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181 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a-
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Away from, opposite
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AAA (triple A)
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Abdominal aortic aneurysm
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AACP
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American Academy of Cardiovascular Perfusion
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A-aDO2
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Alveolar arterial oxygen gradient
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ABCP
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American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion
The national body regulating and managing certification (CCP) of perfusion technologists |
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abd
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Abdomen
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ABG
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Arterial blood gas
A collection of pO2, pCO2, pH, BE and HB SaO2 measurements from an arterial blood sample |
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ABO blood group system
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The most important of several systems for classifying human blood used in tranfusion therapy
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ACE
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme
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Acid
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A substance which can donate H+. Large amts are produced in the body as a product of metabolism and to aid digestion. H2CO3 is a volatile acid that can be removed from the body as CO2 by the lungs. Nonvolatile acids such as lactic acid are produced in small amounts by metabolism and are removed by the kidneys. Excess acids are harmful to the body because they increase the [H+] which interferes with the body's normal cellular fxn.
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Acid-base balance
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The maintanance of a normal level of acid and base in the blood and plasma
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Acidemia
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Abnormally high level of acid in the blood, low pH (<7.35)
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Acidosis
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A pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of acid in, or loss of base from the body
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ACLS
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Advanced Cardiac Life Support
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ACT
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Activated Clotting Time
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ACTH
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
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Acute myocardial infarction
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An acute process of myocardial ischemia with sufficient severity and duration to result in permanent myocardial damage
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ADP
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Adenosine diphosphate
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Adventitia
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The outside coat of a tissue or structure
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AF bypass
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Aortofemoral bypass
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Affinity
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The force of attraction holding two elements together, such as hemoglobin's affinity for O2
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A Fib
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Atrial fibrillation
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A Flt
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Atrial flutter
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Agglutination
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The process of blood cells clumping together as a result of antibody interactions
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AI
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Aorticinsufficiency: aortic valvular incompetence: failure of the aortic valve to close during diastole causing back flow into the left ventricle
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AICD
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Automatic internal cardioverter/defibfillator
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AIDS
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; a serious, fatal conditionnin which the immune system is broken down by the HIV virus and does not respond normally to infections
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AIVR
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Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
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A-line
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Arterial line
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Alkalemia
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An arterial blood pH above normal (>7.45) due to abnormally high base to acid ratio in thr blood
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Alkalosis
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A pathologic condition resulting from accumulation of base in, or loss of acid from the body
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Allograft
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Tissue graft from animal of the same species, not same genotype
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Alpha stat
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Ventilation scheme where the total CO2 remains constant as temperature falls and the non-temperature corrected ABG appears normal. So called because it keeps the alpha imidazole moiety of histadine in the alpha charge state. This promotes respiratory alkalosis (about 0.01465 pH units per oC; Rosenthal Correction Factor) in the CPB blood
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Alveoli
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The small, sac-like structural unit of the lung where O2 is exchanged for CO2
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AMP
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Adenosine monophosphate
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AmSECT
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American Society of Extra-Corporeal Technology; the largest professional organization representing perfusion technologies
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Anaphylactic shock
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A severe hypersensitivity rxn to the injection or ingestion of a substance to which the organism has been previously exposed
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Ancrod
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Anticoagulant derived from Malayan pit viper venom, depletes fibrinogen
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Aneurism
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The abnormal dilation or out-pouching of a blood vessel or ventricle
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Anginapectoris
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A clinical syndrome typically characterized by a deep, poorly localized chest or arm discomfort that is reproducibly associated with physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved promptly by rest or sublingual NTG
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Angiographically significant CAD
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CAD is typically judged "significant" at coronary angiography if there us at keast 70 percent diameter stenosis ofone or more major epicardial coronary segments or at least a 50 percent diameter stenosis of the left main coronary artery
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Antegrade
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With the normal direction of flow
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Anti-
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Against, or opposed to
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Antibody
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A compkex molecule produced by specialized cells in response to the presence of an antigen
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Anticoagulant
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Any agent that inhibits coagulation, see: heparin, ancrod, hirudin
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Antigen
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Any substance percieved as foreign by the body that induces antibody production
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Anxiolytic therapy
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Treatment to counteract or diminish anxiety
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A&Ox3
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Alert and orientated to person,
place and time |
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Aorta
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The large single artery arising from the LV carrying blood to the systemic circulation
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Aortic
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Of or pertaining to the aorta
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Aortic atresia
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Small or undeveloped aortic valve
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Aortic valve
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The semilunar valve separating the LV from the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
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Aortotomy
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A surgical incision into the aorta
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Apherisis
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The separation or removal of a blood component or chemical to treat a disease or condition
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aPPT
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Activated partial thromoplastin time
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AR
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Aortic regurgitation, aortic insufficiency (AI)
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ARDS
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Adult respiratory distress syndrome; a disease process where the patient's lung fails to remove sufficient CO2 and provides sufficient O2 during ventilation
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ARF
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Acute renal failure
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Arrhythmia
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Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
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ART
