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381 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-physis |
growth |
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Sections of the spine (4) |
cervical thoracic lumbar and sacral costo |
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cervical |
the neck section |
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thoracic |
chest/upper back section |
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lumbar and sacral |
lower back |
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cost/o |
Your ribs attach to the vertebra of the thoracic section. |
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brachio |
Your upper arm |
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the two bones of your forearm |
radius and ulna |
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your wrist |
carpe |
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fingers and toes |
phalanges |
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thigh bone |
femur |
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two shin bones |
tibia and fibula |
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ankle |
tarsal |
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oste/o |
bone |
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crani/o |
head, skull |
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cervic/o |
neck |
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spondyl/o |
vertebra |
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lumb/o |
loin, lower back |
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brachi/o |
arm |
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tars/o |
ankle |
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dactyl/o |
finger |
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wrist |
carp/o |
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cost/o |
rib |
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thighbone |
femor/o |
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shinbone |
tibi/o |
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flexion |
When a joint bends |
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extension |
When a joint straightens |
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Abduction |
widening of a joint to move parts away from the body |
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adduction |
the joint narrows to bring parts back toward the body. |
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Tendons hold |
muscle to bone |
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Ligaments hold |
bone to bone |
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bursa |
small fluid-filled sac found near the body's joints |
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arthr/o |
joint |
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fascia |
thick membrane surrounding muscle |
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ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o |
tendon (connective tissue connecting muscle to bone) hint: to stretch |
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muscul/o, my/o, myos/o |
muscle |
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fasci/o |
fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together) |
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kinesi/o (also sometimes kinet/o) |
movement, motion |
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ton/o |
tone, tension |
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tax/o |
arrangement, order, coordination |
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ankyl/o |
stiff, bent |
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what 5 muscles are in the trunk? (chest and abdomen) |
external abdominal oblique internal abdominal oblique pectoralis minor pectoralis major latissimus dorsi |
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costalgia kaws-TAL-jah |
cost / algia rib / pain |
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metatarsalgia meh-tah-tar-SAL-jah |
meta / tars / algia after / ankle / pain Definition pain in the bones of the foot |
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ostalgia aws-TAL-jah |
ost / algia bone / pain |
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ostealgia aws-tee-AL-jah |
oste / algia bone / pain |
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osteodynia aws-tee-oh-DIH-nee-ah |
osteo / dynia bone / pain |
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spondylodynia spawn-dih-loh-DIH-nee-ah |
spondylo / dynia vertebra / pain |
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tibialgia tih-bee-AL-ja |
tibi / algia tibia / pain Definition tibia (shin) pain |
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ankylosis an-kih-LOH-sis |
ankyl / osis stiff / condition Definition joint stiffness |
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arthralgia ar-THRAL-jah |
arthr / algia joint / pain |
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arthrodynia ar-throh-DIH-nee-ah |
arthro / dynia joint / pain |
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cervicodynia sir-vih-koh-DIH-nee-ah |
cervico / dynia neck / pain |
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crepitation kreh-pih-TAY-shun |
from Latin, for rattleor creaking Definition a crackling sound heard in joints |
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genu valgum JEH-noo VAL-gum |
genu valgum knee pointed in Definition knock-kneed |
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genu varum JEH-noo VAH-rum |
genu varum knee bowed out Definition bow-legged |
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bradykinesia bray-dih-kih-NEE-zhah |
brady / kinesia slow / movement |
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dyskinesia dis-kih-NEE-zhah |
dys / kinesia bad / movement |
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dystaxia dis-TAK-see-ah |
dys / taxia bad / coordination Definition poor coordination |
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dystonia dis-TOH-nee-ah |
dys / tonia bad / muscle tone |
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graphospasm gra-foh-SPAZM |
grapho / spasm write / involuntary contraction Definition writer's cramp |
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hyperkinesia hai-per-kih-NEE-zhah |
