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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gli/o
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glue
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myelin/o
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myelin sheath
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tom/o
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to cut
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-schisis
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cleft;splitting
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-us
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condition;thing
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para-
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abnormal
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polio-
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gray
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tetra-
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four
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cerbellar
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cerebellum
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cerebellar
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pertaining to the cerebellum
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cerebellitis
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inflammation of the cerebellum
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cerebr/o
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brain
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cerebral
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pertaining to the brain
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cerebrospinal
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pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
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cerebrovascular
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pertaining to the brain and blood vessels.
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cortic/o
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cortex; outer covering
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cortical
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pertaining to the cortex
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coticospinal
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pertaining to the cerebral cortex and spine
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dur/o
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dura matter (one of the membranes surrounding the brain)
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epidural
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upon the dura mater
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subdural
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under the dura mater
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encephal/o
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brain
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electroencephalogram
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record of the electrical activity of the brain (brain waves)
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electroencephalograph
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instrument used to record the used to record the electrical activity of the brain.
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encephalitis
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inflammation of the brain.
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ecephalomalacia
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softening of the brain
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encephalopathy
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any disease of the brain
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magnet/o
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magnet
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hyrdr/o
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water
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hydrocephalus
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accumulation of the fluid in the brain.
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magnetic resonance imaging
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a picture of the brain produced by using magnetic waves.
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mening/o
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meninges;membranes
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meningitis
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inflammatin of the meninges
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meningoencephalitis
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inflammation of the meninges and brain.
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myel/o
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spinal cord or bone marrow
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myelogram
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record of the spinal cord
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myeloschisis
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splitting of the spinal cord
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poliomyelitis
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inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord.
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neur/o
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nerve
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myoneural
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pertaining to the muscle and nerve; also known as neuromuscular
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neuralgia
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nerve pain
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neurology
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the study of the nervous system including diseases and treatment
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neurologist
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a specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders
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neurolysis
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nerve distruction
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polyneuritis
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inflammation of many nerves
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polyneuritis
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inflammation of many nerves
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radicul/o
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nerve roots
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myeloradiculitis
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inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots.
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spinal tap
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insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space below the third lumbar vertebra to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes; also known as lumbar puncture
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spin/o
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spine
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thalam/o
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thalamus
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thalamocortical
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pertaining to the thalamus and cerebral cortex
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ventricul/o
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ventricles
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ventriculostomy
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new opening in the ventricls;used to treat hydrocepahlus
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-cele
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hernia (protrusion)
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meningocele
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hernia of the meninges;displacement of the mininges from its normal position.
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myelomeningocele
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hernia of the spinal cord and meninges; displacement of the spinal cord and meninges from their normal position
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-esthesia
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sensation
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anesthesia
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loss of sensation
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hypoesthesia
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decreases sensation
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hyperesthesia
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increased sensation
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dysesthesia
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irritating sensation in response to normal stimuli
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paresthesia
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abnormal sensation such as numbness and tingling
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-graphy
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process of recording;process of producing images
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cerebral angiography
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the cerebral arteries are visualized after injection of a contrast medium.
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computed tomography
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x-ray beam rotates around the patient, detailing the structure at various depths. The information is computer analzyed and voncerted to a pic of the body part. Common body parts studied in this fashion include the abdomen, kidneys, brain and chest.
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electroencephalography
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process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain.
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myelography
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image of the spinal cord is produced using x-rays after injection of a contrast medium.
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-kinesia;-kinesis
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movement;motion
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hyperkinesis
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excessive motion; hyperactivity
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dyskinesia
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impaired movement
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bradykinesia
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slow movement
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-oma
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tumor;mass
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hematoma
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accumulation of blood in a space organ, or tissue due to a break in a blood vessel;examples are epidural and subdural hematomas
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glioma
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tumor of neuroglial cells
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meningioma
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benign tumor of meninges
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-phasia
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speech
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aphasia
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no speech
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dysphasia
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difficult speech
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-plegia
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paralysis (loss or impairment of the motor function)
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diplegia
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paralysis of liek extremities on both sides of the body
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of either the right or left half of the body
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monoplegia
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paralysis of one extremity
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paraplegia
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paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs
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-taxia
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order;coordination
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ataxia
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no muscular coordination often due to cerebellar dysfunction.
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de-
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lack of;removal
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demyelination
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lack of myelin sheath
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pachy
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thick
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pachymeningitis
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inflammation fo the pachymeninges
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ALS
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AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. DEATH OF NERVE CELLS IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD RESULTS IN MUSCULAR DEGENERATION.
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BBB
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BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
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CNS
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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CSF
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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
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CTS
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CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (PRESSUE ON A NERVE IN THE LOWER FOREARM NEAR THE WRIST RESULTS IN PAIN AND DISUSE OF THE HAND
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CT
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COMUTED TOMORGRAPHY
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EEG
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
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HNP
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HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
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LP
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LUMBAR PUNCTURE
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MRI
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
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MS
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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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PD
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PARKINSON'S DISEASE
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PET
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POSITRON EMISSION TOMORGRAPHY
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PNS
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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The central endocrine glands are the ?
