Medical Terminology Ch 4

Front 1

(osteo)(poro)(sis)

(bone)(opening)(condition)

Back 1

condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture

Front 2

(osteo)(penia)

(bone)(deficient)

Back 2

decreased calcification of bone

Front 3

(osteo)(myel)(it is)

(bone)(bone marrow)(inflammation)

Back 3

inflammation of bone tissue

Front 4

(osteo)(malacia)

(bone)(abnormal softness)

Back 4

soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium (rickets)

Front 5

rickets

Back 5

Old English- to twist

disease due to Vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones

Front 6

(a)(chondro)(plasia)

(w/o)(cartilage)(formation)

Back 6

condition w/ abnormal, early conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism

Front 7

(sarc)(oma)

(flesh)(tumor,mass)

Back 7

malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

Front 8

(osteo)(gen)(ic) sarcoma

(bone)(creation)(p.t.)

Back 8

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells1

Front 9

(osteo)(genesis) (imperfecta)

(bone)(creation) (Latin- unfinished)

Back 9

inherited condition when bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones

Front 10

(osteo)(blast)

(bone)(immature cell)

Back 10

a bone-forming cell

Front 11

(osteo)(cyte)

(bone)(cell)

Back 11

a bone-maintaining cell

Front 12

(a)(lign)(ment)

(variant of ad, into)(line)(resulting state)

Back 12

having a structure in its correct position relative to others

Front 13

(re)(duct)(ion)

(backward)(lead)(action, condition)

Back 13

restore a structure to its normal position

Front 14

(comminut)(ed)

(break into)(p.t.)

Back 14

a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces

Front 15

(mal)(un)(ion)

(bad)(one)(condition)

Back 15

when the 2 bony ends of the fracture fail to heal together correctly

Front 16

(non)(un)(ion)

(not)(one)(condition)

Back 16

total failure of healing of a fracture

Front 17

(patho)(log)(ic) (fract)(ure)

(disease)(to study)(p.t.) (to break)(result of)

Back 17

fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer

Front 18

(whip)(lash)

(to swing)(end of whip)

Back 18

symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension and flexion of the neck, often in an automobile accident

Front 19

vertebra

Back 19

Latin- spinal joint

one of the bones of the spinal column

Front 20

spine

Back 20

Latin- spine

vertebral column or a short projection from a bone

Front 21

(cervic)(al)

(neck)(p.t.)

Back 21

p.t. the neck region

Front 22

lumbar

Back 22

Latin- loin

the region of the back and sides b/w the ribs and pelvis

Front 23

sacrum

Back 23

Latin- sacred

segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis

Front 24

coccyx

Back 24

Greek- coccyx

small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column

Front 25

(scoli)(osis)

(crooked)(condition)

(scolio)(tic)

(crooked)(p.t.)

Back 25

an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

p.t./suffering from scoliosis

Front 26

(kyph)(osis)

(bent/humpback)(condition)

Back 26

a normal posterior curve of the spine that can be exaggerated in disease

Front 27

cranium

Back 27

Greek- skull

the upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

Front 28

(pariet)(al)

(wall)(p.t.)

Back 28

the 2 bones forming the sidewalls and root of the cranium

Front 29

(occipit)(al)

(back of the head)(p.t)

Back 29

the back of the skull

Front 30

(tempor)(al)

(time)(p.t)

Back 30

bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull

Front 31

(shpen)(oid)

(wedge)(resemble)

Back 31

wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull

Front 32

(ethm)(oid)

(sieve)(resemble)

Back 32

bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

Front 33

maxilla

Back 33

Latin- jawbone

upper jawbone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses

Front 34

(palant)(ine)

(palate)(p.t)

Back 34

bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits

Front 35

zygoma(tic)

Back 35

French- yoke

bone that forms the prominence of the cheek

Front 36

(lacrim)(al)

(tears)(p.t)