hyper / kinesia over / movement Definition increase in muscle movement or activity |
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hypertonia hai-per-TOH-nee-yah |
hyper / tonia over / muscle tone Definition increased muscle tone or tightness |
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hypokinesia hai-poh-kih-NEE-zhah |
hypo / kinesia under / movement |
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hypotonia hai-poh-TOH-nee-yah |
hypo / tonia under / muscle tone Definition decrease in muscle tone or tigtness |
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myalgia mai-AL-jah |
my / algia muscle / pain |
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myasthenia mai-as-THEH-nee-ah |
my / asthenia muscle / weakness |
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myodynia mai-oh-DIH-nee-ah |
myo / dynia muscle / pain |
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myospasm MAI-oh-spazm |
myo / spasm muscle / involuntary contraction |
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tenalgia ten-AL-jah |
ten / algia tendon / pain |
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muscles that belong to the arm, forearm, hand and shoulder (3) |
deltoid biceps brachii triceps brachii |
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ge·nu |
the knee |
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muscles in the butt, thigh and leg (4) |
gluteus maximus gluteus minimus gluteus medius gastrocnemius |
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MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
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polydactyly |
many fingers |
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syndactyly |
fused fingers |
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osteolysis |
bone distruction |
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exostosis |
extra bone growth |
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effusion |
fluid around the joint |
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arthrocentesis ar-throh-sin-TEE-sis |
arthro / centesis joint / puncture to send to the lab |
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arthrogram AR-throh-gram |
arthro / gram joint / record Definition visual record of a joint |
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arthrography ar-THRAW-grah-fee |
arthro / graphy joint / writing procedure Definition procedure used to examine a joint |
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arthroscope AR-throh-skohp |
arthro / scope joint / instrument to look |
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arthroscopy ar-THRAW-skoh-pee |
arthro / scopy joint / procedure to look |
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computed axial tomography (CAT or CT) kom-PYOO-ted AK-see-al taw-MAW-grah-fee |
axi / al tomo / graphy axis / pertaining to cut / writing procedure Definition imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
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electromyogram eh-lek-troh-MAI-o-gram |
electro / myo / gram electricity / muscle / record |
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electromyography eh-LEK-troh-mai-AW-grah-fee |
electro / myo / graphy electricity / muscle / writing procedure |
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myography mai-AW-grah-fee |
myo / graphy muscle / writing procedure |
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osteometry aw-stee-AW-meh-tree |
osteo / metry bone / measurement |
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kyphosis kai-FOH-sis |
kyph / osis bent / condition Definition humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
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lordosis lor-DOH-sis |
lord / osis bent backward / condition Definition sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
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scoliosis SKOH-lee-OH-sis |
scoli / osis crooked / condition Definition crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
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carpitis kar-PAI-tis |
carp / itis wrist / inflammation |
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craniomalacia kray-nee-oh-mah-LAY-shah |
cranio / malacia skull / softening |
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exostosis eks-aws-TOH-sis |
ex / ost / osis out / bone / condition Definition an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone |
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fracture FRAK-shur |
from Latin, for break |
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traverse oblique spiral angulated displaced displaced & angulated |
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osteodystrophy aw-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee |
osteo / dys / trophy bone / bad / nourishment Definition poor bone development |
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osteolysis aw-stee-AW-lih-sis |
osteo / lysis bone / loss |
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osteonecrosis aw-stee-oh-nih-KROH-sis |
osteo / necr / osis bone / death / condition Definition death of bone |
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osteosclerosis aw-stee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis |
osteo / scler / osis bone / hardening / condition Definition abnormal hardening of bone |
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polydactyly paw-lee-DAK-tih-lee |
poly / dactyl / y many / finger / condition Definition having more than the normal number of fingers (or toes) |
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spondylitis spawn-dih-LAI-tis |
spondyl / itis vertebra / inflammation |
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spondylomalacia spawn-dih-loh-mah-LAY-shah |
spondylo / malacia
vertebra / softening |
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syndactyly sin-DAK-tih-lee |
syn / dactyl / y together / finger / condition Definition fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers (or toes) |
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tarsoptosis tar-sawp-TOH-sis |
tarso / ptosis ankle / drooping condition Definition flat feet |
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bursolith BIR-soh-lith |
burso / lith bursa / stone Definition a stone in a bursa |
