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257 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pre-
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before
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post-
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after
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a-
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without or no
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ad-
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towards
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hyper-
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elevated; more than normal
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poly-
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many
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super-
or supra- |
above, beyond, excessive
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dys-
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difficult, painful, or bad
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ab-
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away from
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inter-
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between
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endo-
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within
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ex-
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without, away from
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anti-
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against
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eu-
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good, easy, normal
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-ac
-ar -ous -ic -tic -al -ary -eal -ine |
pertaining to
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-pexy
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suture to stabilize
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-ectomy
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surgical removal
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-tomy
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cutting into, incision
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-lysis
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destruction, breakdown
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-centesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas
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-rrhagia
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bursting forth
(of blood flow) |
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-rrhage
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bursting forth
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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-graphy
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process that records
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-rrhea
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flow, discharge
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-algia
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pain
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-itis
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inflammation
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-sclerosis
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abnormal hardening
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-malacia
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abnormal softening
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-um
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structure
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-pathy
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disease
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-osis
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abnormal condition
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-scopy
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procedure to visually examine
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-ology
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study of
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-penia
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deficiency, reduction in number
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ventral
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belly
underside of a body part |
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dorsal
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back
top of a body part |
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cranial
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toward the head
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caudal
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toward the tail
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rostral
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toward the nose
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cephalic
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pertaining to the head
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deep
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internal
away from the surface |
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superficial
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external
toward the surface |
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palmar
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caudal surface of the manus (front paw)
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plantar
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caudal surface of the pes
(rear paw) |
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lateral
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away from the midline
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brachium
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proximal part of the forelimb
(humerus) |
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sequestrum
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partially or fully detached piece of dead bone that is adjacent to the healthy bone
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ankylosis
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abnormal condition or loss of motility caused by surgery, disease, or injury
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reduction
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attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or dislocation
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arthrocentesis
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surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid
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spondylitis
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inflammation of vertebrae
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chondrosis
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abnormal condition of cartilage
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osteosclerosis
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abnormal hardening of bone
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exostosis
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benign growth on the outside surface of a bone
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arthroscopy
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procedure to visually examine a joint
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arthritis
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inflammation of a joint
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-desis
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binding
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arthrodesis
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fusion of a joint or spinal vertebrae by surgical means
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spondyl/o
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pertaining to the spine or the vertebra
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chondroplasty
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surgical repair of cartilage
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osteolysis
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destruction or breakdown of bone
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luxation
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dislocation
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osteotomy
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surgically cutting into a bone
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crepitation
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cracking sensation that is felt and heard when fractured bones move together
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symphysis
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a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone
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osteomalacia
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abnormal softening of bone
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chondroma
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benign tumor of cartilage
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aponeurosis
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fibrous sheet that gives attachment to muscle fibers; means of insertion for flat muscles
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ataxia
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lack of voluntary muscle control, wobbliness
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hernia
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protrusion of a body party through tissue that would normally contain it
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tetany
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muscle twitches
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adhesion
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band of fibers that hold structures together in an abnormal fashion
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latissimus
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broad muscle
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myoclonus
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muscle spasm
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atonic
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lack of muscle control
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major
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refers to a large part
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minor
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refers to a small part
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-pexy
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suture to stabilize
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-rhexis
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rupture
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myositis
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inflammation of muscle
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myotomy
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surgically cutting into muscle
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osteotomy
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surgically cutting into bone
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myoplasty
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surgical repair of muscle
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chondromegaly
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enlargement of cartilage
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osteolysis
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breakdown of bone
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osteochondritis
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inflammation of cartilage and bone
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chondromalacia
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abnormal softening of cartilage
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arthropathy
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disease of a joint