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Arterial
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Arteriole
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A small artery branching off any artery giving rise to the capillary network
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Arteriosclerosis
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The process thickening and loss of elasticity in the walls of the arteries
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Artery
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A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart; arteries usually carry oxygenated blood
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AS
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Aortic valvular stenosis: narrowing of the normal aortic valve causing a pressure drop across the aortic valve during ventricular systole
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ASA
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Aspirin
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ASD
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Atrial septal defect
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ASCVP
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Australasian Society of Cardiovascular Perfusionists, represents all perfusionists in Australia and New Zealand
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ASPVD
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Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease
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ASV
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Autogenous saphenous vein
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ATIII
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Antithrombin III, an albumin cofactor that normally binds free thrombin in the blood, heparin catalyzes the anti-thrombin action of ATIII 1000x normal
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Atherosclerosis
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A form of arteriosclerosis in which atheromas containing cholesterol, lipoid material and lipophages are formed within thr intima and i ner media of large and medium-sized arteries
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ATN
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Acute tubular necrosis: ischemic damage to the tubule cells of the kidney causing renal failure
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ATP
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Adenosine triphosphate
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Atrial
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Of or referring to the atrium or atria
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Atrialization
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Appearing or becoming atrial like
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Atrium
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A chamber affording entrance to another structure or organ
R. atrium the upper right cardiac chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae and delivers blood to the RV L. atrium the upper left cardiac chamber that receives blood from the pulmonary veins and delivers blood to the LV |
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ATS
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Autotransfusion system; an extracorporeal circuit designed to collect a patients shed blood during a surgical procedure and reinfuse the blood back to the patient; blood may be collected by pre-donation, intraoperative salvage or post operative wound drainage
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Autograft
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Tissue graft from self
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Autologous
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Referring to self, or tissue coming from the self
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Autoregulation
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The ability of an organ system to dilate or constrict the arterioles that enter it in order to control the blood flow to the organ to meet its metabolic needs
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AV
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1. Atrioventricular
2. Aortic valve 3. Arterio venous |
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AVA
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Aortic valve area
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AVB
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Atrio-ventricular block
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AV canal
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Atrioventricular canal
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AV node
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Atrioventricular node
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AVG
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Aortic valve gradient
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AVR
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Aortic valve replacement; open heart surgery to replace a diseased aortic valve with a prosthetic, artificial valve
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Base
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a substance capable of accepting or binding a [H+] in a chemical rxn. The bicarbonate ion [HCO3-] is the most important base in the body.
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Base Excess (BE)
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a measurement of the total acid base ratio; the difference between the actual blood buffer concentration and the normal blood buffer concentration; reflects mainly the [HCO3-] in the plasma compaired with the expected [HCO3-]
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BB
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Blood buffer; the sum of all of the plasma and RBC blood buffer systems; bicarbonate, hemoglobin, phosphate and proteins that serve to prevent changes in the pH of the blood
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BBB
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bundle branch block
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Beta Blocker (beta-adrenergic blocking agent)
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a drug that blocks the effect of catecholamines, producing a decrease in heart rate and O2 demand in the myocardium
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bicarbonate [HCO3-]
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the most common base found in the plasma and RBC
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BiVAD
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bi-ventricular assist device; the use of two blood propulsion devices for ECCs to assist the failing R and LVs
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blood volume
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the amt. of blood circulating throughout the body in the vascular system
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Blood Gas (ABG)
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laboratory test that usually includes the pH, pO2, pCO2, total CO2, HCO3-, BE, Hb saturation, HCT, and possibly the K=, Ca++, and Glucose
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BLS
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basic life support
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BMR
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basal metabolic rate
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bohr effect
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the influence of CO2 on the affinity of Hb to bind w/ O2. Increasing the CO2 level decreases the affinity of Hb for O2
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BPG
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bypass graft
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CK
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creatinine kinase
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CMV
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cytomegalovirus
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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cryprecipitate
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the thin white layer obtained from freezing and thawing blood
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CO
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cardiac output
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CHD
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congenital heart disease
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CTICU
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cardiothoracic intensice care unit
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c/o
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complaining of
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CHF
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congestive heart failure
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CVP
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central venous pressure
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Cr
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creatinine
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cx
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circumflex artery
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cholesterol
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chol, a monatomic alcohol found in animal fates and oils, bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, egg yolk, myelin sheaths of nerves, liver, kidneys and adrenal glands, increased blood levels of which are a risk factor for the development of CAD
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coag
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coagulation
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CXR
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chest x-ray
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Cr cl
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creatinine clearance
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coar/Ao
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coarctation of the aorta
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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group of conditions in which the pt. has an expiratory airflow obstruction such as chronic bronchitis or emphysema
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cor
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heart
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coronary
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encircling in the manner of a crown; especially to the arteries of the heart,and by extension, to pathologic involvement of them
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coronary sinus
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the opening into the right atrium to which the veins of the left coronary circulation drain
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coronary artery bypass graft
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vein or artery grafted surgically to permit blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction.