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effusion ee-FYOO-zhun |
ef / fusion out / pour Definition fluid build-up |
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hemarthrosis hee-mar-THROH-sis |
hem / arthr / osis blood / joint / condition Definition blood in a joint |
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hydrarthrosis hai-drar-THROH-sis |
hydr / arthr / osis water / joint / condition |
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pyarthrosis pai-ar-THROH-sis |
py / arthr / osis pus / joint / condition |
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atrophy A-troh-fee |
a / trophy no / nourishment Definition underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
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hypertrophy hai-PER-troh-fee |
hyper / trophy over / nourishment |
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myocele MAI-oh-seel |
myo / cele muscle / hernia |
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myolysis mai-AW-lih-sis |
myo / lysis muscle / loss |
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myomalacia mai-oh-mah-LAY-shah |
myo / malacia muscle / softening Definition softening of a muscle |
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myosclerosis mai-oh-skleh-ROH-sis |
myo / scler / osis muscle / hardening / condition |
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myotasis mai-AW-tah-sis |
myo / tasis muscle / expansion Definition stretching of a muscle |
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myotonia mai-oh-TOH-nee-ah |
myo / tonia muscle / tone |
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ankylosing spondylitis an-kih-LOH-sing spawn-dih-LAI-tis |
ankylos / ing spondyl / itis stiffen / causing vertebra / inflammation Definition a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
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chondro-osteodystrophy KAWN-droh-AW-stee-oh-DIH-stroh-fee |
chondro / osteo / dys / trophy cartilage / bone / bad / nourishment Definition poor development of bones and cartilage |
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craniosynostosis KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis |
cranio /syn / ost / osis skull / together / bone / condition Definition the premature fusing of the skull bones |
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dactylitis DAK-tih-LAI-tis |
dactyl / itis finger / inflammation |
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hypertrophic spondylitis HAI-per-TROH-fik spon-dih-LAI-tis |
hyper / trophic spondyl / itis over / nourishment vertebra / inflammation Definition overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation |
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osteitis AW-stee-AI-tis |
oste / itis bone / inflammation |
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osteocarcinoma AW-stee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-mah |
osteo / carcin / oma bone / cancer / tumor |
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osteochondritis AW-stee-oh-kon-DRAI-tis |
osteo / chondr / itis bone / cartilage / inflammation |
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osteochondroma AW-stee-oh-kon-DROH-mah |
osteo / chondr / oma bone / cartilage / tumor |
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osteogenesis imperfecta AW-stee-oh-JIN-eh-sis IM-per-FEK-tah |
osteo / genesis im / perfecta bone / creation not / complete Definition a disease in which the bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease |
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osteomalacia AW-stee-oh-mah-LAY-shah |
osteo / malacia bone / softening |
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osteomyelitis AW-stee-oh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis |
osteo / myel / itis bone / marrow / inflammation |
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osteopathy AW-stee-AW-pah-thee |
osteo / pathy bone / disease |
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osteopenia AW-stee-oh-PEE-nee-yah |
osteo / penia bone / deficiency reduction in bone volume |
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osteoporosis AW-stee-oh-por-OH-sis |
osteo / por / osis bone / pore / condition Definition loss of bone density |
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osteosarcoma AW-stee-oh-sar-KOH-mah |
osteo / sarc / oma bone / flesh / tumor Definition cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
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spinal stenosis SPAI-nal stih-NOH-sis |
spinal sten / osis spine narrow / condition |
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spondyloarthropathy SPAWN-dih-loh-ar-THRAW-pah-thee |
spondylo / arthro / pathy vertebra / joint / disease |
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spondylolisthesis SPAWN-dih-loh-lis-THEE-sis |
spondylo / listhesis vertebra / slipping Definition the slipping or dislocation of a vertebra |
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spondylolysis SPAWN-dih-LO-li-sis |
spondylo / lysis vertebra / loss |
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spondylosis SPAWN-dih-LOH-sis |
spondyl / osis vertebra / condition |
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arthritis
ar-THRAI-tis |
arthr / itis joint / inflammation |
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rheumatoid arthritis ROO-mah-toyd ar-THRAI-tis |
rheumat / oid arthr / itis rheumatic fever / resembling joint / inflammation |
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septic arthritis SEP-tik ar-THRAI-ti |
septic arthr / itis rotting joint / inflammation |
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osteoarthritis AW-stee-oh-ar-THRAI-tis |
osteo / arthr / itis bone / joint / inflammation |
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arthrocele AR-throh-seel |
arthro / cele joint / hernia |
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arthrodysplasia AR-throh-dis-PLAY-zhah |
arthro / dys / plasia joint / bad / formation |
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arthropathy ar-THRAW-pah-thee |
arthro / pathy joint / disease |
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arthrosclerosis AR-throh-skleh-ROH-sis |
arthro / scler / osis joint / hardening / condition |
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bursitis bur-SAI-tis |