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periostitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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stomat/o
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mouth
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myectomy
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surgical removal of a muscle
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osteosclerosis
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abnormal hardening of bone
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polyarthritis
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inflammation of many joints
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chondroma
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benign tumor of cartilage
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spondylosis
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abnormal condition of vertebrae
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tendonitis
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inflammation of a tendon
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osteosarcoma
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malignant tumor of bone
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antebrachium
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distal area of the forelimb
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osteomegaly
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enlargement of bone
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myosclerosis
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abnormal hardening of muscle
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sphincter
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a ring-like muscle that constricts an opening
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teres
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cylindrical muscle
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haustra
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sacculations of the large intestine
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taeniae
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longitudinal smooth muscle bands in the cecal wall
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brachgnathia
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shortened / undershot mandible
"parrot mouth" |
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prognathia
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elongated / overshot mandible
"sow mouth" |
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tusks
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permanent canine teeth of pigs
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lophodonts
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animals with teeth that have ridged occlusal surfaces (horses)
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hypsodonts
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animals with continually erupting cheek teeth
(ruminants) |
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brachydont
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animals with permanently rooted teeth
(carnivores) |
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bruxism
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involuntary grinding of the teeth
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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tenesmus
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painful, ineffective defecation
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hydrops
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues or a body cavity
"dropsy" |
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cribbing
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vice of equine in which an object is grasped between the teeth and pressure is applied
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borborygmus
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gas movement in the GI tract that produces a rumbling noise
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scours
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diarrhea in livestock
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atresia
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occlusion or absence of a normal body opening or tubular organ
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fistula
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abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two intestinal organs
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-stomy
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creation of an opening
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hepatomegaly
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enlarged liver
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colitis
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inflammation of the colon
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eviscerate
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removal or exposure of internal organs
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enterectomy
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removal of intestine
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enter/o
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intestine
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emesis
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vomiting
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melena
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black stools containing digested blood
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colic
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abdominal pain
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colotomy
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incision into the colon
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prehension
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grasping of food involving collecting it into the oral cavity
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ileostomy
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surgical creation of an artificial opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall
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labia
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lips
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cheilitis
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inflammation of the lips
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abdominocentesis
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surgical puncture into the abdomen to remove fluid or gas
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intervertebral
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between the vertebrae
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myorrhexis
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rupture of muscle
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gastropexy
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suture to stabilize the stomach
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cholangiohepatitis
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inflammation of the liver and the gall bladder
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chol/e
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pertaining to bile
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angi/o
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blood vessel
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palatoschisis
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abnormal condition of palate; cleft palate
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rumenostomy
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surgical creation of an artificial opening from the rumen to the abdominal wall
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gastroenterology
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study of the stomach and the small intestine
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upper respiratory tract
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nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx
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lower respiratory tract
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trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
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rhinitis
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inflammation of the nose
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stenotic nares
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narrowing nasal passages
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glottis
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vocal apparatus; consists of vocal chords and the space between them
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parynchyma
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functional elements of an organ
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stroma
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framework of an organ
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hypoxia
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inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue despite an adequate blood supply
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sequela
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condition following as a result of a disease
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roaring
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horse condition; laryngeal hemiplegia
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bradypnea
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abnormally slow respiratory rate
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hyperventilation
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abnormal increase in the rate of breathing
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hypocapnia
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a decrease in the carbon dioxide level in the blood
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phlegm
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thick mucus secreted by the respiratory tract
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gastrotomy
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incision into the stomach
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osteology
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study of bone
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myalgia
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muscle pain
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gastorrhexis
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rupture of the stomach
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pneumothorax
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air in the thoracic cavity
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pneumonia / pneumonitis
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inflammation of the lungs
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epistaxis
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nose bleed
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thoracocentesis
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surgical puncture of the thoracic cavity to remove fluid or gas
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effusion
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blood or lymph vessels that leak fluid into surrounding tissues
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bronchitis
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inflammation of the bronchi
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tracheotomy
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incision into the trachea
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pneumonectomy
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surgical removal of lung
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thoracotomy
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incision into the thoracic cavity
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pleurisy
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inflammation of the pleura
