Medical Terminology Apx I

Front 1

Prostat/o

Back 1

Prostate Gland

Front 2

Urethr/o

Back 2

Urethra

Front 3

Vas/o

Back 3

Vas deferens

Front 4

Balan/o

Back 4

Penis

Front 5

Scrot/o

Back 5

Scrotum

Front 6

Orch/o

Orchi/o

Orchid/o

Back 6

Testis

Front 7

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Back 7

Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

Front 8

Cryptorchism

Back 8

Condition of undescended testis. The testis is not in the scrotal sac at birth.

Front 9

Hydrocele

Back 9

Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

Front 10

Prostatic carcinoma

Back 10

Cancer of the prostate gland

Front 11

Sexually transmitted infections

Back 11

These affect both males and females and are

spread by sexual or other genital contact.

Examples are chlamydial infection,

gonorrhea, herpes genitalis, and syphilis.

Front 12

Testicular carcinoma

Back 12

Malignant tumor of the testis. An example is a seminoma

Front 13

Varicocele

Back 13

Enlarged, swollen veins near a testicle.

Front 14

Varic/o

Back 14

swollen veins

Front 15

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

Back 15

Examination of the prostate gland with finger palpation through the rectum

Front 16

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Back 16

Measurement of the amount of PSA in the blood. Higher-than-normal levels are associated with prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer.

Front 17

Semen analysis

Back 17

Measurement of the number, shape, and motility (ability to move) of sperm cells.

Front 18

Orchiopexy

Back 18

Surgical fixation (-PEXY) of an undescended testicle in a young male infant.

Front 19

Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

Back 19

The removal of portions of the prostate gland with an endoscope inserted into the urethra.

Front 20

Photoselective vaporization of the prostate

Back 20

a newer technique that uses a laser to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

Front 21

Vasectomy

Back 21

Procedure in which the vas deferens on each side is cut, a piece is removed, and the free ends are folded and ligated (tied) with sutures. Vasectomy produces sterilization so that sperm are not released with semen.

Front 22

GU

Back 22

Genitourinary

Front 23

spondyl/o

vertebr/o

Back 23

vertebra

Front 24

ten/o

tendin/o

Back 24

Tendon

Front 25

Ankylosing spondylitis

Back 25

Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening (ankylosis) of joints, primarily of the spine and hip.

Front 26

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 26

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Front 27

Gouty arthritis or Gout

Back 27

Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid

Front 28

Muscular dystrophy

Back 28

An inherited disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers

Front 29

Osteoporosis

Back 29

Decrease in bone density and weakening of bone

Front 30

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 30

Chronic inflammation of joints; pain, swelling, and stiffening, especially in the small joints of the hands and feet.

Front 31

Rheumat/o

Back 31

flowing, descriptive of the swelling in joints.

Front 32

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test

Back 32

Test in which a sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 33

Arthrocentesis

Back 33

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint

Front 34

Arthrography

Back 34

X-ray imaging of a joint.

Front 35

Arthroscopy

Back 35

Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope.

Front 36

Bone density test

Back 36

Low-energy x-rays are used to image bones in the spinal column,

pelvis, and wrist to detect areas of bone deficiency

Front 37

Bone scan

Back 37

Procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected intravenously and

its uptake in bones is measured with a special scanning device.

Front 38

Calcium level

Back 38

Measurement of the amount of calcium in a sample of blood (serum).

This test is important in evaluating diseases of bone.

Front 39

Electromyography (EMG)

Back 39

Recording of the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

Front 40

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Back 40

Measurement of the rate at which red

blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube.

Front 41

Muscle biopsy

Back 41

The removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination.

Front 42

Uric acid test

Back 42

Measurement of the amount of uric acid in a sample of blood. High uric acid levels are associated with gouty arthritis

Front 43

Arthroplasty

Back 43

Surgical repair of a joint

Front 44

Endoscopic diskectomy

Back 44

Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk with an endoscope

Front 45

Laminectomy

Back 45

Surgical removal of a portion of a vertebra to allow visualization and removal of a portion of a protruding disk

Front 46

Microscopic diskectomy

Back 46

Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk with an incision that is 1 to 2 inches long and visualization of the surgical field with an operating microscope

Front 47

Vertebroplasty

Back 47

Surgical repair of vertebrae

Front 48

ACL

Back 48

Anterior cruciate ligament (of the knee)

Front 49

ANA

Back 49

Antinuclear antibody

Front 50

C1-C7

Back 50

Cervical vertebrae

Front 51

DOMS

Back 51

Delayed-onset muscle soreness

Front 52

EMG

Back 52

Electromyography

Front 53

ESR

Back 53

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Front 54

Ortho

Back 54

Orthopedics

Front 55

ROM

Back 55

Range of motion

Front 56

Alzheimer disease

Back 56

Brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity (dementia)

Front 57

Cerebrovascular accident

Back 57

Damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of blood supply to brain tissue; a stroke

Front 58

Concussion

Back 58

Blunt injury to the brain severe enough to cause loss of consciousness

Front 59

Epilepsy

Back 59

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Front 60

Glioblastoma

Back 60

Malignant brain tumor arising from glial cells

Front 61

Hemiplegia

Back 61

Paralysis that affects the right or the left half of the body

Front 62

Meningitis

Back 62

Inflammation of the meninges (membranes surrounding the brain and

spinal cord)

Front 63

Multiple sclerosis

Back 63

Destruction of the myelin sheath on nerve cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), with replacement by plaques of sclerotic

(hard) tissue.