burs / itis bursa / inflammation |
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bursopathy bur-SAW-pah-thee |
burso / pathy bursa / disease |
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subluxation sub-luk-SAY-shun |
sub / luxation beneath / dislocation Definition partial dislocation of a joint |
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achondroplasia AY-kawn-droh-PLAY-zhah |
a / chondro / plasia no / cartilage / formation |
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chondroma kawn-DROH-mah |
chondr / oma cartilage / tumor |
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chondromalacia KAWN-droh-mah-LAY-shah |
chondro / malacia cartilage / softening |
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costochondritis KAW-stoh-kawn-DRAI-tis |
costo / chondr / itis rib / cartilage / inflammation |
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fasciitis FA-shee-AI-tis |
fasci / itis fascia / inflammation |
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muscular dystrophy MUS-kyoo-lar DIS-troh-fee |
muscul / ar dys / trophy muscle / pertaining to bad / nourishment Definition disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
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myoclonus MAI-oh-KLAWN-us |
myo / clonus muscle / turmoil |
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myopathy mai-AW-pah-thee |
myo / pathy muscle / disease |
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myasthenia MAI-as-THEE-nee-ah |
my / asthenia muscle / weakness |
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myofasciitis MAI-oh- FA-shee-AI-tis |
myo / fasci / itis muscle / fascia / inflammation |
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myoma mai-OH-mah |
my / oma muscle / tumor |
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myosarcoma MAI-oh-sar-KOH-mah |
myo / sarc / oma muscle / flesh / tumor |
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myositis MAI-oh-SAI-tis |
myos / itis muscle / inflammation |
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necrotizing fasciitis NEH-kroh-TAI-zing FA-shee-AI-tis |
necrot / izing fasci / itis death / causing fascia / inflammation |
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polymyositis PAW-lee-MAI-oh-SAI-tis |
poly / myos / itis many / muscle / inflammation |
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tardive dyskinesia TAR-div DIS-kin-EE-zhah |
tardive dys / kinesia slow bad / movement / condition |
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tendinitis TEN-dih-NAI-tis |
tendin / itis tendon / inflammation |
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tendonitis TEN-dah-NAI-tis |
tendon / itis tendon / inflammation |
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analgesic A-nal-JEE-zik |
an / alge / sic no / pain / agent |
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anti-inflammatory |
reduce inflamation |
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NSAIDs |
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
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antiarthritic AN-tee-ar-THRIH-tik |
anti / arthri / tic against / joint (pain) / agent |
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anti-inflammatory AN-tee-in-FLA-mah-TOR-ee |
anti / inflammatory against / inflammation |
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antipyretic AN-tee-pir-ih-tik |
anti / pyre / tic against / fever / agent |
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carpectomy kar-PEK-toh-mee |
carp / ectomy wrist / removal Definition removal of all or part of the wrist |
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costectomy kaws-TEK-toh-mee |
cost / ectomy rib / removal |
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craniectomy KRAY-nee-EK-toh-mee |
crani / ectomy skull / removal |
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craniotomy KRAY-nee-AW-toh-mee |
cranio / tomy skull / incision |
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external fixation EKS-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun |
external fix / ation outside fix / procedure |
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internal fixation IN-tir-nal fik-SAY-shun |
internal fix / ation inside fix / procedure |
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closed reduction klohzd ree-DUK-shun |
closed re / duc / tion closed back / lead / procedure |
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open reduction OH-pen ree-DUK-shun |
open re / duc / tion open back / lead / procedure |
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metacarpectomy MEH-tah-kar-PEK-toh-mee |
meta / carp / ectomy after / wrist / removal Definition removal of a bone in the hand |
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orthotics or-THAW-tiks |
ortho / tics straight / agent |
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ostectomy aws-TEK-toh-mee |
ost / ectomy bone / removal |
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osteectomy aws-tee-EK-toh-mee |
oste / ectomy bone / removal |
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osteoclasia AWS-tee-oh-KLAY-zhah |
osteo / clasia bone / breaking |
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osteoplasty AWS-tee-oh-PLAS-tee |
osteo / plasty bone / reconstruction |
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osteotomy AWS-tee-AW-toh-mee |
osteo / tomy bone / incision |
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prosthesis praws-THEE-sis |
pros / thesis toward / place Definition a device that is added to a body to replace a missing part or lost function |
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spondylosyndesis SPAWN-dih-loh-sin-DEE-sis |
spondylo / syn / desis vertebra / together / binding Definition fusing together of multiple vertebrae |
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sternotomy stir-NAW-toh-mee |
sterno / tomy sternum / incision |
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tarsectomy tar-SEK-toh-mee |
tars / ectomy ankle / removal |
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tarsoclasia TAR-soh-KLAY-zhah |
tarso / clasia ankle / breaking |
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arthrectomy ar-THREK-toh-mee |
arthr / ectomy joint / removal |
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arthroclasia AR-throh-KLAY-zhah |
