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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plasma
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liquid portion of the blood and lymph containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, vitamins & cellular components (WBCs, RBCs & platelets)
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serum
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liquid portion of the blood left after the clotting process
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream
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hemoglobin
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protein-iron compound contained in the RBC that has bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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leukocyte
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WBC that protects the body from invasion of harmful substances
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granulocytes
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a grp of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm
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neutrophil
polymorphonuclear lsukocyte (PMN) |
a granule leukocyte that fights infection by swallowing bacteria (phagocytosis)
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band
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an immature neutrophil
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eosinophil
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a granular leukocyte that increases with allergy and some infections
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basophil
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a granular leukocyte that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues
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agranulocytes
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a grp of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei
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lymphocyte
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an agranulocyte that is active in the process of immunity : T cells, B cells, Natural Killer cells & K-type cells.
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monocyte
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an agranulocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection
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platelets
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thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting (coagulation)
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thymus
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the primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum; helps maintain the body's immune response by producing T-cells
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spleen
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the organ that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides the envt for initiation of immune responses by lymphocytes
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lymph
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fluid originating in the organs & tissues of the body that is circulated thru the lymph vessels
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lymph capillaries
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microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
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lymph vessels
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vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it tot the lymph nodes
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lacteals
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specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
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chyle
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a white or pale yellow substance of the lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals
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lymph nodes
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many small oval structures that filter the lymph received from the lymph vessels - major locations: cervical, axillary and inguinal
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lymph ducts
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collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
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right lymphatic duct
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receives lymph from the upper-right part of the body
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thoracic duct
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receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm & lower extremities
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antigen
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a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it
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antibody
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a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
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immunoglobulins (Ig)
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protein antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes that protect the body from invasion of foreign pathogens; include IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, & IgM.
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immunity
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process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
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active immunity
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an immunity that protects the body against a future infection, as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting an infection or artificially after adm of a vaccine
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passive immunity
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an immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally trhu the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
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microcytosis
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the presence of sm RBCs
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macrocytosis
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the presence of large RBCs
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anisocytosis
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the presence of RBCs of unequal size
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poikilocytosis
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the presence of large, irregularly shaped RBCs
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reticulocytosis
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an increase of immature RBCs in the blood
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erythropenia
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an abnormally reduced number of RBCs
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lymphocytopenia
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an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
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neutropenia
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an abnormally reduced number of neutrophils
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pancytopenia
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an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
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hemolysis
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breakdown of the RBC membrane
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immunocompromised
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impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppresive agents
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immunosuppression
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impaired ability to provide an immune response
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lymphadenopathy
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the presence of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of the spleen
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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HIV syndrome that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting infections, malignancies, & neuro diseases
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anemia
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a condition in which there is a reduction in the no of RBCs, the amt of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed RBCs in the blood reducing RBC ability to carry oxygen
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aplastic anemia
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failure of the bone marrow to produce RBCs
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iron deficiency anemia
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lack of iron with small RBCs with low amts of hemoglobin
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pernicious anemia
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caused by an inadequate supply of vit B12 causing RBCs to become large, varied in shape, & reduced in number
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autoimmune disease
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any disorder char'd by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function
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erythroblastosis fetalis
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a disorder that results from the incompatibility of an Rh+ fetus & Rh- mom, causing RBC destruction in the fetus; requires blood transfusion for fetus
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Rh factor
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the presence or lack of antigens on the surface of RBCs
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Rh+
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the presence of antigens on the surface of RBCs
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Rh-
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the lack of antigens on the surface of RBCs
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hemochromatosis
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hereditary disorder that results in an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
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hemophilia
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a grp of hereditary disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors nec for the coagulation of blood
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leukemia
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a chronic/acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal WBCs in the blood & bone marrow
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myelodysplasia
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a disorder w/in bone marrow char'd by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells
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lymphoma
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any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usu malignant
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metastasis
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the process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs
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mononucleosis
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a condition caused by Epstein-Barr virus char'd by increase in mononuclear cells in the blood & enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue & sore throat
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polycythemia
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an increase in the number of RBCs & hemoglobin in the blood
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septicemia
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a systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms & their toxins in the circulating blood
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thrombocytopenia
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a bleeding disorder char'd by an abnormal decrease in the no of platelets in the blood, which impairs the clotting process
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blood chemistry
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a test of the fluid portion of the blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent (glucose, cholestrol, etc)
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blood chemistry panels
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specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood
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basic metabolic panel
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battery of blood tests used a general screen for disease: Ca,CO2,Cl,creatinine, glucose,K,Na, & blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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comprehensive metabolic panel
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blood tests in addition to basic for expanded screening purposes: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, ALT, & AST
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blood culture
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a test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an env that encourages the growth of microorganisms
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CD4 cell count
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a measure of the no of CD4 cells (Tcells) in the blood; monitors the course of HIV & AIDS
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complete blood count (CBC)
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most common blood test: WBC, RBC, Hemoglobin HGB, hematocrit HCT
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hematocrit ( HCT or Hct)
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a measurement of the percentage of packed RBCs in a given volume of blood
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blood indices
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calculations of RBC, HGB & HCT results to determine avg size, HGB concentration & content of RBC for anemia classification
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differential count
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the % of each type of WBC
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platelet count
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the no of thrombocytes in the blood; normal is 150-450K/cu mm
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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a timed test to measure the rate at which RBCs settle or fall thru a given volume of plasma
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partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
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a test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
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thromboplastin
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a substance present in tissues, platelets, & leukocytes nec for coagulation
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prothrombin time (PT)
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a test to measure the activity of prothrombin in the blood
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prothrombin
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a protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
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venipuncture
phlebotomy |
an incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
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bone marrow aspiration
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a needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological exam
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bone marrow biopsy
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a pathological exam of bone marrow tissue
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lymphangiogram
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an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel take after injection of a contrast medium
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bone marrow transplant
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the transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production
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lymphadenectomy
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the removal of a lymph node
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lymphadenotomy
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an incision into a lymph node
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lymph node dissection
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the removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological exam
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splenectomy
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the removal of the spleen
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thymectomy
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the removal of the thymus gland
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blood transfusion
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the introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
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autologous blood
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blood donated by, & stored for, a patient for future personal use
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homologous blood
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blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
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blood component therapy
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the transfusion of specific blood components such as packed RBCs, platelets, & plasma
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crossmatching
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a method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
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chemotherapy
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the treatment of malignancies, infections, & other diseases w chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
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immunotherapy
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the use of biological agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms
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plasmapheresis
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the removal of plasma from the body w separation & extraction of specific elements followed by reinfusion
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blast/o
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germ or bud
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-blast
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germ or bud
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chrom/o
chromato/ |
color
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chyl/o
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juice
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lymph/o
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clear fluid
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reticul/o
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a net
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splen/o
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spleen
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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