Front 64

Paraplegia

Back 64

Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body

Front 65

Syncope

Back 65

Fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of

inadequate flow of blood to the brain.

Front 66

Cerebral angiography

Back 66

X-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the injection of contrast material into an artery.

Front 67

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Back 67

Chemical tests (for sodium, chloride, protein, and glucose), cell counts, cultures, and bacterial smears on samples of CSF to detect diseases of the brain or meninges.

Front 68

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 68

Cross-sectional x-ray images of the brain and spinal cord (with and without contrast)

Front 69

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Back 69

Recording of the electrical activity within the brain

Front 70

Lumbar puncture (LP)

Back 70

Pressure of CSF is measured and contrast may be injected for imaging (myelography) after removal of CSF from a space between the lumbar vertebrae

Front 71

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 71

Magnetic waves and radiofrequency waves are used to create images of the brain and spinal cord

Front 72

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Back 72

Uptake of radioactive material into the brain shows how the brain uses glucose and gives information about brain function

Front 73

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Back 73

Placement in the skull of a stereotactic instrument that locates a target (such as a tumor) in the brain. Then a high-energy radiation beam (Gamma Knife) is delivered to that precise target to destroy the tissue.

Front 74

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Back 74

A battery-powered device delivers stimulation to nerves to relieve acute and chronic pain

Front 75

CVA

Back 75

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Front 76

EEG

Back 76

Electroencephalography

Front 77

TIA

Back 77

Transient ischemic attack

Front 78

adenoid/o

Back 78

Adenoids

Front 79

epiglott/o

Back 79

Epiglottis

Front 80

alveol/o

Back 80

Alveoli or air sacs

Front 81

bronchiol/o

Back 81

bronchiole

Front 82

cyan/o

Back 82

blue

Front 83

phren/o

Back 83

diaphragm

Front 84

Asphyxia

Back 84

Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with increase of carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness or death

Front 85

Asthma

Back 85

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction

Front 86

Atelectasis

Back 86

Collapsed lung

Front 87

Emphysema

Back 87

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. Along with chronic bronchitis and asthma, emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease

Front 88

Hemoptysis

Back 88

Spitting up of blood.

Front 89

Hemothorax

Back 89

Blood in the pleural cavity (space between the pleural membranes)

Front 90

Pneumoconiosis

Back 90

Abnormal condition of dust (CONI/O) in the lungs

Front 91

Pneumonia

Back 91

Inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Front 92

Tuberculosis

Back 92

An infectious disease caused by bacteria (bacilli)

Front 93

Bronchoscopy

Back 93

Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope

Front 94

Chest x-ray film

Back 94

X-ray image of the chest in an AP (anteroposterior), PA (posteroanterior), or lateral (side) view

Front 95

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 95

Cross-sectional x-ray images of the chest

Front 96

Laryngoscopy

Back 96

Visual examination of the larynx via the placement of a flexible tube

(laryngoscope) through the nose or mouth and into the larynx

Front 97

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 97

Magnetic waves and radiofrequency waves

create images of the chest in three planes of the body

Front 98

Pulmonary angiography

Back 98

X-ray images are taken of the blood vessels in the lung after the injection of contrast material into a blood vessel. A blockage, such as a

pulmonary embolism, can be located with this procedure.

Front 99

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 99

Measurement of the ventilation (breathing

capability) of the lungs. A spirometer measures the air taken into and breathed out

of the lungs.

Front 100

Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans

Back 100

Procedures that show air flow (ventilation)

and blood supply (perfusion) to the lungs via the distribution of radioactive material in the lung tissue after the radioactive material is intravenously injected or is inhaled.

Front 101

Sputum test

Back 101

A patient expels sputum by coughing and the sputum is analyzed for bacterial content

Front 102

Tuberculin test

Back 102

Agents are applied to the skin with punctures or injection and the reaction is noted. Redness and swelling result in people sensitive to the test substance and indicate previous or current infection with tuberculosis.

Front 103

Endotracheal intubation

Back 103

A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway during surgery and for placement on a respirator (a machine that moves air into and out of the lungs)

Front 104

Thoracentesis

Back 104

A needle is inserted through the skin between the ribs and into the pleural space to drain a pleural effusion

Front 105

Thoracotomy

Back 105

Incision of the chest to remove a lung (pneumonectomy) or a portion of a lung (lobectomy)

Front 106

Tracheostomy

Back 106

Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway.

Front 107

ABG

Back 107

Arterial blood gas

Front 108

ARDS

Back 108

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 109

C-PAP

Back 109

Continuous positive airway pressure

Front 110

PE

Back 110

Pulmonary embolism (blockage of vessels in the lung by a blood clot)

Front 111

PEEP

Back 111

Positive end-expiratory pressure (method of mechanical ventilation)

Front 112

phak/o

Back 112

Lens

Front 113

myring/o, tympan/o

Back 113

Eardrum

Front 114

aur/o, ot/o

Back 114

Ear

Front 115

cutane/o

derm/o

dermat/o

Back 115

Skin

Front 116

onych/o

ungu/o

Back 116

Nail

Front 117

Alopecia

Back 117

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows; baldness.