arthro / clasia joint / breaking |
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arthrodesis AR-throh-DEE-sis |
arthro / desis joining / binding |
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arthrolysis ar-THRAW-lih-sis |
arthro / lysis joint / loose |
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arthroplasty AR-throh-PLAS-tee |
arthro / plasty joint / reconstruction |
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arthrotomy ar-THRAW-toh-mee |
arthro / tomy joint / incision |
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bursectomy bir-SEK-toh-mee |
burs / ectomy bursa / removal |
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bursotomy bir-SAW-toh-mee |
burso / tomy bursa / incision |
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chondrectomy kawn-DREK-toh-mee |
chondr / ectomy cartilage / removal |
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chondroplasty KAWN-droh-PLAS-tee |
chondro / plasty cartilage / reconstruction |
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myomectomy MAI-oh-MEK-toh-mee |
my / om / ectomy muscle / tumor / removal |
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tenorrhaphy ten-OR-ah-fee |
teno / rrhaphy tendon / suture |
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Fx |
fracture |
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Tx |
traction or treatment |
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ACL |
anterior cruciate ligament |
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MCL |
medial collateral ligament |
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LCL |
lateral collateral ligament |
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PCL |
posterior cruciate ligament |
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C1-C7 |
cervical (of the neck) vertebrae |
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T1-T12 |
thoracic (of the chest) vertebrae |
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L1-L5 |
lumbar (of the loin) vertebrae |
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S1-S5 |
sacral vertebrae |
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CTS |
carpal tunnel syndrome |
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EMG |
electromyogram |
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FROM |
full range of motion |
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MD |
muscular dystrophy |
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OA |
osteoarthritis |
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ORIF |
open reduction internal fixation |
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PT |
physical therapy |
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RA |
rheumatoid arthritis |
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RICE |
rest, ice, compression, elevation |
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ROM |
range of motion |
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THR |
total hip replacement |
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TKR |
total knee replacement |
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WB |
weight bearing |
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WBAT |
weight bearing as tolerated |
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2 parts of the nervous system |
the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system |
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brain |
cerebr/o, encephal/o |
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cerebell/o |
cerebellum |
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cephal/o |
head |
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crani/o |
head, skull |
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mening/o, meningi/o |
meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord) |
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dur/o |
dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord) |
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gangli/o |
nerve bundle |
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myel/o |
spinal cord, bone marrow Greek word meaning the innermost part |
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esthesi/o |
feeling, sensation |
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phas/o |
speech |
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phren/o, psych/o |
mind phren/o can also refer to the diaphragm |
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phrenospasm |
a fancy medical term for a hiccup |
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somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o |
sleep |
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gnosi/o |
know |
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-mania |
excessive desire |
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-phobia |
excessive fear or sensitivity |
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Agoraphobia |
fear of being outdoors or in public spaces |
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ablutophobia |
the fear of taking a bath |
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acrophobia |
the fear of heights |
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alektorophobia |
the fear of chickens |
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arachnophobia |
the fear of spiders |
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cynophobia |
the fear of dogs |
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dendrophobia |
the fear of trees |
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gynophobia |
the fear of women |
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ichthyphobia |
the fear of fish |
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nyctophobia |
the fear of night |
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phobophobia |
the fear of being afraid |
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triskaidekaphobia |
the fear of the number 13 |
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-paresis |
slight or partial paralysis comes from Greek, for to let go, or to slacken |
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tax/o |
arrangement, order, coordination |
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-plegia |
paralysis |
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-asthenia |
weakness |