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coronary artery disease (CAD)
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Although a number of disease processes other than atherosclerosis can involve coronary arteries, in this guideline the term CAD refers to the atherosclerotic narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries.
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coronary thrombus
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blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel of the heart
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coronary stenosis
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narrowing or constriction of any arteries, orifices or chambers leading into or from the heart
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C/P
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cardiopulmonary
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CPB
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cardiopulmonary bypass
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CPK
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creatine phosphokinase
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CRF
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chronic renal failure
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CRI
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chronic renal insufficiency
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cross-matching
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the mixing of a donor's blood with a potential recepient's blood to test for compatibility
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BPM
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beats per minute
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bronchioles/ bronchi
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the tubes or airways for the lungs that lead from the trachea to the alveoli
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BSA
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body surface area (usually in square meters)
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BSBE
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breath sounds bilateral and equal
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BTBV
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beat to beat variability
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BT Shunt
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Blalock-Taussig Shunt
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BQ
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blood flow
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Buffer
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a chemical system that prevents change in concentration of another chemical
substance; a substance which acts in a solution to resist any change in pH of the solution when acid or base is added; the combination strong acid and a week conjugate base. Percentage of Buffers in Whole Blood Hemoglobin & Oxyhemoglobin35% Phosphate 5% Plasma Proteins 7% Total non-bicarbonate -47% Plasma Bicarbonate35% RBC Bicarbonate18% Total bicarbonate -53% TOTAL BUFFER100% |
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BUN
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blood urea nitrogen
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bundle branch block
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An ECG change characterized by an intraventricular conduction delay affecting
the left ventricular wall and septum. Acute occurrences most commonly result from myocardial ischemia. |
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BVH
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biventricular hypertrophy
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CABG
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coronary artery bypass graft
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CABRI
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coronary artery by[ass revascularization investigation
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CAD
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coronary artery disease
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calcium channel blocker
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drug that blocks entry of calcium into cells and inhibits the contractility of smooth muscle, resulting in dilation of blood vessels and reduction in blood pressure
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cannula(e)
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tubes or catheters placed in the great vessels or cardiac chambers to allow decompression or selective propulsion of blood flow to the structure or vessel
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capillaries
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the smallest blood vessels in the body that connect arterioles and venules
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CO2--carbon dioxide
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a colorless, odorless nonflammable produced in respiration, and given off by the tissue to the blood
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carbonic acid H2CO3-
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an weak acid resulting from the reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3 which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-
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carbonic anhydrase
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an enzyme found primarily in the kidney and red blood cells that accelerates the reversible reaction of H20 and CO2 to form H2CO3-
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cardiac
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of, or referring to the heart
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cardiac mortality
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death due to cardiac cause
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cardiac catheterization
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passage of a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel leading to the
heart for the purpose of measuring intracardiac pressure abnormalities, obtaining cardiac blood samples, and/or imaging cardiac structures by injection of radio-opaque dye |
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cardiac output
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the volume of blood displaced by the left ventricle over one minute
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cardiac index
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cardiac output normalized to body surface area or body weight
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cardiogenic shock
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failure to maintain blood supply to the tissues because of inadequate cardiac
output, such as may be caused in myocardial infarction |
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cardiomegaly
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hypertrophy of the heart
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cardiomyopathy
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a general diagnostic term designating primary myocardial disease
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cardioplegia
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1. interruption of myocardial contraction, as by use of chemical compounds or
cold in cardiac surgery 2. a solution infused into the heart to interrupt myocardial contraction |
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cardiopulmonary
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pertaining to the heart and lungs
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cardiopulmonary bypass
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use of an extracorporeal circuit to circulate blood around the heart and lungs
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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an emergency measure to maintain a person's breathing and heartbeat when they
have stopped as a result of myocardial infarction, trauma, or other disorder. |
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cardiotomy
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1. surgical opening in the heart
2. component of extracorporeal circuit serving as a reservoir for blood |
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carotid
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referring to the large arteries in the neck carrying blood to the brain and
scalp |
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catecholamine
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any of a group of sympathomimetic amines (including dopamine, epinephrine, and
norepinephrine) |
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cath
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catheterization
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CAVH
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continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration
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CBC
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complete blood count
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CCP
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Certified Cardiovascular Perfusionist; the professional credential for the
certified perfusion technologist |
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CCSC
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Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification
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CCU
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coronary care unit
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cerebral
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referring to the cerebellium or brain
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CI
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1. cardiac index,
2. confidence interval |
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circ art
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circumflex artery
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colloidal osmotic pressure (COP)
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the osmotic force due to the presence of proteins or other large molecular
weight substances |
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co-morbidity
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concomitant but unrelated pathologic or disease process,usually used to
indicate coexistence of two or more disease processes. |
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compensation
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the process where one acid base imbalance offsets another imbalance in an
effort to bring the pH back within normal limits. Ex. metabolic acidosis with a [HCO3-] less than 22 mEq/L causes tachypnea causing a pCO2 less than 35 mmHg (respiratory alkalosis) |
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congestive heart failure
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failure to maintain adequate circulation of blood
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COP
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colloidal osmotic pressure
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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