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cephalic
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pertaining to the head
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spondylosis
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abnormal condition or disease of vertebra
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coronary arteries
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serve heart with blood
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coronary veins
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remove waste from myocardium
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capillary refill time
(CRT) |
indicator of perfusion (blood flow through tissues) obtained by applying pressure to mucous membranes and seeing how long it takes for color to return
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inotropy
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force of contraction
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holosystolic / pansystolic
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murmurs that occur through out the entire ventricular contraction phase
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cardiac thrill
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vibration felt upon palpation of the chest
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lumen
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opening of a vessel through which fluid flows
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perfusion
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blood flow through tissues
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prophylaxis
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prevention
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ischemia
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deficiency in blood supply
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infarct
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localized necrosis caused by interrupted blood supply
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sphygmomanometer
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instrument that measures blood pressure
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hypercapnia
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increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood
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enterotomy
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incision into the small intestine
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cardiorrhexis
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rupture of the heart
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cardiac tamponade
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compression of the heart due to fluid or blood collection in the pericardial sac
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paroxysm
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sudden convulsion or spasm
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cardiovascular
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pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
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apnea
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suspension (of respiration)
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splen/o
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spleen
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nares
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openings of the respiratory tract to the outside; inspire / expire air
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chondropenia
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deficiency of cartilage
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endocardium
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inner layer of the heart; lines valves and chambers
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afterload
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impedance to ventricular emptying presented by aortic pressure
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encephalomyelitis
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inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
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syncope
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fainting; sudden fall in blood pressure resulting in cerebral anemia and loss of consciousness
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meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges
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ptosis
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prolapse or drooping
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encephalomalacia
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abnormal softening of the brain
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myel/o
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spinal cord
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myeloencephalopathy
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disease of the brain and spinal cord
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craniotomy
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incision into the skull
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cerebellar hypoplasia
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smaller than normal cerebellum; leads to incoordination
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foramen magnum
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opening in the occipital bone in the skull where the spinal cord exits the brain
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discospondylosis
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abnormal condition of the vertebrae and vertebral disks
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paraparesis
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weakness of the lower body
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myoparesis
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weakenss of a muscle
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anesthesia
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loss of sensation
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neurectomy
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surgical removal of nerves
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epidural anesthesia
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injections of anesthetic drugs into the space above the dura mater to cause loss of sensation
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analgesia
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pain relief
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epilepsy
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recurrent seizures of nonsystemic origin or intracranial diseaseq
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hyperesthesia
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excessive sensitivity
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hydrocephalus
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abnormally elevated amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
"water on the brain" |
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oligo-
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few
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myelogram
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record of the spinal cord after injection of contrast material
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supraventricular
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above the ventricles
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polymyositis
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inflammation of multiple muscles
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endotracheal
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within the trachea
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tachycardia
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elevated heart trate
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otitis
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inflammation of the ear
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cholangitis
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inflammation of the bile duct
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nuclear sclerosis
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drying of the eye lens with age
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ungulates
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animals with hooves
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scler/o
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cornea
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scleropathy
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disease of the cornea
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opthalmology
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study of the eye
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entropion
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inversion or turning outward of eyelid
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anisocoria
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condition of unequal pupil size
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myringitis
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inflammation of the eardrum
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vasopressin
|
substance that constricts vessels and increases blood pressure (ADH)
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adrenopathy
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disease of the adrenal glands
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human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCg) |
stimulates uterine secretions after pregnancy
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euthyroidism
|
good and normal thyroid gland function
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dexamethasone suppression test
low or high dose test |
blood analysis for cortisol levels after administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (dexamethasone)
tells if hyperadrenocorticism is pituitary or adrenal dependent |
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hypocalcemia
|
low blood calcium levels
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suprarenal glands
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another name for the adrenal glands
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lute/o
|
yellow
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hypercalcemia
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high blood calcium levels
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glucocorticoids
|
group of corticosteroids that regulate carb / fat / protein metabolism
and resistance to stress and immunologic functioning |
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endocrineopathy
|
disease of the endocrine system
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pheochromocytoma
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tumor of the adrenal medulla; increases epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion
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-tropic
|
having an affinity for;
turning toward |
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acromegaly
|
enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of GH after puberty
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ACTH stim test
|
blood analysis for cortisol levels after adminsitration of synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone
tells if hypoadrenocorticism is pituitary or adrenal dependent |
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steroid
|
substance having a chemical structure of four interlocking rings of carbon
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gonadotropic
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having an affinity for the gonads / sex organs
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aden/o
|
gland
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thym/o
|
thymus gland; located in the cranioventral thoracic cavity, produces thyroid hormone
|
