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346 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cardi/o
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heart
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chir/o
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hand
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crin/o
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to secrete
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dent/i
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teeth
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dermat/o
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skin
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enter/o
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small intestine
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esthesi/o
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sensation
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gastr/o
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stomach
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gen/o
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origin or production
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ger/o
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old age
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gynec/o
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woman
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hemat/o
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blood
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immun/o
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safe
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laryng/o
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voicebox
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nephr/o
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kidney
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neur/o
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nerve
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obstetr/o
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midwife
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onc/o
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tumor
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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opt/o
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eye
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orth/o
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straight, normal, or correct
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ot/o
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ear
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path/o
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disease
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ped/o
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child or foot
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physi/o
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physical
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plas/o
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formation
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ood/o
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foot
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psych/o
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mind
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radi/o
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x-ray
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vascul/o
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vessel
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H & P
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History & Physical
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Hx
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History
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CC
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Chief Complaint
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c/o
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complains of
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HPI (PI)
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History of Present Illness (Present Illness)
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Sx
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symptom
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PMH (PH)
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Past Medical History (Past History)
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UCHD
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usual childhood diseases
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NKA
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no known allergies
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NKDA
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no known drug allergies
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FH
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Family History
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SH
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Social History
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OH
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Occupational History
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ROS (SR)
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Review of Systems (Systems Review)
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PE (Px)
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Physical Examination
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HEENT
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head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
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NAD
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no acute distress, no appreciable disease
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PERRLA
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pupils equal, round, & reactive to light and accommodation
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WNL
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within normal limits
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Dx
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Diagnosis
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IMP
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Impression
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A
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Assessment
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R/O
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Rule Out
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P
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Plan (also referred to as recommendation disposition)
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POMR
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problem-oriented medical record
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SOAP
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Subjective
Objective Assessment Plan |
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CCU
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coronary (cardiac) care unit
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ECU
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emergency care unit
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ER
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emergency room
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ICU
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intensive care unit
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IP
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inpatient (a registered bed patient)
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OP
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outpatient
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OR
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operating room
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PACU
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postanesthetic care unit
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PAR
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postanesthetic recovery
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post-op/postop
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postoperative (after surgery)
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pre-op/preop
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preoperative (before surgery)
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RTC
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return to clinic
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RTO
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return to office
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BRP
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bathroom privileges
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CP
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chest pain
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DC, D/C
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discharge, discontinue
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ETOH
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ethyl alcohol
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L
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left
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R
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right
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pt
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patient
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RRR
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regular rate & rhythm
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SOB
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shortness of breath
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Tr
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treatment
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Tx
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treatment or traction
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VS
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vital signs
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T
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temperature
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P
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pulse
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R
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respiration
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BP
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blood pressure
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Ht
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height
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Wt
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weight
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WDWN
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well-developed & well-nourished
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y.o.
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year old
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#
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number or pound
#2 = number 2 150# = 150 pounds |
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acute
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sharp; having intense, often severe symptoms & a short course
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chronic
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a condition developing slowly & persisting over time
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benign
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mild or noncancerous
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malignant
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harmful or cancerous
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degeneration
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gradual deterioration of normal cells & body functions
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degenerative disease
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any disease in which there is deterioration of structure or function of tissue
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diagnosis
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determination of the presence of a disease based on an evaluation of symptoms, signs & test findings (results) (dia = through; gnosis = knowing)
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etiology
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cause of a disease (etio = cause)
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exacerbation
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increase in the severity of a disease with aggravation of symptoms (ex = out; acerbo = harsh)