Front 118

Cataract

Back 118

Clouding (opacity) of the lens of the eye, causing impairment of vision or

blindness.

Front 119

Conjunctivitis

Back 119

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

Front 120

Glaucoma

Back 120

Increase in pressure (fluid accumulation) within the chamber at the front of the eye

Front 121

Melanoma

Back 121

Malignant tumor of pigmented cells (MELAN/O means black) that arises from a nevus (mole) in the skin

Front 122

Nevus

Back 122

Pigmented lesion in or on the skin; a mole.

Front 123

Stye (sty)

Back 123

Pus-filled (purulent) infection of glands near the eyelid (most often caused

by bacteria)

Front 124

Tinnitus

Back 124

Abnormal noise (ringing, buzzing, roaring) sound in the ears

Front 125

Allergy test

Back 125

Procedure in which allergy-causing substances are placed on the skin and a reaction is noted. In the patch test, a patch with a suspected allergen is placed on the skin. The scratch test involves making several scratches and inserting a small amount of allergen in the scratches.

Front 126

Bacterial and fungal tests

Back 126

Procedures in which samples from skin lesions are taken to determine the presence of bacterial infection or fungal growth.

Front 127

Fluorescein angiography

Back 127

Fluorescein (a contrast substance) is injected intravenously and the movement of blood is observed by ophthalmoscopy. It is used to detect diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy and also degeneration of the macular (central) area of the retina.

Front 128

Ophthalmoscopy

Back 128

Visual examination of the interior of the eye.

Front 129

Otoscopy

Back 129

Visual examination of the ear (to the eardrum)

Front 130

Skin biopsy

Back 130

Procedure in which samples of skin lesions are removed and sent to the

pathology laboratory for microscopic examination.

Front 131

Slit-lamp microscopy

Back 131

Examination of the anterior eye structures (such as the cornea) using an instrument that projects intense light through a narrow opening for

optimal visualization

Front 132

Tuning fork tests

Back 132

Procedure in which a vibration source (tuning fork) is placed in

front of the opening to the ear to test air conduction of sound waves. The tuning fork is also placed on the mastoid bone behind the ear to test bone conduction of sound waves.

Front 133

PERRLA

Back 133

Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

Front 134

HEENT

Back 134

Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

Front 135

VA

Back 135

Visual activity

Front 136

VF

Back 136

Visual field

Front 137

cyst/o

vesic/o

Back 137

Urinary bladder

Front 138

pyel/o

Back 138

Renal Pelvis

Front 139

Albuminuria

Back 139

Abnormal condition of protein (albumin) in the urine

Front 140

Anuria

Back 140

Abnormal condition of no urine production

Front 141

Dysuria

Back 141

Painful urination.

Front 142

Glycosuria

Back 142

Abnormal condition of glucose in the urine

Front 143

Hematuria

Back 143

Abnormal condition of blood in the urine.

Front 144

Nephrolithiasis

Back 144

Abnormal condition of stones in the kidney.

Front 145

Renal failure

Back 145

Condition in which the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce

urine.

Front 146

Uremia

Back 146

Condition of high levels of urea (nitrogenous waste material) in the blood.

Front 147

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 147

Measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood.

Front 148

Cystoscopy

Back 148

Visual examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope (endoscope).

Front 149

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

Back 149

X-ray images of the kidneys and urinary tract

made without the use of contrast material.

Front 150

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Back 150

Contrast material is injected through a catheter (a flexible, tubular instrument) into the urethra and bladder, and x-ray films are taken of the urethra, bladder, and ureters.

Front 151

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Back 151

X-ray films of the bladder and urethra taken after the bladder is filled with a contrast material and while the patient is expelling urine. Also called cystogram.

Front 152

Urography

Back 152

X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material; pyelography.

Front 153

Dialysis

Back 153

Waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) are separated from the blood by a machine (hemodialysis). Alternatively, a peritoneal catheter (a flexible, tubular instrument) delivers a special fluid into the abdominal cavity, and then the fluid, which now contains waste materials that have seeped from the blood into it, is drained (peritoneal dialysis).

Front 154

Lithotripsy

Back 154

Shock waves are beamed into a patient to crush urinary tract stones. The stone fragments then pass out of the body with urine. Also called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Front 155

Renal transplantation

Back 155

A donor kidney is transferred to a recipient.

Front 156

Urinary catheterization

Back 156

A catheter (a flexible tubular instrument) is passed through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for short-term or long-term

drainage of urine.

Front 157

HD

Back 157

Hemodialysis

Front 158

KUB

Back 158

Kidneys, ureters, bladder (series of x-ray films made without contrast)

Front 159

RP

Back 159

Retrograde pyelogram

Front 160

UA

Back 160

Urinalysis

Front 161

CAPD

Back 161

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis