Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hypothalamus - Trophic or releasing hormones GHRH, TRH, CRH, GnRH, PRH, MRH, GHIH, PIH, MIH.
|
Hormones that stimulate or inhibit release of pituitary hormones.
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) - Somatotrophin growth hormone (GH).
|
Stimulates growth in all body cells
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)- Thyrotrophin thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
|
stimulates thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) - Corticotrophin adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
|
stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone.
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) - Gonadotrophin follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
|
Development of ovaries and testes; promotes monthly growth of ovarian egg in females and sperm production in males
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)- Gonadotrophin luteinizing hormone (LH)
|
triggers ovulation in females; regulates sex hormone secretion in males
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)- Prolactin (PRL)
|
stimulates production of milk in mammary gland
|
|
|
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
|
produces melanin for skin pigmentation
|
|
|
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin
|
regulates water retention in the body
|
|
|
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)- Oxytocin
|
regulates flow of milk in mammary glands and stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
|
|
|
Thyroid - Thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
|
increase metabolic rate; stimulates growth
|
|
|
Thyroid - Calcitonin
|
regulates blood calcium
|
|
|
Parathyroid - parathyroid hormone (parathormone) (PTH)
|
increases blood calcium; decreases blood phophate
|
|
|
Adrenal cortex - Glucocorticoid hormones, including cortisol, also called hydrocortisone
|
antibody production; response to stress; metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
|
|
|
Adrenal cortex - mineralocorticoid hormones including aldosterone
|
regulates sodium and potassium levels
|
|
|
Adrenal cortex - sex hormones estrogen and testosterone
|
development of secondary female and male characteristics
|
|
|
Adrenal medulla - Catecholamines; epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
|
help body respond to sress
|
|
|
Pineal gland - produces melatonin
|
function unknown in humans
|
|
|
Type 1 Diabetes - IDDM
|
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Juvenile onset
|
|
|
Type 2 Diabetes - NIDM
|
Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Adult onset.
|
|
|
Acromegaly - growth hormone
|
Enlargement of many skeletal structures, particularly the extremities, nose, forehead, and jaw.
|
|
|
Adenohypophysis
|
Anterior pituitary gland
|
|
|
Adenoma
|
Tumor of a gland, cause of a gland hypersecreting
|
|
|
Adrenalectomy (above kidneys)
|
Excision of the adrenal glands
|
|
|
Adrenocortical
|
pertaining to the adrenal cortex (corticosteroids produced)
|
|
|
Androgen
|
substance producing male characteristics, example; testosterone
|
|
|
Antidiuretic - posterior pituitary secrets this
|
Pertaining to an agent that prevents the loss of excessive amounts of urine
|
|
|
Endocrine
|
to secrete into the bloodstream
|
|
|
Endorinology
|
branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders
|
|
|
Estrogen
|
Female sex hormones (growth of breast)
|
|
|
Euthyroid
|
normal thyroid gland
|
|
|
Exocrine (ducts)
|
to secrete outwardly onto the skin or onto the surface of an organ
|
|
|
Exophthalmia; exophthalmos
|
abnormal protrusion of the eye
|
|
|
Glucogenesis
|
production of sugar
|
|
|
Gluconeogenesis
|
production of sugar from fats and proteins
|
|
|
Glycogenesis
|
production of glycogen
|
|
|
Gonadotrophic; gonadotropic
|
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete their own hormones
|
|
|
Gynecomastia
|
Abnormal enlargement of male breast (too much estrogen in system)
|
|
|
Hypergonadism
|
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of gonadal hormones
|
|
|
Hyperinsulinism
|
condition characterized by excessive secretion of insulin
|
|
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
condition characterzied by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone
|
|
|
Hyperpituitarism
|
condition characterized by excessive secretion of pituitary hormones
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism
|
condition characterized by excessive scretion of the thyroid hormone
|
|
|
Hypocalcemia
|
deficient amounts of calcium in the blood (muscle cramps)
|
|
|
Hypokalemia
|
deficient amounts of potassium in the blood
|
|
|
Hyponatremia
|
deficient amounts of sodium in the blood
|
|
|
Hypophysectomy
|
excision of the pituitary gland
|
|
|
Hypothyroidism
|
condition characterized by a deficient secretion of thyroid hormones
|
|
|
Ketoacidosis
|
accumulation of ketones in the body
|
|
|
Lactogenic
|
pertaning to production of milk
|
|
|
Oxytocin
|
pituitary hormone that quickens childbirth
|
|
|
Pancreatic
|
pertaining to the pancreas (which produces insulin)
|
|
|
Panhypopituitarism
|
condition characterized by a deficiency of all pituitary hormones
|
|
|
Polydipsia
|
excessive thirst
|
|
|
Polyuria
|
excessive urination
|
|
|
Diabetic retinopathy
|
Eye disease caused by diabetes, damanges eyes
|
|
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
Disease of kidneys caused by diabetes
|
|
|
Somatotrophic hormone; somatotropic hormone
|
pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of body tissues
|
|
|
Thyroiditis
|
inflammation of the thyroid gland
|
|
|
Thyrotomy
|
incision of the thyroid gland
|
|
|
Thyrotrophic hormone
|
pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid to produce its own hormones
|
|
|
Hypophysectomy
|
removal of hypophysis
|
|
|
Lobectomy
|
excision of a lobe of the thyroid gland
|
|
|
Parathyroidectomy
