Medical Terminology B-C

Front 1

bactericidal

Back 1

pertaining to an agent that destroys bacteria

Front 2

bacteriostatic

Back 2

pertaining to an agent that inhibits bacterial growth

Front 3

bacterium

Back 3

type of one-celled organism whose genetic material is not organized within a nucleus

Front 4

balanitis

Back 4

inflammation of the penis

Front 5

bariatric surgery

Back 5

surgery on part of the gastrointestinal tract for obesity

Front 6

barium

Back 6

substance used as a radiopaque (x-rays cannot pass through it) contrast medium for x-ray examination of the digestive tract

Front 7

barium enema

Back 7

x-ray study of the lower digestive tract performed by instilling a solution of barium into the rectum, which highlights structures seen on the x-ray images.

Front 8

barium swallow

Back 8

X-ray study of the upper digestive tract performed by having the patient swallow a solution of barium, which highlights structures seen on the x-ray images.

Front 9

benign

Back 9

not cancerous; a tumor that does not spread and is limited in growth

Front 10

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 10

nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland. also called benign protatic hypertrophy

Front 11

benzodiazepine

Back 11

drug used to relieve anxiety, relax muscles, and produce sedation

Front 12

beta blocker

Back 12

drug that is used for the treatment of high blood pressure, chest pain, and abnormal rhythms of the heart

Front 13

bilateral

Back 13

pertaining to two sides

Front 14

bile

Back 14

a yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver. It breaks up large fat globules and helps in the digestion of fats.

Front 15

bile duct

Back 15

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine

Front 16

bilirubin

Back 16

a red blood cell pigment extracted with bile from the liver into the intestine

Front 17

biology

Back 17

study of life

Front 18

biopsy

Back 18

removing living tissue for subsequent viewing under a microscope or other laboratory studies

Front 19

bone

Back 19

hard, rigid type of connective tissue that makes up most of the skeleton. composed of calcium salts

Front 20

bone marrow

Back 20

soft, sponge-like material in the inner part of bones. blood cells are made in the bone marrow

Front 21

bradycardia

Back 21

slow heartbeat

Front 22

brain

Back 22

organ in the head that controls the activities of the body

Front 23

breast

Back 23

one of the glandular organs in front of the chest. produce milk after childbirth

Front 24

bronchial tube

Back 24

one of the tubes that carry air from the windpipe to the lungs

Front 25

bronchiole

Back 25

small bronchial tube

Front 26

bronchiolitis

Back 26

inflammation of bronchial tubes

Front 27

bronchoscope

Back 27

instrument used to visually examine bronchial tubes

Front 28

bronchoscopy

Back 28

visual examination of bronchial tubes by passing an endoscope through the trachea into the bronchi

Front 29

bursa

Back 29

sac of fluis near a joint

Front 30

bursitis

Back 30

inflammation of a bursa

Front 31

calcaneus

Back 31

heel bone

Front 32

calcification

Back 32

accumulation of calcium salts in tissues

Front 33

calcium channer blocker

Back 33

drug that dilates arteries by inhibiting the flow of calcium into muscle cells that line arteries. used to treat hypertension and angina

Front 34

calculus

Back 34

stone

Front 35

callus

Back 35

bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of a fractured bone. also, a painless thickening of skin cells in areas of external pressure or friction

Front 36

capillary

Back 36

smallest blood vessel

Front 37

carbon dioxide

Back 37

odorless, colorless gas formed in tissues and eliminated by the lungs

Front 38

carcinoma

Back 38

cancerous tumor. form from epithelial cells, which line the internal organs and cover the outside of the body

Front 39

cardiac

Back 39

pertaining to the heart

Front 40

cardiologist

Back 40

physician specializing in the study of the heart and heart disease

Front 41

cardiology

Back 41

study of the heart

Front 42

cardiomegaly

Back 42

enlargement of the heart

Front 43

cardiomyopathy

Back 43

disease of heart muscle

Front 44

cardiovascular surgeon

Back 44

specialist in operating on the heart and blood vessels

Front 45

cardioversion

Back 45

brief discharges of electricity passing across the chest to stop defibrillation

Front 46

carpals

Back 46

wrist bones

Front 47

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 47

group of symptoms resulting from compression of the median nerve in the wrist.

Front 48

cartilage

Back 48

flexible, fibrous connective tissue found as a part of the nose, ears, voice box and windpipe, and chiefly attached to bones and joints

Front 49

cataract

Back 49

clouding of the lens of the eye

Front 50

cathartic

Back 50

pertaining to a substance that causes the release of feces from the large intestine

Front 51

CAT scan

Back 51

computerized axial tomography

Front 52

caudal

Back 52

pertaining to the tail or the lower porion of the body

Front 53

cell

Back 53

smallest unit or part of an organism

Front 54

cellulitis

Back 54

inflammation of soft tissue under the skin; it is marked by swelling, rednedd, and pain and is caused by bacterial infection

Front 55

cephalgia

Back 55

headache

Front 56

cephalic

Back 56

pertaining to the head

Front 57

cephalosporin

Back 57

antibiotic similar to penicillin and used to treat infections of the respiratory tract, ear, urinary tract, bones, and blood

