/o

Back 85

groin

Front 86

lumb/o

Back 86

loins, lower back

Front 87

umbilic/o

Back 87

navel

Front 88

pelv/i, pelv/o

Back 88

pelvis

Front 89

spin/o

Back 89

spine

Front 90

thorac/o

Back 90

chest

Front 91

albin/o, leuk/o

Back 91

white

Front 92

chlor/o

Back 92

green

Front 93

chrom/o

Back 93

color

Front 94

cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o

Back 94

yellow

Front 95

cyan/o

Back 95

blue

Front 96

erythr/o

Back 96

red

Front 97

melan/o

Back 97

black

Front 98

poli/o

Back 98

gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)

Front 99

acr/o

Back 99

extremity

Front 100

eti/o

Back 100

cause

Front 101

fasci/o

Back 101

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

Front 102

idi/o

Back 102

unknown, peculiar

Front 103

morph/o

Back 103

form, shape, structure

Front 104

path/o

Back 104

disease

Front 105

radi/o

Back 105

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

Front 106

somat/o

Back 106

body

Front 107

son/o

Back 107

sound

Front 108

viscer/o

Back 108

internal organs

Front 109

xer/o

Back 109

dry

Front 110

-genesis

Back 110

forming, producing, origin

Front 111

study of the cause or origin of a disease or disorder

Back 111

etiology

Front 112

possible causes of disease these are examples of?
diabetes, measles/mumps, cleft lip, hemophilia, burns/trauma, cancer

Back 112

metabolic, infectious, congenital, hereditary, environmental, neoplastic

Front 113

diagnosis

Back 113

establishing the cause and nature of a disease

Front 114

prognosis

Back 114

the prediction of the course of a disease and its probable outcome

Front 115

idiopathic

Back 115

any disease whose cause is unknown

Front 116

adhesion

Back 116

abnormal fibrous band that holds normally separated tissues together, usually occurring within a body cavity

Front 117

analyte

Back 117

substance being analyzed or tested, generally by means of a chemical

Front 118

contrast medium

Back 118

in radiology, a substance that is injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic imaging of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films

Front 119

dehiscence

Back 119

bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

Front 120

febrile

Back 120

feverish; pertaining to a fever

Front 121

homeostasis

Back 121

relative constancy or equilibrium in the internal environment of the body, which is maintained by the ever changing processes of feedback and regulation in response to external or internal changes

Front 122

inflammation

Back 122

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and, sometimes, loss of function

Front 123

morbid

Back 123

diseased; pertaining to a disease

Front 124

nuclear medicine

Back 124

branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substance for diagnosis, treatment, and research

Front 125

radiology

Back 125

medical discipline concerned with the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury

Front 126

diagnostic radiology

Back 126

medical imaging using external sources of radiation to evaluate body structures and functions of organs

Front 127

interventional radiology

Back 127

use of imaging techniques in the nonsurgical treatment of various disorders, such as balloon angioplasty and cardiac catherterization

Front 128

therapeutic radiology

Back 128

use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of malignant tumors; AKA radiation oncology

Front 129

radionuclides

Back 129

substances that emit radiation spontaneously; AKA tracers

Front 130

radiopharmaceutical

Back 130

radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance that travels to the organ or area of the body that will be scanned

Front 131

scan

Back 131

term used to describe a computerized image by modality or by structure

Front 132

sepsis

Back 132

pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

Front 133

suppurative

Back 133

producing or associated with generation of pus