Back 36

lacrimal bone forms part of the medial wall of the orbit

Front 37

mandible

Back 37

Latin- jaw

lower jaw bone

Front 38

(temporo)(mandibul)(ar) joint--- TMJ

(temple)(mandible)(p.t)

Back 38

the joint b/w the temporal bone and the mandible

Front 39

scapula

Back 39

Latin- shoulder blade

Front 40

clavicle

Back 40

Latin- collarbone

curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle

Front 41

acromion

Back 41

Greek- tip of the shoulder

lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint

Front 42

(acromio)(clavicul)(ar)

(acromion)(clavicle)(p.t)

Back 42

joint b/w the acromion and the clavicle

Front 43

(articul)(ate)

(joint)(composed of)

(articul)(ation)

(joint)(process)

Back 43

2 separate bones have formed a joint

a joint

Front 44

humerus

Back 44

Latin- shoulder

single bone of the upper arm

Front 45

(pector)(al) (girdle)

(chest)(pt) (Old English- encircle)

Back 45

incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Front 46

(dis)(locat)(ion)

(apart)(place)(action)

Back 46

completely out of joint

Front 47

(sub)(luxat)(ion)

(under)(dislocate)(action)

Back 47

an incomplete dislocation when some contact b/w the joint surfaces remain

Front 48

trochlea

Back 48

Latin- pulley

smooth articular surface of bone on which another glides

Front 49

ulna

Back 49

Latin- elbow, arm

the medial and larger bone of the forearm

Front 50

(capitu)(lum)

(small head)(small structure)

Back 50

a small head or rounded extremity of a bone

Front 51

radius

Back 51

Latin- spoke of a wheel

the forearm bone on the thumb side

Front 52

prone (Latin- lying down)

(Pronat)(ion)

(bend down)(action)

Back 52

process of lying face down or of turning a hand or foot surface down

Front 53

supine (Latin- bend backward)

(supinat)(ion)

(bend backwards)(action)

Back 53

process of lying face upward or of turning a hand or foot facing up

Front 54

Colles fracture

Back 54

Abraham Colles- Irish surgeon (1773-1801)

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

Front 55

carpus (Greek- wrist)

(carp)(al)

(wrist bone)(p.t)

(meta)(carpal)

(after)(wrist bones)(p.t)

Back 55

the 8 carpal bones of the wrist

p.t the wrist

the 5 bones b/w the carpus and the fingers

Front 56

phalynx

Back 56

Latin- bone of finger/toe

one of the bones of the digits

Front 57

(meta)(carpo)(phalange)(al)

(after, subsequent to)(bones of the wrist)(phalanx)(p.t)

Back 57

the joints b/w the metacarpal bones and the phalanges

Front 58

(osteo)(arthr)(itis)

(bone)(joint)(inflammation)

Back 58

chronic inflammatory disease of joints

Front 59

(arthr)(itis)

(joint)(inflammation)

Back 59

inflammation of a joint(s)

Front 60

Heberden node

Back 60

William Hererden- English physician (1710-1801)

bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis

Front 61

(rheumat)(ism)

(a flow)(condition

(rheumat)(ic)

(a flow)(pt)

(rheumat)(oid) arthritis

(a flow)(resembling)

Back 61

pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system

systemic disease affecting many joints

Front 62

eponym

Back 62

Greek- eponymous

a procedure or a diagnosis w/ a name derived from the name of the person who discovered it

Front 63

symphysis

Back 63

Greek- grow together

2 bones joined by fibrocartilage

Front 64

pubis (Latin- pubis)

(pub)(ic)

(pubis)(pt)

Back 64

alternative name for the pubic bone

pt the pubic bone

Front 65

pelvis

Back 65

Latin- basin

basin-shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spine

Front 66

(sacro)(ili)(ac) joint

(sacrum)(ilium)(pt)