Front 58

cerebellar

Back 58

pertaining to the cerebellum

Front 59

cerebellum

Back 59

lower, back part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement and balance

Front 60

cerebral

Back 60

pertaining to the cerebrum

Front 61

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 61

fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Front 62

cerebrovascular accident

Back 62

disorder of blood vessels within the cerebrum resulting from inadequate blood supply to the brain

Front 63

cerebrum

Back 63

largest part of the brain. controls thought processes, hearing, speech, vision, and body movements

Front 64

cervical

Back 64

pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus

Front 65

cervical region

Back 65

seven backbones in the area of the neck

Front 66

cervical vertebra

Back 66

backbone in the neck

Front 67

cervix

Back 67

loxer, neck-like portion of the uterus opening into the vagina

Front 68

cesarean section

Back 68

incision of the uterus to remove the fetus at birth

Front 69

chlamydial infection

Back 69

a bacterial infection commonly transmitted by sexual contact

Front 70

chemotherapy

Back 70

treatment with drugs, often used to treat cancer

Front 71

cholecystectomy

Back 71

removal of the gallbladder

Front 72

choledochoduodenostomy

Back 72

new surgical attachment of the common bile duct to the duodenum

Front 73

choldochotomy

Back 73

incision of the comon bile duct

Front 74

cholelithiasis

Back 74

abnormal condition of the gallstones

Front 75

cholesterol

Back 75

fatty substance made in the liver and found in the bloodstream

Front 76

chondroma

Back 76

benign tumor of cartilage

Front 77

chondrosarcoma

Back 77

malignant tumor of cartilage

Front 78

chronic

Back 78

lasting a long time

Front 79

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 79

chronic limitation in airflow into and out of the body; includes chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema

Front 80

circulatory system

Back 80

organs that carry blood throughout the body

Front 81

cirrhosis

Back 81

liver disease with deterioration of the liver cells

Front 82

clavicle

Back 82

collarbone

Front 83

clinical

Back 83

pertaining to the bedside or clinic; involving patient care

Front 84

coccygeal region

Back 84

four fused bones at the base of the spinal column

Front 85

coccyx

Back 85

tailbone

Front 86

colectomy

Back 86

removal of the colon

Front 87

colitis

Back 87

inflammation of the colon

Front 88

colocolostomy

Back 88

new surgical connection between two previously unconnected portions of the colon

Front 89

colon

Back 89

large intestine

Front 90

colonic polyposis

Back 90

condition of growths or masses protruding from the mucous membrane lining the colon

Front 91

colonoscopy

Back 91

visual examination of the colon

Front 92

colorectal surgeon

Back 92

physician specializing in operating on the colon and rectum

Front 93

colostomy

Back 93

opening of the colon to the outside of the body

Front 94

colposcopy

Back 94

visual examination of the vagina and cervix

Front 95

computed tomography scan

Back 95

x-ray images taken to show the body in cross-sectional views

Front 96

concussion

Back 96

loss of consciousness resulting from a blow to the head

Front 97

congestive heart failure

Back 97

condition in which the hear is unable to pump its required amount of blood, resulting in inadequate oxygen supply to body cells

Front 98

conization

Back 98

removal of a wedge-shaped piece of issue from the cervix in the diagnosis and treatment of early cancer of the cervix

Front 99

conjunctiva

Back 99

thin protective membrane over the front of the eye and attached to the eyelids

Front 100

conjunctivitis

Back 100

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Front 101

connective tissue

Back 101

fibrous tissue that supports and connects internal organs, bones, and walls of blood vessels

Front 102

corium

Back 102

middle layer over the front of the eye. bends light to focus it on the retina

Front 103

coronary

Back 103

pertaining to the heart

Front 104

coronary angiogram

Back 104

x-ray record of blood vessels surrounding the heart

Front 105

coronary arteries

Back 105

blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to the heart muscle

Front 106

cortex

Back 106

outer part of an organ

Front 107

cortisol

Back 107

anti-inflammatory hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

Front 108

costochondritis

Back 108

inflammation of a rib and its cartilage

Front 109

costochondral

Back 109

pertaining to a rib and its cartilage

Front 110

cranial cavity

Back 110

space surrounded by the skull and containing the brain and the outer organs

Front 111

craniotomy

Back 111

incision of the skull

Front 112

cranium

Back 112

skull

Front 113

creatinine

Back 113

nitrogen-containing waste that is removed from the blood by the kidney and excreten in urine

Front 114

crohn disease

Back 114

inflammation of the gi tract marked by bouts of diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever

Front 115

cross section

Back 115

division of an organ or the body into upper and lower portions

Front 116

cryotherapy

Back 116

treatment using cold temperatures

Front 117

cryptorchism

Back 117

undescended testicle

Front 118

cusp

Back 118

ant one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart, also, a sharp projection extending from the surface of a tooth

Front 119

cushing syndrome

Back 119

symptoms produced by an excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Front 120

cyanosis

Back 120

bluish discoloration of the skin due to deficient oxygen in the bloodstream

Front 121

cystitis

Back 121

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Front 122

cystoscope

Back 122

instrument used to view the urinary bladder

Front 123

cystoscopy

Back 123

visual examination of the urinary bladder

Front 124

cytology

Back 124

study of cells