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hypothalmus and pituitary
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The peripheal glands are the;
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thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals pineal, pancreas
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An endocrine function does not involve ducts. Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream to be received by
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Target organs
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete cortisol and aldosterone. (ACTH)
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GH- Growth Hormone
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stimulates growth in all body cells and controls the release of the hormone somatomedin from the liver
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TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone or thyrotropin
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which stimulates the throid gland to produce and secrete it's own hormones thyroxine.
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FSH - Follicle stimulating hormone
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Also known as gonadotropin. Which stimulates the development of the gonads (ovaries and testes.) In males, this hormone promotes sperm formation, and in females it promotes mthly development of the ovum(egg) and stimulates the secretion of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
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Luteinizng hormone (LH)
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another gonadtropin that triggers ovulation in females. In males it regulates tesosterone secretion and is cld interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. (ICSH)
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Prolactin (PRL)
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and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) are the sixth and seventh hormones produced the anterior pituitary. These two hormones do not stimulate the production of other hormones and are therefore not tropic hormones. PRL stimulates breast development and milk production. MSH stimulates melanocytic activity in the skin.
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The Posterior pituitary
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Secretes two neurohormones produced by the hypothalmus. The first is antidiuretic hormone. (ADH) also known as vasopressin and the second is oxytocin (OT) produced by the hypothalmus. Antidiuretic hormone prevents excessive loss of water, and oxytocin stimulates the uterine contractions to assist childbirth. Oxytocin also regulates the flow of milk from the mammary glands.
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The anterior pituitary secrestes several hormones critical to life:
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ACTH, GH, TSH, FSH LH (ICSH IN MALES,) PRL AND MSH
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The posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus;
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ADH AND OT
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The thyroid is located where?
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In the throat area and produces T3 AND T4 Which regulates metabolic rate and increase energy production
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The thyroid also secretes?
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Calcitonin, wh ich regulates blood calcium levels.
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How many parathryoid gland which are located in the thyroid
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There are four parathyroid glands. they secrete PTH which regulates calcium and phosphorus levels.
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The pineal gland is located where?
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Deep in the brain and secretes melatonin.
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Where is the pancreas located?
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Lies near the stomach
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The pancreas has both ?
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Exocrine and endocrine functions.
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What is the function of the pancreas?
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to produce insulin and glucagon.
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Immun/o
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safe
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radi/o
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radioactive
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-genesis
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production
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-gen
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producing
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eu-
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normal good
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acr/o
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extremity;top
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acromegaly
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enlargement of the upper extremeties such as forehead, nose and jaw
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aden/o
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gland
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adenoma
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benign tumor of a gland
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adrenal/o; adren/o
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adrenal
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adrenalectomy
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excision of the adreanl gland
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andr/o
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male;man
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androgen
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substance producing male characteristics such as the hormone testosterone
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calc/o
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calcium
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hypercalcemia
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excessive amounts of calcium in the blood.
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crin/o
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to secrete
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endocrinologist
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specialist in the study of the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endrocine glands and their hormones.
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estr/o
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female
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endocrinology
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the study of the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders
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estrogen
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femalse sex hormones
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gluc/o
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sugar
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glucogenesis
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production of sugar
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gluconeogenesis
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production of sugar from fats and proteins
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glyc/o
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sugar
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glycolysis
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breakdown of sugars
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hyperglycemia
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excessive amounts of sugar in the blood.
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hypoglecemia
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deficient amounts of sugar in the blood.
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glycogen/o
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storage form of sugar
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glycogenolysis
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breakdown of blycogen to form glucose
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hypergonadism
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condition characterized by excessive secretion of gonadal hormones
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gynec/o
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woman
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gynecomastia
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abnormal enlargement of the male breast.
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home/o
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same
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homeostasis
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a balanced yet sometimes varying state
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insulin/o
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insulin
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hypoinsulinism
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condition characterized by decreased amounts of insulin secretion
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kal/o
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potassiunm
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hyperkalemia
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excessive amounts of potassium in the blood
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natr/o
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sodium
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hyponatremia
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deficient amounts of sodium in the blood.
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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meningioma
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benign tumor of meninges
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-phasia
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speech
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aphasia
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no speech
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dysphasia
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difficult speech
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-plegia
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paralysis (loss or impairment of the motor function)
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diplegia
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paralysis of liek extremities on both sides of the body
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of either the right or left half of the body
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monoplegia
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paralysis of one extremity
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paraplegia
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paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs
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-taxia
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order;coordination
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ataxia
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no muscular coordination often due to cerebellar dysfunction.
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de-
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lack of;removal
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demyelination
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lack of myelin sheath
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pachy
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thick
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pachymeningitis
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inflammation fo the pachymeninges
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