Back 66

the joint b/w the sacrum and the ilium

Front 67

ilium

Back 67

Latin- groin

large wing-shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis

Front 68

ischium

Back 68

Greek- hip

lower and posterior part of the hipbone

Front 69

acetabulum

Back 69

Latin- vinegar cup

the cup-shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint

Front 70

femur

Back 70

Latin- thigh

the thigh bone

Front 71

(radio)(logy)

(radiation/x-ray)(study of)

Back 71

study of medical imaging

Front 72

brace

Back 72

Old English- to fasten

appliance to support a part of the body in the correct position

Front 73

(arthro)(desis)

(joint)(to fuse together)

Back 73

fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery

Front 74

diastasis

Back 74

Greek- separation

separation of normally joined parts

Front 75

labrum

Back 75

Latin: lip-shaped

cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint

Front 76

(a)(vascul)(ar)

(w/out)(blood vessel)(pt)

Back 76

w/out a blood supply

Front 77

necrosis

Back 77

Greek- death

pathologic death of cells or tissue

Front 78

(arthro)(plasty)

(joint)(reshaping by surgery)

Back 78

surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint

Front 79

prosthesis

Back 79

Greek- addition

an artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

Front 80

(co)(later)(al)

(together)(side)(pt)

Back 80

situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction

Front 81

cruciate

Back 81

Latin- cross

shaped like a cross, in this case, the 2 internal ligaments of the knee joint cross over each other to form an "x"

Front 82

meniscus

Back 82

Greek- crescent

disc of cartilage b/w the bones of a joint

Front 83

tibia

Back 83

Latin- large shinbone

the larger bone of the lower leg

Front 84

patella

Back 84

Latin- small plate

thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint, embedded in the patellar tendon

Front 85

fibula

Back 85

Latin- clasp or buckle

the smaller of the 2 bones of the lower leg

Front 86

(arthro)(scope)

(joint)(instrument to examine visually)

(arthro)(scopy)

(joint)(the process of using an instrument to examine visually)

Back 86

endoscope used to examine the interior of a joint

visual examination of the interior of a joint

Front 87

(hyper)(flex)(ion)

(excessive)(bend)(action)

Back 87

flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits

Front 88

(menisc)(ectomy)

(crescent, meniscus)(surgical excision)

Back 88

excision of all or part of a meniscus

Front 89

(pre)(patell)(ar)

(before)(patella)(pt)

Back 89

in front of the patella

Front 90

bursa (Latin- purse)

(burs)(itis)

(bursa)(inflammation)

Back 90

a closed sac containing synovial fluid

inflammation of a bursa

Front 91

(tendin)(itis)

(tendon)(inflammation)

Back 91

inflammation of a tendon

Front 92

(arthro)(centesis)

(joint)(puncture)

Back 92

aspiration of fluid from a joint

Front 93

(arthro)(graphy)

(joint)(process of recording)

Back 93

x-ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint

Front 94

(de)(bride)(ment)

(removal)(rubble)(action)

Back 94

the removal of injured or necrotic tissue

Front 95

talus

Back 95

Latin- heel bone

the tarsal bone that articulates w/ the tibia to form the ankle joint

Front 96

tarsus (Latin- ankle)

(tars)(al)

(ankle)(pt)

Back 96

the collection of 7 bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep

Front 97

calcaneus

Back 97

Latin- the heel

bone of the tarsus that forms the heel

Front 98

(meta)(tars)(us)

(after)(ankle)(pt)

Back 98

5 parallel bones of the foot b/w the tarsus and the phalanges

Front 99

(pod)(iatry)

(foot)(treatment)

(pod)(iatrist)

(foot)(practitioner)

Back 99

the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

practitioner of podiatry

Front 100

bunion

Back 100

French- bump

a swelling at the base of the big toe

Front 101

(hallux) (valgus)

(big toe)(turn out)

Back 101

deviation of the big toe toward the medial side of the foot

Front 102

Pott fracture

Back 102

Percival Pott- London (1714-1788)

fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often w/ fracture of the tibial malleolus