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remission
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a period in which symptoms & signs stop or abate
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febrile
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relating to a fever (elevated temperature)
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gross
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large; visible to the naked eye
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idiopathic
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a condition occurring without a clearly identified cause (idio = one's own)
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localized
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limited to a definite area or part
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systemic
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relating to the whole body rather than only a part
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malaise
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a feeling of unwellness, often the first indication of illness
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marked
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significant
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equivocal
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vague, questionable
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morbidity
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sick; a state of disease
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morbidity rate
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the # of cases of a disease in a given year; the ratio of sick to well individuals in a given population
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mortality
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the state of being subject to death
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mortality rate
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death rate; ratio of total # deaths to total # in a given population
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prognosis
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foreknowledge; prediction of the likely outcome of a disease based on the general health status of the patient along with knowledge of the usual course of the disease
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progressive
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the advance of a condition as signs & symptoms increase in severity
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prophylaxis
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a process of measure that prevents disease (pro = before; phylassein = to guard)
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recurrent
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to occur again; describes a return of symptoms & signs after a period of quiescence (rest or inactivity)
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sequela
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a disorder or condition after, & usually resulting from, a previous disease or injury
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sign
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a mark; objective evidence of disease that can be seen or verified by an examiner
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symptom
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occurrence; subjective evidence of disease that is perceived by the patient & often noted in his or her own words
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syndrome
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a running together; combination of symptoms & signs that give a distinct clinical picture indicating a particular condition or disease
E.g., menopausal syndrome |
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noncontributory
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not involved in bring on the condition or result
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unremarkable
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not significant or worthy of noting
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cc
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cubic centimeter
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cm
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centimeter
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g or gm
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gram
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kg
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kilogram
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L
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liter
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mg
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milligram
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ml, mL
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milliliter
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mm
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millimeter
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cu mm
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cubic millimeter
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fl oz
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fluid ounce
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gr
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grain
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gt
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drop
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gtt
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drops
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dr
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dram
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oz
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ounce
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lb or #
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pound
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qt
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quart
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a.c.
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before meals
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a.m.
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before noon
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b.i.d.
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twice a day
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d
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day
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h
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hour
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h.s.
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@ hour of sleep (bedtime)
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noc.
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night
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p.c.
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after meals
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p.m.
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after noon
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p.r.n.
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as needed
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q
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every
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q d
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every day
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q h
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every hour
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q 2 h
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every 2 hours
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q.i.d.
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four times a day
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q.o.d.
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every other day
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STAT
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immediately
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t.i.d.
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three times a day
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wk
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week
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yr
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year
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AD
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right ear
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AS
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left ear
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AU
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both ears
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ad lib.
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as desired
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amt
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amount
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aq
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water
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B
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bilateral
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C
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Celcius, centigrade
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F
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Fahrenheit
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m
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murmer
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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OD
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right eye
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OS
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left eye
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OU
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both eyes
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per
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by or through
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p.o.
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by mouth
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PR
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through rectum
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PV
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through vagina
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q.n.s.
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quantity not sufficient
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q.s.
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quantity sufficient
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Rx
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recipe; prescription
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Sig:
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label; instruction to the patient
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w.a.
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while awake
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x
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times or for
e.g., x 6 (six times) x 2 d (for 2 days) |
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>
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greater than
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<
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less than
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adip/o
lip/o steat/o |
fat
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derm/o
dermat/o cutane/o |
skin
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erythr/o
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red
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hidr/o
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sweat
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hist/o
histi/o |
tissue
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ichthy/o
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fish
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kerat/o
scler/o |
hard
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leuk/o
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white
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melan/o
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black
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myc/o
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fungus
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onych/o
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nail
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plas/o
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formation
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purpur/o