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aphasi ah-FAY-zhah |
a / phas / ia not / speaking / condition |
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ataxia ah-TAK-see-ah |
a / taxia no / coordination |
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catatonia KAT-ah-TOH-nee-ah |
cata / ton / ia down / muscle / tone Definition condition characterized by reduced muscle tone |
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delirium deh-LEER-ee-um |
from Latin, for to plow outside the furrow; perhaps translates to go off the tracks Definition brief loss of mental function |
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dementia da-MEN-chah |
de / ment / ia down / mind / condition Definition loss/decline in mental function |
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dyskinesia dis-kih-NEE-zhah |
dys / kinesia bad / movement Definition difficulty moving |
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dyslexia dis-LEK-see-ah |
dys / lex / ia bad / reading / condition Definition difficulty reading |
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dysphasia dis-FAY-zhah |
dys / phas / ia bad / speaking / condition |
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dystonia dis-TOH-nee-ah |
dys / ton / ia bad / muscle tone / condition Definition condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
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insomnia in-SOM-nee-ah |
in / somn / ia not / sleeping / condition |
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myoclonus mai-AWK-loh-nus |
myo / clonus muscle / turmoil Definition muscle twitching |
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myospasm MAI-oh-spazm |
myo / spasm muscle / involuntary contraction |
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neurasthenia NUR-as-THEN-ee-ah |
neur / asthenia nerve / weakness |
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somnambulism sawm-NAM-byoo-liz-um |
somn / ambul / ism sleep / walk / condition |
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syncope SIN-koh-pee |
from Greek, for contraction or cut off Definition fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
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cephalalgia SEH-ful-AL-jah |
cephal / algia head / pain |
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cephalodynia SEH-fah-loh-DIH-nee-ah |
cephalo / dynia head / pain |
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encephalalgia in-SE-ful-AL-jah |
encephal / algia brain / pain |
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neuralgia nur-AL-jah |
neur / algia nerve / pain |
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neurodynia NUR-oh-DIH-nee-ah |
neuro / dynia nerve / pain |
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hemiparesis HEH-mee-puh-REE-sis |
hemi / paresis half / partial paralysis |
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hemiplegia HEH-mee-PLEE-jah |
hemi / plegia half / paralysis |
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anosmia an-AWZ-mee-ah |
an / osm / ia no / smell / condition |
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causalgia kaw-ZAL-jah |
caus / algia burn / pain |
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dysesthesia DIS-es-THEE-zhah |
dys / esthesia bad / sensation |
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hyperesthesia HAI-per-es-THEE-zhah |
hyper / esthesia over / sensation |
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paresthesia PAR-es-THEE-zhah |
par / esthesia beside / sensation Definition abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin) |
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pseudesthesia SOO-des-THEE-zhah |
pseud / esthesia false / sensation |
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synesthesia SIN-es-THEE-zhah |
syn / esthesia together / sensation Definition condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
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hydrophobia HAI-druh-FOH-bee-ah |
hydro / phobia water / excessive fear |
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kleptomania KLEP-toh-MAY-nee-ah |
klepto / mania theft / excessive desire |
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photophobia FOH-toh-FOH-bee-ah |
photo / phobia light / excessive sensitivity Definition excessive sensitivity to light NOTE: This is an example of phobia meaning not just fear of but also sensitivity to something. Someone with photophobia isn't afraid of light, but rather is extremely sensitive to light. |
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pyromania PAI-roh-MAY-nee-ah |
pyro / mania fire / excessive desire |
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cerebral angiography sih-REE-bral AN-gee-AW-grah-fee |
cerebr / al angio / graphy brain / pertaining to vessel / writing procedure Definition procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
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echoencephalography EH-koh-in-SEH-fah-LAW-grah-fee |
echo / encephalo / graphy echo / brain / writing procedure Definition procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
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electroencephalography (EEG) eh-LEK-troh-in-SEH-fah-LAW-grah-fee |
electro / encephalo / graphy electricity / brain / writing procedure Definition procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
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encephalography in-SEH-fah-LOH-grah-fee |
encephalo / graphy brain / writing procedure Definition procedure for studying the brain |
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lumbar puncture (LP) LUM-bar PUNK-chir |
lumb / ar puncture lower back / pertaining to Definition inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a “spinal tap” |
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magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) mag-NET-ik REH-zawn-ants AN-gee-AW-grah-fee |
angio / graphy vessel / writing procedure Definition procedure used to examine blood vessels |
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myelogram MAI-el-oh-gram |
myelo / gram spinal cord / record Definition image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray |
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positron emission tomography (PET) scan PAWZ-ih-trawn ee-MISH-un taw-MAW-gra-fee |