|
excision of the parathyroid gland
|
|
|
Pinealectomy
|
removal of the pineal gland
|
|
|
Thyroidectomy
|
removal of the thyroid gland
|
|
|
ACTH
|
adrenocorticotrophic hormone
|
|
|
ADH
|
antidiuretic hormone (vasopresin)
|
|
|
Ca
|
calcium
|
|
|
CRH
|
corticotrophin-releasing hormone
|
|
|
DI
|
Diabetes insipidus
|
|
|
DKA
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
|
|
FSH
|
follicle-stimulating hormone
|
|
|
GH
|
growth hormone
|
|
|
GHIH
|
growth-hormone-inhibiting hormone
|
|
|
GHRH
|
growth-hormone-releasing hormone
|
|
|
GnRH
|
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
|
|
|
HVA
|
homovanillic acid
|
|
|
LH
|
luteinizing hormone
|
|
|
MEN
|
multiple endocrine neoplasia
|
|
|
MRH
|
melanocyte-releasing hormone
|
|
|
Na
|
sodium
|
|
|
OT
|
Oxytocin
|
|
|
PIH
|
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
|
|
|
PRH
|
prolactin-releasing hormone
|
|
|
PRL
|
prolactin
|
|
|
PTH
|
parathyroid hormone (parathormone)
|
|
|
RIA
|
radioimmunoassay
|
|
|
T3
|
triiodothyronine
|
|
|
T4
|
Thyroxine
|
|
|
TRH
|
thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
|
|
|
TSH
|
thyroid-stimulating hormone
|
|
|
VMA
|
vanillylmandelic acid
|
|
|
Pituitary gland anterior lobe - acromegaly (caused by hypersecretion)
|
widening of bones, particulary the facial features, hands, and feet caused by increased secretion of the growth hormone after the bone has stopped growing
|
|
|
Pituitary gland anterior lobe - giantism (caused by hypersecretion)
|
excessive skeletal growth caused by increased secretion of the growth hormone before growing has stopped and before the epiphyseal plate closes
|
|
|
Pituitary gland anterior lobe - galactorrhea (caused by hypersecretion)
|
increased prolactin, results in production and secretion of milk in women who are not breast feeding an infant; can also occur in men
|
|
|
Pituitary gland posterior lobe - syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) (caused by hypersecretion)
|
increased ADH results in fluid retention and hypoatremia
|
|
|
Thyroid gland - Graves' disease (caused by hypersecretion)
|
characterized by overproduction of thyroid hormone, frequently in association with an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos)
|
|
|
Adrenal glands adrenal cortex - virilism (caused by hypersecretion)
|
preponderance of male characteristics caused by an increase in the secretion of androgens
|
|
|
Adrenal glands adrenal cortex - aldosteronism (caused by hypersecretion)
|
increased secretions of aldosterone characterized by water retention, weakness, paresthesias, and tetany (muscle spasms and cramps)
|
|
|
Adrenal glands adrenal cortex - Cushing's syndrome (caused by hypersecretion)
|
caused by an increase of cortisol secretion; the patient exhibits the following characteristics: obesity, moon facies, atrophy of skin, menstrual problems in females
|
|
|
adrenal medulla - pheochromocytoma (caused by hypersecretion)
|
tumor of teh chormaffic cells of adrenal medulla
|
|
|
parathyroid gland - hyperparathyroidism (caused by hypersecretion)
|
inceased secretion of PTH results in excessive bone loss, which, over time, can lead to pathological fractures or abnormal curvatures of the spine
|
|
|
Pancreas - hyperinsulinism (caused by hypersecretion)
|
Overproduction of insulin can be organic, due to a disease of the pancreas such as a tumor, or it can be functional, where the cause is unknown
|
|
|
Pituitary anterior lobe - dwarfism (caused by hyposecretion)
|
deficiency of growth hormone, resulting in an abnormality small but well-proportioned person
|
|
|
Pituitary anterior lobe - pituitary neoplasms (caused by hyposecretion)
|
pituitary tumors destroy the tissue of the pituitary gland, decreasing the secretion of hormones
|
|
|
Pituitary anterior lobe - necrosis of the pituitary gland following childbirth (caused by hyposecretion)
|
decrease in blood pressure following childbirth results in anoxia followed by necrosis of the pituitary gland
|
|
|
Pituitary posterior lobe - diabetes insipidus (caused by hyposecretion)
|
decrease in antidiuretic hormone resulting in excessive loss of urine accompanied by excessive thirst
|
|
|
Pituitary posterior lobe - uterine inertia (caused by hyposecretion)
|
inability of the uterus to contract during labor
|
|
|
thyroid gland - myxedema (caused by hyposecretion)
|
an acquired condition in adulthood characterized by a slowing of the metabolic rate caused by low amounts of thyroid hormones
|
|
|
thyroid gland - cretinism(caused by hyposecretion)
|
hypothyroidism in infancy or during fetal development, characterized by the slowing of the metabolic rate manifested as reduced activity and infrequent crying and slow mental and physical growth
|
|
|
adrenal glands adrenal cortex - Addison's disease (caused by hyposecretion)
|
results in weakness, tiredness, darkened pigmentation of the skin, hypotension
|
|
|
Parathyroid gland - hypoparathyroidism (caused by hyposecretion)
|
reduced levels of PTH has an effect opposite to hyper parathyroidism; there is decreased bone loss and hypocalcemia and hypocalciuria
|
|
|
Parathyroid gland - tetany (caused by hyposecretion)
|
muscle spasms and cramps
|
|
|
Pancrease - diabetes mellitus (caused by hyposecretion)
|
a defect in carbohydrate metabolism as insulin is unavailable to change excess glucose to glycogen
|
|
|
Thyroid - Hashimoto's thyroiditis (caused by hyper or hyposecretion)
|
chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland with hypothyroidism; affects mostly women
|
|
|
Thyroid - euthyroid goiter (caused by hyper or hyposecretion)
|
enlarged thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency; no evidence of hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Pancreas - multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) (caused by hyper or hyposecretion)
|
genetically based disorder characterized by hyperplasia; and benign and/or malignant growth of several endocrine glands
|