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purple
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seb/o
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sebum (oil)
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squam/o
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scale
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trich/o
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hair
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xanth/o
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yellow
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xer/o
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dry
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epithelium
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cells covering external & internal surfaces of the body
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epidermis
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thin, cellular outer layer of the skin
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squamous cell layer
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flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis
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basal layer
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deepest region of the epidermis
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melanocyte
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a cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
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melanin
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dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes
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dermis
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dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin (also known as the corium)
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sebaceous glands
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oil glands in the skin
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sebum
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oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glads
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sudoriferous glands
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sweat glands
(sudor = sweat) (ferre = to bear) |
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subcutaneous tissue
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connective & adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
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collagen
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protein substance found in skin & connective tissue
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hair
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outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
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nail
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outgrowth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finder & toe, composed of keratin
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keratin
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hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, & nails
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lesion
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an area of pathologically altered tissue (two types: primary & secondary)
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primary lesions
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lesions arising from previously normal skin
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macule ( macula)
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a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1cm across
E.g., a freckle |
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patch
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a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1cm
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papule
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a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter
E.g., a nevus (mole) |
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plaque
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a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter, limited to he surface of the skin
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nodule
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a solid mass greater than 1 cm, which extends deeper into the epidermis
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tumor
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a solid mass larger than 1-2cm
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wheal
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an area of localized skin edema (swelling)
E.g., a hive |
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vesicle
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little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter
E.g., a fever blister |
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bulla
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a blister larger than 0.5 cm
E.g., a second-degree burn (bulla = bubble) |
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pustule
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a pus-filled sac
E.g., a pimple |
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secondary lesions
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lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
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erosion
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to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding
E.g., area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle |
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ulcer
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an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed & scar & is sometimes accompanied by infection
E.g., decubitus ulcer |
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exorciation
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a scratch mark
E.g., from a cat scratch |
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fissure
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a linear crack in the skin
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scale
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a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
E.g., dandruff |
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crust
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dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin
E.g., in impetigo |
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cicatrix of the skin
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a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue
(cicatrix = scar) |
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keloid
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an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick & irregular (kele = tumor)
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vascular lesions
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lesions of a blood vessel
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cherry angioma
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a small, round, bright-red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
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telangiectasia
spider angioma |
a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck or chest
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purpuric lesions
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purpura; lesions as a results of hemorrages into the skin
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petechia
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spot; a reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendency--small purpura
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ecchymosis
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bruise; a black & blue mark--large purpura (chymo = juice)
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epidermal tumors
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skin tumors arising form the epidermis
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nevus
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a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular--also called a mole
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dysplastic nevus
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a mole with precancerous changes
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verruca
|
an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus--also called a wart
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alopecia
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baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
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comedo
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a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
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closed comedo
(whitehead) |
below the skin surface with a white center
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open comedo
(blackhead) |
open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air
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eruption
|
appearance of a skin lesion
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erythema
|
redness of skin
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pruritus
|
severe itching
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rash
|
a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease
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skin pigmentation
|
skin color due to the presence of melanin
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depigmentation
|
loss of melanin pigment in the skin
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hypopigmentation
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areas of skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin
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hyperpigmentation
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darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin
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suppuration
|
production of purulent matter (pus)
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urticaria
|
hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch
(urtica = stinging nettle) |
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xeroderma
|
dry skin
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acne
|
an inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles of the skin evidenced by the comedones, pustules, or nodules on the skin (acne = point)
|
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albinism
|
a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, & hair)
|
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burn
|
an injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases
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first-degree burn
|
a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema (redness) & hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)
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second-degree burn
|
a burn involving the epidermis & the dermis, characterized, by erythema, hyperesthesia & vesications (blisters)
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third-degree burn
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a burn involving all layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis & dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue
|
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cellulitis
|
an acute inflammation of suncutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin (cellula = small storeroom)
|
|
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dermatitis (eczema)
|
an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritus (itching) & various lesions
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dermatosis
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any disorder of the skin
|
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exanthematous viral disease
|
eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease
(exanthema = eruption) |
|
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rubella
|
reddish; German measles
|
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rubeola
|
reddish 14-day measles
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varicella
|
a tiny spot; chickenpox
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eczema
|
to boil out; the term is often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules & vesicles that crust & scale, often with sensations of itching & burning
|
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furuncle
|
a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle-caused by staphylococcosis
|
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carbuncle
|
a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles
(carbo = small, glowing embers) |
|
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abscess
|
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised (abscessus = a going away)
|
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gangrene
|
an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, & conditions that affect circulation
E.g., diabetes |
|
|
herpes simplex virus
type 1 (HSV-1) |
transient viral vesicles
E.g., cold sores, fever blisters that infect the facial area, especially the mouth & nose (herpes = creeping skin disease) |
|
|
herpes simplex virus
type 2 (HSV-2) |
sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital & anorectal skin & mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root & may recur @ times of stress
|
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herpes zoster
|
a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral-also known as shingles
(zoster = girdle) |
|
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ichthyosis
|
a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin; ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common of the many types
(vulgaris is a Greek word meaning common) |
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impetigo
|
highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture & become crusted-most often occurs around the mouth & nostrils
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keratoses
|
thickened areas of epidermis
|
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actinic keratoses
solar keratoses |
localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; a known precursor to cancer
(actinic = ray; solar = sun) |
|
|
seborrheic keratoses
|
benign wart-like lesions
(seen especially on elderly skin) |
|
|
lupus
|
a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
(lupus =wolf) |
|
|
cutnaeous lupus
|
limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck & scalp
|
|
|
systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) |
a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, & often the vital organs
(E.g., lungs, kidneys) |
|
|
malignant cutaneous neoplasm
|
skin cancer
|
|
|
squamous cell carcinoma
(SCC) |
a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium
|
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basal cell carcinoma
(BCC) |
a malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis
(the most common type of skin cancer) |
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malignant melanoma
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a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes-most develop from a pigmented nevus over time
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Kaposi sarcoma
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a malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to lymph nodes & internal organs
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onychia
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inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
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paronychia
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inflammation of the nail fold
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pediculosis
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infestation with lice that causes itching & dermatitis
(pediculo = louse) |
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pediculosis capitis
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head lice
(capitis = head) |
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pediculosis pubis
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lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axilla, eyebrows, lashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces may also be involved-also called crabs
(pubis = groin) |
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psoriasis
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an itching; a chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin that results from overproduction & thickening of skin cells-elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, & nails are common sites of involvement
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scabies
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a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch-most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbows, etc.
(scabo = to scratch) |
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seborrhea
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a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands
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tinea
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a group of fungal skin diseases indentified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, & tinea pedis (foot), also called athlete's foot
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vitiligo
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a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, & genital areas
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biopsy ( Bx )
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removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
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excisional Bx
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removal of an entire lesion
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incisional Bx
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removal of a selected portion of a lesion
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shave Bx
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a technique using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis & upper dermis
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culture & sensitivity (C&S)
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a technique of isolating & growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen & to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has caused
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frozen section (FS)
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a surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
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skin tests
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methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin-commonly seen in treating allergy
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scratch test
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the substance is applied to the skin through a scratch
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patch test
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the substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth
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chemosurgery
chemical peel |
a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin
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cryosurgery
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destruction of tissue by freezing-involves application of an extremely cold chemical
E.g., liquid nitrogen |
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dermabrasion
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surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes & emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, &/or wrinkles; aerosol spray is used to freeze the skin
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debridement
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removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing & prevent infection
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curettage
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to clean; scraping of a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; this technique is used in debridement
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electrosurgical procedures
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use of electric currents to destroy tissue-the type & strength of the current & method of application varies
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electrocautery
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use of an instrument heated by electric current (cautery) to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue
E.g., to sear a blood vessel |
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electrodesiccation
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use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying-the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion
(desicco = to dry up) |
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fulguration
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to lighten; use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does NOT touch the skin
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incision & drainage
(I&D) |
incision & drainage of an infected skin lesion
E.g., an abscess |
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laser surgery
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surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc.
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laser
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an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concentrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth & diameter; it is applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection (cutting of parts for study)
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Mohs surgery
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a technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue layer by layer until a tumor-free plane is reached
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skin grafting
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transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin lost through burns or injury
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autograft
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transfer to a new position in the body of the same person
(auto = self) |
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homograft
allograft |
donor transfer between individuals of the same species such as human to human
(homo = same; allo = other) |
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xenograft
heterograft |
a graft transfer from one animal species to one of another
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chemotherapy
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treatment of malignancies, infections & other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
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radiation therapy
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treatment of neoplastic disease by using ionizing radiation to deter proliferation of malignant cells
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sclerotherapy
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use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases
E.g., injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in hardening of the tissue within & eventual sloughing away of the lesion |
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ultraviolet therapy
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use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion
E.g., an ulcer |
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anesthetic
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a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to a loss of sensations
E.g., pain |
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antibiotic
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a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
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antifungal
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a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
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antihistamine
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a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body
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histamine
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a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling & inflammation of tissues
E.g., in urticaria (hives), hay fever |
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anti-inflammatory
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a drug that reduces inflammation
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antipruritic
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a drug that relieves itching
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antiseptic
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an agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms
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