e / mission tomo / graphy out / send cut / writing procedure Definition an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain |
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transcranial Doppler sonography tranz-KRAY-nee-al DAW-plir saw-NAW-gra-fee |
trans / cranial Doppler sono / graphy through / skull Doppler sound / writing procedure Definition an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
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cerebellitis ser-eh-bell-AI-tis |
cerebell / itis cerebellum / inflammation |
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encephalocele en-SEF-ah-loh-SEEL |
encephalo / cele brain / hernia Definition hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull) |
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hematoma HEE-mah-TOH-mah |
hemat / oma blood / tumor Definition a tumor-like mass made up of blood |
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cranial hematoma KRAY-nee-al HEE-mah-TOH-mah |
crani / al hemat / oma skull / pertaining to blood / tumor |
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epidural hematoma EH-pi-DIR-al HEE-mah-TOH-mah |
epi / dur / al hemat / oma upon / dura / pertaining to blood / tumor Definition a hematoma located on top of the dura |
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intracerebral hematoma IN-trah-se-REE-bral HEE-mah-TOH-mah |
intra / cerebr / al hemat / oma inside / brain / pertaining to blood / tumor |
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subdural hematoma sub-DIR-al HEE-mah-TOH-mah |
sub / dur / al hemat / oma beneath / dura / pertaining to blood / tumor |
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macrocephaly MA-kroh-SEH-fah-lee |
macro / cephal / y large / head / condition |
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microcephaly MAI-kroh-SEH-fah-lee |
micro / cephal / y small / head / condition |
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meningocele meh-NIN-goh-seel |
meningo / cele meninges / hernia |
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myelocele MAI-eh-loh-SEEL |
myelo / cele spinal cord / hernia |
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myelomalacia MAI-eh-loh-mah-LAY-shah |
myelo / malacia spinal cord / softening |
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myelomeningocele MAI-eh-loh-meh-NIN-goh-seel |
myelo / meningo / cele spinal cord / meninges / hernia Definition a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges |
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neuritis nir-AI-tis |
neur / itis nerve / inflammation |
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agnosia AG-noh-zhah |
a / gnos / ia not / knowledge / condition Definition inability to comprehend |
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apathy A-pah-thee |
a / path / y no / suffering / condition Definition lack of emotion |
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atopognosis AY-top-aw-GNOH-sis |
a / topo / gnosis no / place / knowledge Definition inability to locate a sensation |
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hyperkinesia HAI-per-kih-NEE-shah |
hyper / kinesia over / movement Definition increase in muscle movement or activity |
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neurasthenia NIR-as-THEN-ee-ah |
neur / asthenia nerve / weakness |
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neuroglycopenia NIR-oh-GLAI-koh-PEE-nee-ah |
neuro / glyco / penia nerve / sugar / deficiency Definition deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
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nystagmus nih-STAG-mus |
from Greek, for to nod Definition involuntary back and forth eye movements |
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prosopagnosia PRAW-soh-pag-NOH-zhah |
prosop / a / gnos / ia face / no / knowledge / condition Definition inability to recognize faces |
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anesthesiologist A-neh-STHEE-zee-AW-loh-jist |
an / esthesio / logist no / sensation / specialist Definition doctor who specializes in anesthesiology |
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afferent nerve A-fir-ent nirv |
af / ferent nerve toward / carry Definition a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system NOTE: The prefix af- is actually ad- (toward), like in admit or address. When ad- is added to -ferent, the word adferent changes to afferent—it's just easier to easier to say. |
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efferent nerve EH-fir-ent nirv |
ef / ferent nerve away / carry Definition a nerve that carries impulses away from the central nervous system NOTE: The prefix ef- is actually ex- (out or away), like in exit. When added to -ferent, it changes for the same reasons as described for afferent. |
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neurogenic NIR-oh-JIN-ik |
neuro / gen / ic nerve / creation / pertaining to Definition originating from/created by nerves |
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psychogenic SAI-koh-JIN-ik |
psycho / gen / ic mind / creation / pertaining to Definition originating in/created by the mind |
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psychiatrist sai-KAI-ah-trist |
psych / iatrist mind / specialist Definition doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind psychiatrist has an MD or a DO and can prescribe medication. |
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psychiatry sai-KAI-ah-tree |
psych / iatry mind / specialty |
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psychologist sai-KAW-loh-jist |
psycho / logist mind / specialist Definition doctor who specializes in the study of the mind. a psychologist has a PhD and normally uses psychotherapy |
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psychology sai-KAW-loh-jee |
psycho / logy mind / study Definition branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind Note: The chief differences between a psychologist and a psychiatrist are their training and approach. |
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psychosomatic SAI-koh-soh-MA-tik |
psycho / somat / ic mind / body / pertaining to Definition pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind |
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idiopathic IH-dee-oh-PAH-thik |
idio / path / ic private / disease / pertaining to Definition having no known cause or origin NOTE: idio- means private and comes from the Greek word idiotes, meaning private person. Greeks were such social people that anybody who kept to themselves was called an idiot. |
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interictal IN-ter-IK-tal |
inter / ictal between / seizure Definition time between seizures |
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postictal post-IK-tal |
post / ictal after / seizure Definition time after a seizure |
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preictal pree-IK-tal |
pre / ictal before / seizure |
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tonic TAW-nik |
ton / ic muscle / pertaining to Definition pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive) |
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clonus CLAH-nis |
from Greek, for violent Definition muscle spasm or twitching |
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tonic-clonic seizure TAW-nik CLAH-nik SEE-zhir |
ton / ic clon / ic muscle / pertaining to spasm / pertaining to Definition a seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase |
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transient ischemic attack (TIA) TRAN-zee-ent ih-SKEE-mik ah-TAK |
trans / ient isch / em / ica cross / go hold back / blood / pertaining to Definition a “mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours |
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craniostenosis KRAY-nee-oh-steh-NOH-sis |
cranio / sten / osis skull / narrow / condition |
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craniosynostosis KRAY-nee-oh-SIN-aw-STOH-sis |
cranio / syn / ost / osis skull / together / bone / condition Definition premature fusing of the skull bones |
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hydrocephaly HAI-droh-SEH-fah-lee |
hydro / cephal / y water / head / condition Definition abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
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encephalomyelitis in-SEF-ah-loh-MAI-eh-LAI-tis |
encephalo / myel / itis brain / spinal cord / inflammation Definition inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
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encephalomyeloneuropathy in-SEF-ah-loh-MAI-el-oh-nir-AW-pah-thee |
encephalo / myelo / neuro / pathy brain / spinal cord / nerve / disease |
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meningoencephalitis meh-NIN-goh-in-SEF-ah-LAI-tis |
meningo / encephal / itis meninges / brain / inflammation |
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myelitis MAI-eh-LAI-tis |
myel / itis spinal cord / inflammation |
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myelodysplasia MAI-eh-loh-dis-PLAY-zhah |
myelo / dys / plas / ia spinal cord / bad / formation / condition Definition defective formation of the spinal cord Note: Since the root myelo can be used for both spinal cord and bone marrow, this term is also used to mean bad bone marrow formation; you can tell them apart by considering the context they occur in. |
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poliomyelitis POH-lee-oh-MAI-el-AI-tis |
polio / myel / itis gray / spinal cord / inflammation Definition inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord Note: This is the full name of the disease known as polio |
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anorexia a-noh-REK-see-ah |
an / orex / ia no / appetite / condition |
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autism AH-tiz-um |
aut / ism self / condition Definition a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on the self |
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bulimia boo-LEE-mee-ah |
bu / lim / ia ox / hunger / condition Definition an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting |
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cerebral palsy sih-REE-bral PAL-zee |
cerebr / al palsy brain / pertaining to paralysis Definition paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement Note: palsy is a less common word for paralysis |
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dysphoria dis-FOR-ee-ah |
dys / phor / ia bad / carry / condition Definition a negative emotional state |
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epilepsy eh-pih-LEP-see |
epi / lepsy upon / seize |
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general anesthetic |
anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness |
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anxiolytic ANG-zee-oh-LIH-tik |
anxio / lytic anxiety / breakdown agent Definition a drug that lessens anxiety |
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pyschotropic SAI-koh-TROH-pik |
psycho / trop / ic mind / turn / agent Definition drugs that are able to turn the mind |
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thrombolytic THRAWM-boh-LIT-ik |
thrombo / lytic clot / breakdown agent Definition a drug that dissolves clots |
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ALS |
Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) |
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CNS |
central nervous system |
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CP |
cerebral palsy |
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CSF |
cerebrospinal fluid |
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CVA |
cerebrovascular accident |
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EEG |
electroencephalogram |
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EMG |
electromyogram |
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HD |
Huntington's disease |
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ICP |
intracranial pressure |
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LOC |
level of consciousness |
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LP |
lumbar puncture |
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MRA |
magnetic resonance angiography |
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PET |
positron emission tomography |
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PNS |
peripheral nervous system |
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SRS |
stereotactic radiosurgery |
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TIA |
transient ischemic attack |
